Dano-Swedish War (1512–1520)
Dano-Swedish War (1512–1520) | |||||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||||
Denmark | Sweden | ||||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
Sören Norby Otte Krumpen |
Sten Sture the Younger (DOW) Christina Gyllenstierna | ||||||||
Strength | |||||||||
Unknown | Unknown | ||||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||||
Unknown | Unknown |
The Dano-Swedish War (1512–1520), is the name of the conflict that lasted 1512–1520 and was part of the Union Wars at the time of the
Background
When
1512–1516
At the beginning of the year 1512, a formal state of war prevailed, but military activity was low. On April 23, 1512, a Treaty of Malmö (1512) was concluded, which was to last until midsummer in 1513. The truce was later extended until midsummer in 1514. The Swedes were faced with two options either choose the Danish king to the king also in Sweden, or pay an annual tribute to Denmark. None of the alternatives appealed to the Swedes, which is why the issue was delayed, including through a meeting on 29 July 1515.[2]
On February 20, 1513, the Danish king Hans died and was succeeded by his son Christian.[2] Kristian had already been elected heir to the throne in Sweden in 1497.[3]
The Danes grew tired of the Swedes' procrastination and in the spring of 1516 began preparing armor for an attack. The attack was to be coordinated with an action against Sten Sture, initiated by his political opponent Archbishop
1517
In May 1517, the Danish fleet set sail from Copenhagen towards Stockholm. During the journey, Västervik and Stegeholm were attacked, whereby the city was sacked and burned down. Söderköping fire assessment and devastation took place along the Småland and Östergötland coasts.[6] The Danish fleet arrived in Stockholm on 3 August and disembarked at Gärdet. Sten Sture's cavalry met the Danes at Vädla, which resulted in a Swedish victory. The Danish fleet then set sail.[6]
At a national meeting in Stockholm in November, it was decided that Gustav Trolle would be deposed as archbishop and that
1518
At the beginning of 1518, Sten Sture sent troops to Västergötland, which were to attack the Danes. The Danes managed to avoid battle through negotiations.[6]
On June 6, Christian II set sail with a new army for Stockholm, where they arrived at midsummer. They set up a camp on Brunkebergsåsen, but later moved to Södermalm, where it was easier to defend themselves, but where they could also bombard Stockholm with cannons. Two Danish storming attempts were repulsed, after which Sten Sture decided to attack Christian II's troops from the south. At the end of July there was the battle of Brännkyrka, which was won by the Swedes, however with losses of around 1,600 people.[8]
The Danes retreated to Södermalm, where they were besieged. After six weeks, food shortages caused Christian II to set sail to obtain provisions, but during their attempts to stock up they were attacked by Sten Sture's forces.[9]
Negotiations began at the end of August. Kristian II expressed wishes for a personal conversation with Sten Sture in Österhaninge church. As security, a hostage was exchanged from both sides. From the Swedish side, Hemming Gadh, Gustav Eriksson Vasa, Lars Sparre, Jöran Sparre, Olof Ryning and Bengt Nilsson. No conversation took place and the Danes set sail in early October with the Swedish hostage on board.[10]
1519
In January 1519, Christian II's troops entered Västergötland. As revenge, Erik Abrahamsson marched towards northern
1520
A strong Danish attack took place in January 1520. From Helsingborg, Danish troops broke into Småland and then moved on towards Östergötland. When news of the Danish attack reached Sten Sture, he marched towards Västergötland, where a defense of Bogesund on lake Åsunden was being prepared.[10]
On January 19, the Danes attacked Sten Sture's positions at the Battle of Bogesund, whereupon Sten Sture was hit by a projectile and fell badly wounded from his horse. After that, the Swedish army was quickly disbanded due to a lack of leadership. On 3 February Sten Sture died as a result of his injuries.[11] The Danish troops advanced further into Västergötland and Bogesund, Falköping, Skövde and Skara were burned.[7]
On March 6, negotiations took place between
Consequences
The Swedish peasant armies continued the battles against the Danes, among other things the Danish siege force was attacked at Västerås Castle and on March 29, 1520, the battle at Badelundaåsen took place east of Västerås.[11] On April 6, Uppsala was attacked by a large peasant force, which was reinforced by people from Stockholm. After initial successes for the peasants, the battle ended with a Danish victory.[11]
Kristian started negotiations with the Hansan, which supplied Stockholm with provisions, and got it to refrain from helping Sten Sture's followers and stop calling on Stockholm.[12] In May 1520, Christian II came to Stockholm, who was defended by Sten Sture's widow Kristina Nilsdotter. A siege was launched, but it was fruitless. Only after Hemming Gadh went over to the Danish side and began capitulation negotiations with Kristina Nilsdotter on September 2, was Christian II able to march into Stockholm on September 7, 1520.[13]
Two months later, the
References
- ^ Sundberg (2002), p. 395
- ^ a b c Sundberg (2002), p. 396
- ^ a b Huldén (2008), p. 222
- ^ Larsson (1997), p. 416
- ^ Larsson (1997), p. 417
- ^ a b c d Sundberg (2002), p. 397
- ^ a b Huldén (2008), p. 223
- ^ Sundberg (2002), pp. 397–398
- ^ Sundberg (2002), p. 398
- ^ a b c Sundberg (2002), p. 399
- ^ a b c d Sundberg (2002), p. 400
- ^ Huldén (2008), p. 224
- ^ Sundberg (2002), pp. 400–401
- ^ Sundberg (2002), p. 401
Sources
- Landgrén Lars-Folke, Westerbom Thomas, Lena (2008). Med blod och svärd 1000-1520. Krigen kring Östersjön ; 1 (in Swedish). Helsingfors: Schildt. pp. 222–225. .
- Larsson, Lars-Olof (1997). Kalmarunionens tid: från drottning Margareta till Kristian II (in Swedish). Stockholm: Rabén Prisma. .
- Sundberg, Ulf (2002). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (2. uppl. ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 395–401. .