Duke of York
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Dukedom of York | |
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heirs male of the body lawfully begotten | |
Subsidiary titles | |
Status | Extant |
Seat(s) | Royal Lodge |
Duke of York is a title of
Initially granted in the 14th century in the Peerage of England, the title Duke of York has been created eight times. The title Duke of York and Albany has been created three times. These occurred during the 18th century, following the 1707 unification of the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland into a single, united realm. The double naming was done so that a territorial designation from each of the previously separate realms could be included.
The current Duke of York is
History
In the Middle Ages, York was the main city of the North of England and the see of the Archbishop of York from AD 735. Yorkshire is England's largest shire in area.
York under its Viking name "Jorvik" was a
The title Duke of York was first created in the
The title was next created for
The third creation was for Henry Tudor, second son of
The title was created for the fourth time for Charles Stuart, second son of James I. When his elder brother, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, died in 1612, Charles became heir-apparent. He was created Prince of Wales in 1616 and eventually became Charles I in 1625 when the title again merged into the Crown.
The fifth creation was in favour of
During the 18th century the
The sixth creation of the Dukedom of York (without being combined with Albany) was for Prince George, second son of the, then current, Prince of Wales, the future
The seventh creation was for Prince Albert, second son of King George V, and younger brother of the future
The title was created for the eighth time for Prince Andrew, second son of Queen Elizabeth II. As of 2022, the only legitimate offspring are his two daughters from his marriage to Sarah, Duchess of York. Thus, if he has no future (legitimate) sons, the title will again become extinct—reverting to the Crown—upon his death.
Aside from the first creation, every time the Dukedom of York has been created it has had only one occupant, that person either inheriting the throne or dying without male heirs.
Pretenders
In the late 15th Century, Perkin Warbeck unsuccessfully claimed the Crown by claiming the identity of Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York.
In the early 18th century, the eldest son of the overthrown King James II & VII and thus
Dukes of York
First creation, 1385–1461
Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
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Edmund of Langley 1385–1402[4] also: Earl of Cambridge (1362) |
5 June 1341 Edward III and Philippa of Hainault
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Isabella of Castile 11 July 1372 - 23 December 1392 3 children Joan Holland c. 4 November 1393 no children |
1 August 1402 | |
Earl of Rutland (1390–1402), Earl of Cork (c. 1396)
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1373 Norwich son of 1st Duke by his first wife Isabella of Castile |
Philippa de Mohun no children |
25 October 1415 Battle of Agincourt aged 42 | |
Lord Protector of England, Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall (1460, see Act of Accord); Earl of Ulster (1264), Earl of March (1328), Earl of Cambridge (1414, restored 1426), feudal Lord of Clare (bt. 1066–1075), Baron Mortimer of Wigmore (1331)
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21 September 1411 Nephew of 2nd Duke and son of Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (attainted and executed for treason in August 1415) and Anne de Mortimer; restored in blood |
Cecily Neville 1437 13 children |
30 December 1460 Wakefield aged 49 | |
Edward Plantagenet (1331)
1460–1461[7] also: Earl of Ulster (1264), Earl of March (1328), Earl of Cambridge (1414), feudal Lord of Clare (bt. 1066–1075), Baron Mortimer of Wigmore |
28 April 1442 Cecily Neville
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Elizabeth Woodville 1 May 1464 10 children |
9 April 1483 Westminster aged 40 | |
Edward Plantagenet seized the throne in 1461 as Edward IV and the title of duke merged in the crown. |
Second creation, 1474
Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
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Earl of Warenne (1477)
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17 August 1473 Shrewsbury Second son of King Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville |
Anne de Mowbray 15 January 1478 no children |
Disappeared in the Tower of London, with his older brother, the "Princes in the Tower". | |
Richard disappeared without known issue and the title of duke became extinct. |
Third creation, 1494
Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
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Henry Tudor 1494–1509[8] also: Prince of Wales (1504), Duke of Cornwall (1502) |
28 June 1491 Greenwich Palace, London son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York |
Catherine of Aragon 11 June 1509 – 23 May 1533 (annulment) 1 surviving daughter, others stillborn or briefly-lived Anne Boleyn 25 January 1533 – 17 May 1536 (annulment) 1 daughter Jane Seymour 30 May 1536 – 24 October 1537 1 son Anne of Cleves 6 January 1540 – 9 July 1540 (annulment) no children Catherine Howard 28 July 1540 – 23 November 1541 no children Catherine Parr 12 July 1543 no children |
28 January 1547 Whitehall Palace, London aged 55 | |
Henry succeeded as Henry VIII in 1509 upon his father's death and the title of duke merged with the crown. |
Fourth creation, 1605
Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
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Charles Stuart 1605–1625[9] also: Duke of Albany (1600); Prince of Wales (1616), Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay (1612) |
19 November 1600 Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline son of James I and Anne of Denmark |
Henrietta Maria of France 13 June 1625 9 children |
30 January 1649 Whitehall Palace, London aged 48 | |
Charles succeeded as Charles I in 1625 upon his father's death and the title of duke merged with the crown. |
Fifth creation, 1633/1644
James was styled Duke of York from birth and officially created as such in 1644.
Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
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James Stuart 1633/1644–1685[10] also: Duke of Albany (1660), Earl of Ulster (1659) |
14 October 1633 |
Anne Hyde 3 September 1660 8 children Mary of Modena 21 November 1673 7 children |
16 September 1701 Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Paris aged 67 | |
James succeeded as James II in 1685 upon his brother's death and the title of duke merged with the crown. |
Jacobite creation, 1725
Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
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Henry Benedict Stuart 1725–1788[10] also: Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church (1747), Dean of the College of Cardinals (1803) |
6 March 1725 Palazzo Muti Rome Papal States son of "James III and VIII" (Jacobite Pretender) and Maria Clementina Sobieska |
____ | 13 July 1807 Frascati, Rome aged 82 | |
Henry succeeded his brother as Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland in 1788, calling himself "Henry IX", but was not recognized in Britain as a Duke, let alone as King. |
Sixth creation, 1892
Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
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George Frederick Ernest Albert House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 1892–1910 also: Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney (1892); Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall, and Duke of Rothesay (1901) |
3 June 1865 Marlborough House son of Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark |
Mary of Teck 6 July 1893 6 children |
20 January 1936 Sandringham House, Sandringham aged 70 | |
George succeeded as George V in 1910 upon his father's death and the title of duke merged with the crown. |
Seventh creation, 1920
Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
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Albert Frederick Arthur George House of Windsor 1920–1936[11] also: Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney (1920) |
14 December 1895 Sandringham House, Sandringham son of George V and Mary of Teck |
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon 26 April 1923 2 daughters |
6 February 1952 Sandringham House, Sandringham aged 56 | |
Albert succeeded as George VI in 1936 upon abdication and the title of duke merged with the crown. As Albert had no male issue, the title would have gone extinct in any case, even if he had not become king.
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Eighth creation, 1986
Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
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Andrew Albert Christian Edward House of Windsor 1986[12] also: Earl of Inverness and Baron Killyleagh (1986) |
19 February 1960 Buckingham Palace son of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh |
Sarah Ferguson 23 July 1986 – 30 May 1996 (divorce) 2 daughters |
– now 64 years, 64 days old | |
Prince Andrew has no male heirs and all his titles will become extinct on his death. |
Family trees
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Includes dukes of: , but only when royally.Non-royal dukes are not included; see Royal dukedoms in the United Kingdom.
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Places and things named after the dukes of York
Geographic features
Southern hemisphere
- Cape York Peninsula, Australia[13]
- Duke of York Island, Antarctica
- Duke of York Island, Papua New Guinea
- Duke of York Islands, Papua New Guinea
Canada
- Duke of York Archipelago, Canada
- Duke of York Bay, Canada
Political entities
Canada
- York, Upper Canada, now Toronto, Ontario[14]
- York County, New Brunswick, Canada[15]
United States
- New York, a U.S. state[16]
- New York City, the largest city in the state of New York.[16]
Schools
- Duke of York's Royal Military School, Dover, Kent, United Kingdom
- Nairobi, Kenya, renamed Lenana School after Kenya attained independence in 1963.
Pubs
- Duke of York, Bloomsbury
- Duke of York Inn, Elton
- The Duke of York, Fitzrovia
- Duke of York, Ganwick Corner
Ships
- HMS Duke of York (1763), a 4-gun cutter purchased in 1763 and sold in 1776
- HMS Duke of York (17), a King George V-class battleship launched in 1940, and broken up in 1958
- Hired armed cutter Duke of York
- Hired armed lugger Duke of York
- TSS Duke of York (1894)
- TSS Duke of York (1935)
Railroad Equipment
- Duke of York was one of the GWR 3031 Class locomotives that were built for and run on the Great Western Railway between 1891 and 1915.
Military Music
There is also military march titled Duke of York which is used as an inspection piece or slow march. It is in 4/4 time, D Major with a form of AABBCCDD. Gordon Ashman in 1991 maintains that the melody was composed in 1805, soon after the Duke of York became Colonel of the Grenadier Guards, and notes it is still in use today as a regimental slow-march. James Merryweather however, researched the melody and found it was composed by John Gamidge in 1789, to be played by the York Waits. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hU0PqAZLeew [17]
See also
- Duke of Albany
- Duke of York and Albany
- Earl of Inverness, a subsidiary title of the current creation
- Baron Killyleagh, a subsidiary title of the current creation
- surviving legitimate descendant of James II, his grandfather, he died without issue in 1807.
References
- ^ "New York". Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006. Archived from the original on 28 October 2009. Retrieved 24 February 2007.
- ^ "James II". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
- ^ Miller, 44–45
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica Edmund of Langley First Duke of York
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica Edward of Norwich Second Duke of York
- ^ English Monarchs
- ^ BBC Edward IV
- ISBN 0300071582.
- ^ Gregg, Pauline (1981), King Charles I, London: Dent
- ^ a b Callow, John, The Making of King James II: The Formative Years of a King, Sutton Publishing, Ltd, Stroud, Gloucestershire, 2000. Page
- ^ "Page 6313 | Supplement 31931, 4 June 1920 | London Gazette | the Gazette".
- ^ "Page 1 | Supplement 50606, 23 July 1986 | London Gazette | the Gazette".–present
- ^ "Cape York". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
- ^ Scadding, Henry (1873). Toronto of old: collections and recollections illustrative of the early settlement and social life of the capital of Ontario. Toronto, ON.: Adam, Stevenson & Co. p. 21. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
- ^ "York County". Where is Home? New Brunswick Communities Past and Present. Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
- ^ a b "New York Under The Duke of York". Empire State History. Archived from the original on 3 January 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
- ^ "The Duke of York March". YouTube.
Sources
- Miller, John (2000). James II, 3rd ed. ISBN 0-300-08728-4.
External links
- The Duke of York at the Royal Family website