Culicinae
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Culicinae | |
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Culiseta longiareolata | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Diptera |
Family: | Culicidae |
Subfamily: | Culicinae |
The Culicinae are the most extensive subfamily of
Introduction
The
Lifecycle
Culicinae mosquitoes are holometabolous, going through four distinct life stages: egg,
Eggs
Culicinae eggs are laid in groups by adult females, often numbering over a hundred. Most species lay the eggs on the surface of stagnant water. The female lays the eggs vertically and side by side, held together by a sticky substance excreted to coat the eggs, head end down, creating an egg raft that is convex below and concave above with ends that are typically upturned. Species that use this form of egg-laying typically hatch as first instar larvae within a few hours of laying. Oviposition on the surface of stagnant water is most common, but some species of Aedes and all Psorophora deposit their eggs in areas that will flood. Eggs are laid and embryological development occurs, but the eggs do not hatch till flooded. After flooding, the eggs will hatch within two to three days.
Larvae
Culicinae larvae are adapted to almost every aquatic environment worldwide, excepting flowing streams and open areas of large water masses. Larvae have three body regions –
Pupae
Culicinae pupae are aquatic and do not feed, but they do require air intake. All pupae must come to the water surface for air, with the exception of
Adults
Adult mosquitoes are about equal in proportions of
Feeding
Culicinae adults of both sexes feed on
Taxonomy
The subfamily Culicinae has 3,046 species in 108 genera that are sorted into 11 tribes. The tribes and genera they contain are shown below, with the number of species in each genus noted.
- Aedomyia(7 species)
- Abraedes (1)
- Acartomyia (3)
- Aedes (126)
- 'Aedes' sensu auctorum (4)
- Aedimorphus (67)
- Alanstonea (2)
- Albuginosus (9)
- Armigeres (58)
- Ayurakitia (2)
- Aztecaedes (1)
- Belkinius (1)
- Bifidistylus (2)
- Borichinda (1)
- Bothaella (6)
- Bruceharrisonius (8)
- Cancraedes (10)
- Catageiomyia (28)
- Catatassomyia (1)
- Christophersiomyia (5)
- Collessius (9)
- Cornetius (1)
- Dahliana (3)
- Danielsia (3)
- Dendroskusea (5)
- Diceromyia (14)
- Dobrotworskyius (7)
- Downsiomyia (30)
- Edwardsaedes (3)
- Elpeytonius (2)
- Eretmapodites (48)
- Finlaya (36)
- Fredwardsius (1)
- Georgecraigius (3)
- Geoskusea (10)
- Gilesius (2)
- Gymnometopa (1)
- Haemagogus (28)
- Halaedes (3)
- Heizmannia (38)
- Himalaius (2)
- Hopkinsius (7)
- Howardina (34)
- Huaedes (3)
- Hulecoeteomyia (13)
- Indusius (1)
- Isoaedes (1)
- Jarnellius (5)
- Jihlienius (3)
- Kenknightia (12)
- Leptosomatomyia (1)
- Levua (1)
- Lewnielsenius (1)
- Lorrainea (5)
- Luius (1)
- Macleaya (11)
- Molpemyia (3)
- Mucidus (14)
- Neomelaniconion (28)
- Ochlerotatus (197)
- 'Ochlerotatus' sensu auctorum (69)
- Opifex (2)
- Paraedes (8)
- Patmarksia (13)
- Petermattinglyius (5)
- Phagomyia (16)
- Polyleptiomyia (2)
- Pseudarmigeres (5)
- Psorophora (48)
- Rampamyia (3)
- Rhinoskusea (4)
- Sallumia (2)
- Scutomyia (9)
- Skusea (4)
- Stegomyia (127)
- Tanakaius (2)
- Tewarius (4)
- Udaya (3)
- Vansomerenis (3)
- Verrallina (95)
- Zavortinkius (11)
- Zeugnomyia (4)
- Culex (768)
- Deinocerites (18)
- Galindomyia (1)
- Lutzia (8)
- Culiseta (37)
- Hodhesia (11)
- Coquillettidia (57)
- Mansonia (25)
- Orthopodomyia (35)
- Isostomyia (4)
- Johnbelkinia (3)
- Kimia (5)
- Limatus (8)
- Malaya (12)
- Maorigoeldia (1)
- Onirion (7)
- Runchomyia (7)
- Sabethes (39)
- Shannoniana (3)
- Topomyia (60)
- Trichoprosopon (13)
- Tripteroides (122)
- Wyeomyia (139)
- Toxorhynchites (88)
- Uranotaenia (267)
References
- Harbach, RE. "Sub-Family Culicinae Meigen 1818". Mosquito Taxonomic Survey. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
- Bay, D.E.; Harris, R.L. (1988). Introduction to Veterinary Entomology: A Guide to Livestock Insects: 43–51. Robert Harris Publisher.