Duke of Atholl
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Dukedom of Atholl | |
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heirs male of the body lawfully begotten, with special remainder to the heirs male of the body lawfully begotten of the 1st Marquess | |
Subsidiary titles |
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Seat(s) | Blair Castle |
Former seat(s) | Dunkeld House |
Duke of Atholl, named after
As of 2017[update], there were twelve subsidiary titles attached to the dukedom: Lord Murray of Tullibardine (1604), Lord Murray, Gask and Balquhidder (1628), Lord Murray, Balvany and Gask (1676), Lord Murray, Balvenie and Gask, in the County of Perth (1703), Viscount of Balquhidder (1676), Viscount of Balquhidder, Glenalmond and Glenlyon, in the County of Perth (1703), Earl of Atholl (1629), Earl of Tullibardine (1628), Earl of Tullibardine (1676), Earl of Strathtay and Strathardle, in the County of Perth (1703), Marquess of Atholl (1676) and Marquess of Tullibardine, in the County of Perth (1703). These titles are also in the Peerage of Scotland. The dukes have also previously held the following titles: Baron Strange (Peerage of England 1628) between 1736 and 1764 and 1805 and 1957; Baron Murray, of Stanley in the County of Gloucester, and Earl Strange (Peerage of Great Britain 1786) between 1786 and 1957, Baron Glenlyon, of Glenlyon in the County of Perth (Peerage of the United Kingdom 1821) between 1846 and 1957 and Baron Percy (Peerage of Great Britain 1722) between 1865 and 1957. From 1786 to 1957, the Dukes of Atholl sat in the House of Lords as Earl Strange.
The Duke's eldest son and heir apparent uses the courtesy title Marquess of Tullibardine. The heir apparent to Lord Tullibardine uses the courtesy title Earl of Strathtay and Strathardle (usually shortened to Earl of Strathtay). Lord Strathtay's heir apparent uses the courtesy title Viscount Balquhidder. The Duke of Atholl is the hereditary chief of Clan Murray.
Family history
The Dukes of Atholl belong to an ancient Scottish family. Sir William Murray of Castleton married Lady Margaret, daughter of John Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl (see Earl of Atholl). Sir William was one of the many Scottish noblemen killed at the Battle of Flodden in 1513. His son Sir William Murray lived at Tullibardine in Perthshire. The latter's grandson, Sir John Murray, was created Lord Murray of Tullibardine in 1604 and Lord Murray, Gask and Balquhidder and Earl of Tullibardine in 1606. All three titles were in the Peerage of Scotland. He was succeeded by his eldest son, William Murray (1574–1628), the second Earl of Tullibardine. He married as his third wife Lady Dorothea, daughter of John Stewart, 5th and last Earl of Atholl. Charles I agreed to revive the earldom of Atholl in favour of Lord Tullibardine's children by Lady Dorothea. Tullibardine consequently resigned his titles in favour of his younger brother, Patrick Murray, who was created Lord Murray of Gask and Earl of Tullibardine in 1628, with remainder to his heirs male whatsoever and presumably with the precedence of 1606. John Murray, son of the second Earl of Tullibardine by Lady Dorothea Stewart, was created Earl of Atholl in the Peerage of Scotland in 1629. He was succeeded by his son, the second Earl of Atholl. In 1670 he succeeded his cousin James Murray, 2nd Earl of Tullibardine, as third (or fifth) Earl of Tullibardine. In 1676 he was created Lord Murray, Balveny and Gask, Viscount of Balquhidder, Earl of Tullibardine and Marquess of Atholl, with remainder to the heirs male of his body. All titles were in the Peerage of Scotland. Lord Atholl married Lady Amelia Anne Sophia, daughter of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby (and 1st Baron Strange).
