Ecuador–Spain relations
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Ecuador–Spain relations are the current and historical relations between Ecuador and Spain. Both nations are members of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language and the Organization of Ibero-American States.
History
Spanish colonization
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Ecuador and Spain share a long history since the arrival of the first Spanish conquistadores led by
In 1534, Spanish conquistadores, Sebastián de Belalcázar and Diego de Almagro founded the city of San Francisco de Quito in honor of Francisco Pizarro which was built on top of the ruins of the secondary Inca capital.[3] In 1542, the Viceroyalty of Peru was created and the territory of Ecuador was governed from its capital in Lima and administered through the Real Audiencia of Quito. In 1717, the Viceroyalty of New Granada was created with its capital in Bogotá and Ecuador was governed under the new viceroyalty.
Independence
On 10 August 1809, Ecuador was the first country in Spanish America to declare independence soon after Napoleon’s invasion of Spain in 1808.[4] The independence movement became known as the Luz de América. Immediately, the criollo rebels of Ecuador lacked the anticipated support for their cause and they returned power back to the crown authorities who became brutal and punished the rebels severely.
In 1822, armies led by Simón Bolívar and Antonio José de Sucre arrived to Ecuador and fought Spanish troops at the Battle of Pichincha near Quito which secured Ecuador's independence.[4] Ecuador soon became part of the Gran Colombia along with Colombia, Venezuela and Panama. Ecuador became an independent nation in May 1830.
Post independence
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In 1840, Ecuador and Spain established diplomatic relations with the signing of a Treaty of Peace and Friendship between both nations.[5] In 1866, Ecuador declared war against Spain during the Chincha Islands War which also involved Bolivia, Chile and Peru.[5]
In 1936, Ecuadorian writer
Migration
In 2013, there were 456,000 Ecuadorian citizens living in Spain.
Bilateral relations
Over the years, several agreements and treaties have been signed by both nations such as an Agreement on Dual-Citizenship (1964); Agreement on Technical Cooperation (1971); Tourism Agreement (1971); Air Transportation Agreement (1974); Agreement on Cultural Cooperation (1974); Agreement on Atomic Energy Cooperation for Peaceful Purposes (1977); Extradition Treaty (1989); Agreement on the avoidance of Double-Taxation (1991); Agreement on Migration (2001); Agreement on the Recognition of Driver's License's issued by both nations (2003) and an Agreement on the participation of citizens who legally reside in either Ecuador or Spain to participate in local elections (2009).[11]
Transportation
There are direct flights between both nations with Air Europa and Iberia.
Trade
In 2017, trade between Ecuador and Spain totaled €256 million Euros. Ecuador's main exports to Spain include: canned tuna, shrimp, flowers, frozen fish and bananas. Spain's main exports to Ecuador include: capital goods and industrial inputs; frozen fish and consumer goods.[11] In 2016, Spanish investments in Ecuador totaled US$626 million.[11] Spanish multinational companies such as Repsol, Mapfre and Telefónica operate in Ecuador.
Resident diplomatic missions
- Ecuador has an embassy in Madrid and consulates-general in Alicante, Barcelona, Málaga, Murcia, Palma de Mallorca and Valencia.[12]
- Spain has an embassy in Quito and a consulate-general in Guayaquil.[13]
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Embassy of Ecuador in Madrid
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Consulate-General of Ecuador in Barcelona
See also
References
- ^ Pizarro Executes Last Inca Emperor
- ^ Pizarro and Atahualpa: The Curse of the Lost Inca Gold
- ^ Fundación de Quito (in Spanish)
- ^ a b Encyclopedia Britannica: Ecuador
- ^ a b Ruptura y Reconciliación. España y el Reconocimiento de las Independencias Latinoamericanas (in Spanish)
- ^ Ecuador en la guerra civil Española (in Spanish)
- ^ Los Reyes visitarán durante dos días las islas Galápagos (in Spanish)
- ^ Ecuador: From Mass Emigration to Return Migration?
- ^ Los motivos de los españoles para emigrar a Ecuador (in Spanish)
- ^ La nueva emigración de españoles a Ecuador (in Spanish)
- ^ a b c Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Ecuador (in Spanish)
- ^ "Embassy of Ecuador in Spain (in Spanish)". Archived from the original on 2018-12-10. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
- ^ "Embassy of Spain in Ecuador (in Spanish)". Archived from the original on 2018-12-06. Retrieved 2017-06-15.