Death panel
"Death panel" is a political term that originated during the 2009 debate about federal health care legislation to cover the
Palin's spokesperson pointed to
For 2009, "death panel" was named as
Background
On July 16, 2009, former lieutenant governor of New York,
On July 24, 2009, an op-ed by McCaughey was published in the
Palin's initial statement
[G]overnment health care will not reduce the cost; it will simply refuse to pay the cost. And who will suffer the most when they ration care? The sick, the elderly, and the disabled, of course. The America I know and love is not one in which my parents or my baby with Down Syndrome will have to stand in front of Obama's "death panel" so his bureaucrats can decide, based on a subjective judgment of their "level of productivity in society," whether they are worthy of health care. Such a system is downright evil.[29]
Although Palin's post did not identify a portion of legislation she believed mandated "death panels",[2] a spokesperson pointed to HR 3200, Section 1233,[30][31][32] and Palin herself followed up in an August 12 Facebook note clarifying her argument by discussing Section 1233.[2] However, neither Section 1233 nor any other provision in any health care bill provided for a system to determine if individuals were worthy of health care.[4] Yet, Palin's charge of "death panels" became believed by about 30% of those surveyed in the U.S. within a week.[33]
Proposed policy
Legislation providing for counseling patients on advance directives, living wills and end-of-life care had been on the books for years, however, the laws did not provide for physicians to be reimbursed for giving such counseling during routine physical exams of the elderly. The
A bill to provide for reimbursement every five years for office visit discussions with Medicare patients on advance directives, living wills, and other end of life care issues was proposed by Rep.
In late December 2010, it was reported that a new Medicare regulation had been approved that would pay for end-of-life care consultations during annual physical exams. The regulation was to be effective January 1, 2011,[19] but was deleted on January 4 for political reasons.[45]
Reaction
The "death panel" myth produced widespread reaction among the media, physicians and politicians.
Media
Physicians
C. Porter Storey Jr. said the term represents fear that due to financial pressure "some mechanical, governmental method will be used to determine how much of our scarce health care resources will be applied to their situation."[53] Atul Gawande, a surgeon and writer, said that fear of missing out on an expensive life-extending treatment is behind the phrase, but he thought that framing the issue in this way was completely mistaken. "[T]he trouble is not whether we're going to offer a $100,000 drug to help someone get 3 or 4 months"; our big trouble is that patients receive a $100,000 drug that not only yields no benefit—it also causes major side effects that shortens their lives", he said.[54] Gawande said doctor's schedules of 20 minute appointments, a lack of payments and the emotional difficulty of conversations about mortality were barriers to the doctor-patient discussions about end-of-life care issues, which can take about an hour.[55]
Geriatric psychiatrist
The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) published a statement in January 2011 advocating an individualized approach to treatment and supportive care for patients with advanced cancer. They stated that there is:[5]
need to recognize the value of these conversations to both our patients and society and the effort such care requires in our reimbursement systems. Currently, our system highly incentivizes delivery of cancer-directed interventions (chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and so on) over conversations that are critical to establishing a patient's goals and preferences and providing individualized care. Efforts to compensate oncologists and others for delivering this important aspect of cancer care were unfortunately politicized in the recent health care reform debates, but these efforts had at their core a critical patient-centered societal interest and should be revisited.
Benjamin W. Corn, a cancer specialist, wrote in the
Politicians
Sen.