On his death the titles passed to his eldest son, the second Marquess. He had already been created Lord Murray, Viscount Glenalmond and Earl of Tullibardine for life in the peerage of Scotland in 1696. In 1703 he was made Lord Murray, Balvenie and Gask, in the County of Perth, Viscount of Balwhidder, Glenalmond and Glenlyon, in the County of Perth, Earl of Strathtay and Strathardle, in the County of Perth, Marquess of Tullibardine, in the County of Perth, and Duke of Atholl, with remainder failing heirs male of his own to the heirs male of his father. All five titles were in the Peerage of Scotland. His eldest surviving son and heir apparent, William Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine, took part in the
The Duke and Duchess were both succeeded by their eldest son John, the fourth Duke. In 1786 he was created Baron Murray, of
The sixth Duke was succeeded by his only child, John, the seventh Duke. In 1865 he succeeded as sixth Baron Percy through his grandmother aforesaid. The same year he registered the additional surname of Stewart at the
The dukedom of Atholl and remaining titles were passed on to the late Duke's fourth cousin twice removed, Iain Murray, the tenth Duke of Atholl. He was the grandson of Sir Evelyn Murray, son of Sir George Murray, grandson of Dr George Murray, Bishop of Rochester, son of Bishop Lord George Murray, second son of the third Duke. As all the English titles had become extinct on the ninth Duke's death, the tenth Duke was not entitled to an automatic seat in the House of Lords, gaining in 1957 the then unfortunate distinction of being the highest ranking peer without a seat in the upper chamber of parliament. However, in 1958 Atholl was elected a Scottish representative peer and was able to take a seat in the House of Lords. Through the Peerage Act 1963 all hereditary Scottish peers gained the right to sit in the House of Lords. The tenth Duke was unmarried and was succeeded in 1996 by his second cousin once removed, John Murray, 11th Duke of Atholl. He was the grandson of the Rev. Douglas Stuart Murray, brother of the aforementioned Sir George Murray, great-grandfather of the tenth Duke. On his death in 2012, the eleventh Duke was succeeded by his eldest son, Bruce Murray, 12th Duke of Atholl.[1]
Other family members
Mungo Murray, second son of the first Earl of Tullibardine of the first creation, succeeded as second
James Arthur Murray (1790–1860), only son of Lord William Murray, third son of the third Duke, was a
Traditional residence and military command
The Dukes of Atholl's traditional residence is Blair Castle, though the family has owned several other residences and castles in the past, notably Huntingtower Castle, Balvenie Castle, Tullibardine Castle and Dunkeld House (the latter two demolished).
The traditional burial place of the Dukes of Atholl is the Family Burial Ground (photo) next to the ruins of St Bride's Kirk in the grounds of Blair Castle. The ruin stands on a mound a little to the north-east of the castle, where a church has existed since at least 1134.[3] St Bride's was the village church of Old Blair but fell into disuse after 1823 when the estate village was relocated to its current location.[4]
The holder of the dukedom of Atholl also commands the only legal private army in Europe, the Atholl Highlanders, which is headquartered at Blair Castle.[5]
Earls of Tullibardine; first creation (1606)
- John Murray, 1st Earl of Tullibardine (died 1609)
- William Murray, 2nd Earl of Tullibardine (c. 1574–1626) (eldest son of the 1st Earl; resigned his titles in favour of younger brother in 1626)
Earls of Tullibardine; second creation (1628)
- Patrick Murray, 1st Earl of Tullibardine (1578–1644) (third son of the 1st Earl of Tullibardine of the first creation)
- James Murray, 2nd Earl of Tullibardine (1617–1670) (eldest son of the 1st Earl; died without surviving children)
- Patrick Murray, Lord Murray and Gask (c. 1644–c. 1661–1664) (elder son of the 2nd Earl, died unmarried)
- James Murray, Lord Murray and Gask (c. 1652–c. 1664–1670) (younger son of the 2nd Earl, died young)
- John Murray, 3rd Earl of Tullibardine (1631–1703) (first cousin of the 2nd Earl; became 2nd Earl of Atholl in 1642 and created Marquess of Atholl in 1676)
Earls of Atholl; tenth creation (1629)
- John Murray, 1st Earl of Atholl (died 1642) (son of the 2nd Earl of Tullibardine of the first creation)
- John Murray, 3rd Earl of Tullibardine, 2nd Earl of Atholl (1631–1703) (elder son of the 1st Earl; created Marquess of Atholl in 1676)
Marquesses of Atholl (1676)
- John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl (1631–1703) (elder son of the 1st Earl)
- John Murray, 2nd Marquess of Atholl (1660–1724) (eldest son of the 1st Marquess; created Duke of Atholl in 1703)
Dukes of Atholl (1703)
- Other titles: Marquess of Tullibardine, Earl of Strathtay and Strathardle, Viscount of Balwhidder, Glenalmond and Glenlyonz and Lord Murray, Balvenie and Gask (Scotland, 1703); Marquess of Atholl, Earl of Tullibardine, Viscount of Balquhidder and Lord Murray, Balvany and Gask (Scotland, 1676); Earl of Atholl (Scotland, 1629); Earl of Tullibardine and Lord Murray, Gask and Balquhidder (Scotland, 1628); Lord Murray of Tullibardine (Scotland, 1604)
