Eisenhower baseball controversy
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The Eisenhower baseball controversy refers to the allegations that the former
Controversy
While at the academy, Eisenhower played college football for West Point. This would not be an issue except that in order to play college football, one must have never played a sport for money, because doing so causes forfeiture of an athlete's amateur status. If Eisenhower did in fact play baseball for money, it would have been in violation of the Cadet Honor Code. One source contends that Eisenhower even signed a voucher claiming that he had never played sports for money.[1] The Eisenhower Presidential Library claimed in an e-mail that "We do not have any documentation as to whether Ike signed a voucher when he arrived at West Point. It would be interesting to see if West Point required this in 1911."[citation needed]
Cadet Honor Code
The Cadet Honor Code, formalized in the 1920s, states simply that:
A Cadet will not lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate those who do.[2]
Though Eisenhower graduated in 1915, before the formalization of the Honor Code, playing amateur football while having formerly been a professional athlete would constitute either lying, cheating, or both. In the early, informal, sometimes characterized as vigilante justice, phase of the Honor System, it is unclear if Eisenhower would have graduated to become an officer in the United States Army.[3][citation needed]
Eisenhower's love for baseball
Eisenhower long had aspirations of being a professional baseball player. He is quoted as saying:
When I was a small boy in Kansas, a friend of mine and I went fishing and as we sat there in the warmth of the summer afternoon on a river bank, we talked about what we wanted to do when we grew up. I told him that I wanted to be a real major league baseball player, a genuine professional like Honus Wagner. My friend said that he'd like to be President of the United States. Neither of us got our wish.[4]
At West Point, Eisenhower tried out for the baseball team but did not make it. He would later be quoted as saying, "Not making the baseball team at West Point was one of the greatest disappointments of my life, maybe my greatest."[4]
Evidence
The evidence that exists on the subject of Eisenhower's playing semi-pro baseball consists of quotes and later statements which can be contradictory. In June 1945 during his homecoming trip to the United States at the end of
I was a center fielder. I went into baseball deliberately to make money, and with no idea of making it a career. I wanted to go to college that fall, and we didn't have money. But I wasn't a very good center fielder, and didn't do too well at it.
The Eisenhower Foundation biography includes that "he may or may have not played semi-professional baseball" upon a summer return to Abilene after his sophomore term in 1913.[5]
Eisenhower never made it clear what years he played ball and for what teams. His naval aide's wartime diary, My Three Years with Eisenhower: The Personal Diary of Captain Harry C. Butcher, USNR (Simon & Schuster, 1946), mentions that during the war General Eisenhower told his staff and colleagues stories about playing semi-pro baseball.
Eisenhower's early biographer, Kenneth S. Davis (Soldier of Democracy, Doubleday, 1945), relates that it was common for temporary "town teams" to be organized to play teams from other towns and that players would split up the gate money at the end of the game. Quite often this would amount to only a few dollars per player.
After his election as president in 1952 there was renewed interest in Eisenhower's sports activities, and he received numerous inquiries regarding his having played semi-pro baseball. The president and his staff either ignored these inquiries or outright denied such activities.[citation needed]
Notes
- ^ Geek Trivia: Out at first, but ruled safe
- ^ "Bugle Notes: Learn This!". West Point Military Academy. Archived from the original on September 13, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
- ^ Koetting, Thomas B. (June 28, 1992). "Eisenhower Was a Real 'Pro' Even in College". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
- ^ a b c "President Dwight D. Eisenhower Baseball Related Quotations". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
- ^ "Abilene Years". Eisenhower Foundation. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
- ^ "Businessman Charles Wheatley dies". December 12, 1982. Retrieved June 6, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "1911 Junction City Soldiers Statistics". baseball-reference.com. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
- ^ "Wilson Minor Leagues Statistics & History". baseball-reference.com. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
References
Most of this article is based on research conducted by and reproduced with permission from the Eisenhower Presidential Library.
- Other media
Frank Sinatra relays the story of "Wilson" on "The Bill Stern Sports Newsreel 07/09/48" (available from Radio Spirits in the CD collection "60 Greatest Old-Time Radio Shows Starring Frank Sinatra And Friends")