President Barack Obama cited the charge—along with the
Palin response
On August 12, 2009, Palin said "the elderly and ailing would be coerced into accepting minimal end-of-life care to reduce health care costs"
In a September 2009 speech, Palin said the term was "intended to sound a warning about the rationing that is sure to follow if big government tries to simultaneously increase health care coverage while also claiming to decrease costs."[68] In November 2009 Palin said that Obama was "incorrect" and "disingenuous" when he called the "death panel" charge "a lie, plain and simple."[69] In the National Review she said
[t]o me, while reading that Section of the bill, it became so evident that there would be a panel of bureaucrats who would decide on levels of health care, decide on those who are worthy or not worthy of receiving some government-controlled coverage ... Since health care would have to be rationed if it were promised to everyone, it would therefore lead to harm for many individuals not able to receive the government care. That leads, of course, to death.[6][70]
She explained that the term should not be taken literally, likening it to when President
In December 2009 Palin warned on Twitter that a merged health care bill could have the "death panels" restored.[72] Palin used the term jokingly while speaking at the 2009 Gridiron Club dinner for journalists, saying it was like being in front of a "death panel".[73]
Supporters
After Palin's statement, conservative commentators including Glenn Beck, Rush Limbaugh and Michelle Malkin agreed that death panels were mandated by the proposed legislation.[3][74][75] On August 9, former House speaker Newt Gingrich backed Palin's "death panel" charge by saying that the bill created numerous agencies and panels, that government was not to be trusted, and "there clearly are people in America who believe in establishing euthanasia, including selective standards".[4][76][77] One week later, Gingrich wrote that the proposed legislation did not provide for government rationing of health care, but it was "all but certain to lead to rationing."[78]
At an August 12, 2009, town hall meeting, Senator Chuck Grassley, the ranking Republican on the Health Care subcommittee said, "living wills ... ought to be done within the family.[36] We should not have a government program that determines you're going to pull the plug on Grandma."[6] Grassley later said that he did not think the provision would grant the government the authority to decide who lives and dies.[79][80][81]
Impact
Political
Consultation payments were removed from the Senate version of the bill by the
By mid-August 2009, about a week after Palin's initial Facebook note, the
In September 2010, six months after the passage of the
Other findings from the survey included:
- 78% thought palliative care and end-of-life issues should be in the public discourse;
- 93% thought those decisions should be a top priority in the U.S. health care system;
- 70% agreed with the idea that "It is more important to enhance the quality of life for seriously ill patients, even if it means a shorter life" while 23% placed more importance on extending life through any possible medical treatment;
- Doctors, family, and friends were highly trusted sources for end-of-life care information while only 33% trusted elected officials or political candidates for accurate information.[87]
Social
Atul Gawande, a physician who writes on health care topics for The New Yorker, said "that the whole death panel reduction and reaction to it" temporarily "shut down our ability to even have a national discussion about how to have the right [end-of-life] conversation" between doctors and patients.[88]
When investigating for his article "Letting Go", Gawande was asked to refrain from writing about palliative care by physicians who were concerned the article might be manipulated to create another political controversy—and as a result, hurt their profession.[89][90] Professor Harold Pollack wrote that given the "anxieties captured in the crystalline phrase 'death panel,' I would not commence a national cost-control discussion within the frightening and divisive arena of end-of-life care."[91]
Bishop et al. were fearful of how their publication
Media analysis
PolitiFact gave Palin's claim its lowest rating—"Pants on Fire!"—on August 10[4] and on December 19 it was named "Lie of the Year" for 2009.[6][95][96] "Death panel" was named the most outrageous term of 2009 by the American Dialect Society.[8] The definition was given as "A supposed committee of doctors and/or bureaucrats who would decide which patients were allowed to receive treatment, ostensibly leaving the rest to die".[8][97] FactCheck called it one of the "whoppers" of 2009.[7]
Megan Garber of the Columbia Journalism Review called the topic "irresistible" to reporters because it covered conflict, drama, innuendo, and Sarah Palin.[98] Garber said it was "notoriously challenging for the press to deal with" because the old method of delegitimization, ignoring, was no longer workable.[98] "Debunking rumors without simultaneously sanctioning them has always been a fraught endeavor, with the proliferation of niche media sites over the past several years only rendering that effort even more precarious", said Garber.[98]
A study by Regina G. Lawrence, a communications professor, and Matthew L. Schafer, a Juris Doctor candidate, found that "the mainstream news, particularly newspapers, debunked 'death panels' early, fairly often", however, some journalists presented information in a he said/she said style, often confusing readers, and most did not include an explanation as to why the charge was false.[99] Lawrence and Schafer said that "the dilemma for reporters playing by the rules of procedural objectivity is that repeating a claim reinforces a sense of its validity—or at least, enshrines its place as an important topic of public debate. Moreover, there is no clear evidence that journalism can correct misinformation once it has been widely publicized. Indeed, it didn't seem to correct the death panels misinformation in our study."[99]
In his study of the "death panel" myth, Brendan Nyhan concluded that "once such beliefs take hold, few good options exist to counter them". However, in future such cases he recommended that "concerned scholars, citizens, and journalists ... [could] create negative publicity for the elites who are promoting misinformation", and "pressure the media to stop providing coverage to serial dissemblers."[3] In contrast to the above statements suggesting there is no good method to correct misinformation in the minds of the public, MIT professor Adam Berinsky has found some success when people are exposed to corrective information from sources that belong to the same political party as the misinformer.[100]
Academic analysis
Bioethicist
Brent J. Pawlecki, a corporate medical director, said the phrases "death panels" and "killing Grandma" were "used to fuel the flames of fear and opposition".