- John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl (1660–1724) (eldest son of the 1st Marquess)
- John Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine (1684–1709) (eldest son of the 1st Duke; died unmarried)
- William Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine (1689–1746) (second son of the 1st Duke; was a Jacobite who was attainted and executed, unmarried, for treason; excluded from the succession)
- Lord Charles Murray (1691–1720) (fourth son of the 1st Duke; predeceased his third brother without issue)
- Lt.-Gen. Lord George Murray(1694–1760) fifth son of the 1st Duke, also attainted
- Other titles (2nd and 4th through 9th Dukes): Baron Strange (England, 1628)
- James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl (1690–1764) (third son of the 1st Duke)
- John Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine (1728–1729) (eldest son of the 2nd Duke; died in infancy)
- James Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine (1735–1736) (second and youngest son of the 2nd Duke; died in infancy)
- John Murray, 3rd Duke of Atholl (1729–1774) (only son of Lord George Murray, attainted fifth son of the 1st Duke)
- John Murray, 4th Duke of Atholl (1755–1830) (eldest son of the 3rd Duke)
- John Murray, 5th Duke of Atholl (1778–1846) (eldest son of the 4th Duke; died unmarried)
- Other titles (6th through 9th Dukes): Earl Strange and Baron Murray (Great Britain, 1786, extinct 1957); Baron Glenlyon(United Kingdom, 1821, extinct 1957)
- George Augustus Frederick John Murray, 6th Duke of Atholl (1814–1864) (eldest son of James Murray, 1st Baron Glenlyon; see below)
- Other titles (7th through 9th Dukes): Baron Percy (Great Britain, 1722)
- John James Hugh Henry Stewart-Murray, 7th Duke of Atholl (1840–1917) (only son of the 6th Duke)
- John Stewart-Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine (1869–1869) (eldest son of the 7th Duke; died in infancy)
- Major Lord George Stewart-Murray (1873–1914) (third son of the 7th Duke; predeceased his second brother without issue)
- John George Stewart-Murray, 8th Duke of Atholl (1871–1942) (second son of the 7th Duke; died without issue)
- James Stewart-Murray, 9th Duke of Atholl (1879–1957) (fourth and youngest son of the 7th Duke; died unmarried)
- George Iain Murray, 10th Duke of Atholl (1931–1996) (fourth cousin, twice removed of the 9th Duke; great-great-great-grandson of Rt. Rev. Dr. George Murray, eldest son of Rt. Rev. Lord George Murray, second son of the 3rd Duke; died unmarried)
- John Murray, 11th Duke of Atholl (1929–2012)[1] (second cousin, once removed of the 10th Duke; great-great grandson of Rt. Rev. George Murray, eldest son of Rt. Rev. Lord George Murray, second son of the 3rd Duke)
- Bruce George Ronald Murray, 12th Duke of Atholl (born 1960) (elder son of the 11th Duke)
The heir apparent is the present holder's elder son, Michael Bruce John Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine (born 1985).
Barons Glenlyon (1821)
- James Murray, 1st Baron Glenlyon (1782–1837), second son of the 4th Duke
- George Augustus Frederick John Murray, 2nd Baron Glenlyon (1814–1864) (succeeded as 6th Duke of Atholl in 1846)
see above for further succession
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Coat of arms
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Heraldry
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Murray
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Stewart of Atholl
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Stanley
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Isle of Man
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Arms of John Murray, 1st Earl of Atholl
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Arms of John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl
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Arms of the 2nd to 4th Dukes of Atholl
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Arms of the 7th to 9th Dukes of Atholl
Family tree
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See also
- Clan Murray
- Murray (surname)
- Earl of Dunmore
- Atholl
- Atholl Highlanders
- Atolovo, a Bulgarian village named after the eighth Duke
Notes
- ^ a b "The Duke of Atholl". The Daily Telegraph. 17 May 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
- ^ www.burkespeerage.com
- ^ St Bride's Kirk on www.geograph.org.uk, accessed 5 December 2018
- ^ A history and description of St Bride's Kirk, Old Blair, accessed 5 December 2018
- ^ www.blair-castle.co.uk Archived 21 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 2-9400-8502-1.
- ISBN 978-1-9997-6705-1.
References
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 849–851.
- Hesilrige, Arthur G. M. (1921). Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy. London: London: Dean & son, limited. p. 73.
- Anderson, Alan Orr, Early Sources of Scottish History: AD 500–1286, 2 Vols, (Edinburgh, 1922)[page needed]
- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990, [page needed]
- Roberts, John L., Lost Kingdoms: Celtic Scotland in the Middle Ages, (Edinburgh, 1997)
- Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages [better source needed]