Princeton economics professor
Health economist
Use after August 2009
In response to legislation in Arizona which cut Medicaid funding for previously approved transplants,[111] E.J. Montini of The Arizona Republic used the term,[112] as did Keith Olbermann of MSNBC.[113] Montini referred to Republican Governor Jan Brewer as "Governor Grim Reaper" and both Brewer and the Republican-controlled legislature as a "death panel".[114] An editorial by USA Today said, "to the extent that death panels of a sort do exist, they're composed of state officials who must decide whether each state's version of Medicaid will cover certain expensive, potentially life-saving treatments."[115]
Palin expanded her "death panel" attack to target the precursor of the
In March 2010, Democratic Rep.
Later that month, after the Affordable Care Act as amended by the Senate passed the House, conservative commentator David Frum made a widely-read post to his blog criticizing Republicans for their steadfast opposition to the bill over the previous year and a half. There had been congressional Republicans willing to work with Democrats, he said, but they had refrained from doing so out of fear of political reprisals from the Tea Party and other elements of the conservative base that had been regularly encouraged by talk radio and Fox News to believe the worst of the bill. "How do you negotiate with somebody who wants to murder your grandmother? Or—more exactly—with somebody whom your voters have been persuaded to believe wants to murder their grandmother?" he asked, alluding to the alleged death panels.[127]
In November 2010,
In his 2011 book, former governor of Arkansas
Critics of the United Kingdom's handling of certain medical cases, such as the cases of Charlie Gard (2017) and Alfie Evans (2018), have used the term "death panel" to describe those who made the decision to pull life support.[132][133]
In 2018
In November 2018 the podcast Death Panel was launched. The podcast was originally hosted by Beatrice Adler-Bolton, Artie Vierkant, Vince Patti, and Phil Rocco and covers politics, culture, and public policy from the left on a twice-weekly basis.[135]
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the podcast Chapo Trap House often referred to the lack of hospital space in countries heavily afflicted by the crisis as having death panels.[136] On the same day the referenced Chapo episode released (March 23, 2020), an article from The New York Times opinions section came out titled "Here Come The Death Panels" by Michelle Goldberg.[137] This piece refers to the "lie" shared by Palin in 2009 and makes an opposing case about hospital patients in the United States not getting certain procedures they need depending on their condition.[138] Two days later on March 25; the podcast Intercepted from The Intercept and Jeremy Scahill released an episode titled "Capitalist Death Panels: If Corporate Vultures Get Their Way, We'll Be Dead".[139] On July 23, it was reported that, due to insufficient hospital capacity, Starr County, Texas would be forced to adopt "critical care guidelines", wherein critically ill patients would be "sent home to die"; the move was criticized as the creation of a "real death panel".[140][141]
See also
References
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{{cite news}}
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Democrats have painted the action by the majority Republican Legislature as an unconscionable budget decision, and one local columnist, E.J. Montini of The Arizona Republic, has repeatedly taken state leaders to task in his columns. Montini refers to Republican Governor Jan Brewer as 'Governor Grim Reaper' while blasting the Legislature as a 'death panel,' leading to complaints from elected officials.
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- ^ "Trump Seizes Moral High Ground in Charlie Gard Case - Rasmussen Reports®". m.rasmussenreports.com. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
- ^ "LETTERS, May 1: 'Death panels' at work in England". Wilmington Star News. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
- ^ @AOC (December 2, 2018). "Actually, we have for-profit "death panels" now: they are companies + boards saying you're on your own bc they won't cover a critical procedure or medicine. Maybe if the GOP stopped hiding behind this "socialist" rock they love to throw, they'd actually engage on-issue for once" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "Death Panel Podcast". deathpanel.net.
- ^ "Ep. 404 'Mother Mother Please!'". Soundcloud. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
- ^ Goldberg, Michelle (March 24, 2020). "Opinion | Here Come the Death Panels". The New York Times.
- ^ "Cancer, heart surgeries delayed as coronavirus alters care". Associated Press. April 20, 2021.
- ^ "Intercepted Podcast: Capitalist Death Panels". March 25, 2020.
- ^ Koop, Chacour (July 24, 2020). "COVID-19 patients will be 'sent home to die' if deemed too sick, Texas county says". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
- ^ "Texas hospital forced to set up 'death panel' as Covid-19 cases surge". The Guardian. July 26, 2020.
Further reading
- Lawrence, RG; ML Schafer (2012). "Debunking Sarah Palin: Mainstream news coverage of 'death panels'". S2CID 145436837.
- Nagia, Aditi; Michael Wilkerson (September 9, 2009). "Real Life Death Panels: As Sarah Palin continues to spread misinformation about Barack Obama's health-care plan, FP looks at where the real "death panels" are". Foreign Policy.