Supreme Allied Commander Europe

Supreme Allied Commander Europe
North Atlantic Treaty Organization Allied Command Operations (Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe)
Abbreviation	SACEUR
Reports to	North Atlantic Council, through NATO Military Committee
Residence	Chateau Gendebien
Seat	Casteau, Mons, Belgium
Nominator	President of the United States, with Senate advice and consent
Appointer	North Atlantic Council
Formation	2 April 1951
First holder	General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower
Website	shape.nato.int

The Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) is the commander of the

(SACT), titularly equal, but whose duties are less operational. SACT, in Norfolk, Virginia, has responsibility for capability development rather than operations.

SACEUR has always been held by a

.

The current SACEUR is General Alexus G. Grynkewich of the US Air Force.

Dwight Eisenhower

in front of the flag of SHAPE on 8 October 1951

Since 2003 the Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) has also served as the head of Allied Command Europe and the head of Allied Command Operations. The officeholders have been:^[3]

No.	Portrait	Supreme Allied Commander	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Defence branch
1		Eisenhower, DwightGeneral of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890–1969)	2 April 1951	30 May 1952	1 year, 58 days	United States Army
2		Ridgway, MatthewGeneral Matthew Ridgway (1895–1993)	30 May 1952	11 July 1953	1 year, 42 days	United States Army
3		Gruenther, AlfredGeneral Alfred Gruenther (1899–1983)	11 July 1953	20 November 1956	3 years, 132 days	United States Army
4		Norstad, LaurisGeneral Lauris Norstad (1907–1988)	20 November 1956	1 January 1963	6 years, 42 days	United States Air Force
5		Lemnitzer, LymanGeneral Lyman Lemnitzer (1899–1988)	1 January 1963	1 July 1969	6 years, 181 days	United States Army
6		Goodpaster, AndrewGeneral Andrew Goodpaster (1915–2005)	1 July 1969	15 December 1974	5 years, 167 days	United States Army
7		Haig, AlexanderGeneral Alexander M. Haig Jr. (1924–2010)	15 December 1974	1 July 1979	4 years, 198 days	United States Army
8		Rogers, BernardGeneral Bernard W. Rogers (1921–2008)	1 July 1979	26 June 1987	7 years, 360 days	United States Army
9		Galvin, JohnGeneral John Galvin (1929–2015)	26 June 1987	23 June 1992	4 years, 363 days	United States Army
10		Shalikashvili, JohnGeneral John Shalikashvili (1936–2011)	23 June 1992	22 October 1993	1 year, 121 days	United States Army
11		Joulwan, GeorgeGeneral George Joulwan (born 1939)	22 October 1993	11 July 1997	3 years, 262 days	United States Army
12		Clark, WesleyGeneral Wesley Clark (born 1944)	11 July 1997	3 May 2000	2 years, 297 days	United States Army
13		Ralston, JosephGeneral Joseph Ralston (born 1943)	3 May 2000	17 January 2003	2 years, 259 days	United States Air Force
14		Jones, JamesGeneral James L. Jones (born 1943)	17 January 2003	7 December 2006	3 years, 324 days	United States Marine Corps
15		Craddock, BantzGeneral Bantz J. Craddock (born 1949)	7 December 2006	2 July 2009	2 years, 207 days	United States Army
16		Stavridis, JamesAdmiral James G. Stavridis (born 1955)	2 July 2009	13 May 2013	3 years, 315 days	United States Navy
17		Breedlove, PhilipGeneral Philip M. Breedlove (born 1955)	13 May 2013	4 May 2016	2 years, 357 days	United States Air Force
18		Scaparrotti, CurtisGeneral Curtis Scaparrotti (born 1956)	4 May 2016	3 May 2019	2 years, 364 days	United States Army
19		Wolters, Tod D.General Tod D. Wolters (born 1960)	3 May 2019	4 July 2022	3 years, 62 days	United States Air Force
20		Cavoli, Christopher G.General Christopher G. Cavoli (born c. 1965)	4 July 2022	4 July 2025	3 years, 0 days	United States Army
21	Alexus G. Grynkewich (born 1971)	4 July 2025	Incumbent	5 days	United States Air Force

The position of Deputy Supreme Allied Command Europe (DSACEUR) has been known as Deputy Head of Allied Command Operations since 2003. From January 1978 until June 1993 there were two DSACEURs, one British and one German. From July 1993 this reverted to a single DSACEUR. With a small number of exceptions who were German military officers, DSACEUR is normally a British military officer. The officeholders have been as follows:

Single DSACEUR (April 1951 – January 1978)

No.	Portrait	Deputy Supreme Allied Commander	Start of term	End of term	Branch	Unit of Commission
1.		Field Marshal DL	2 April 1951	23 September 1958	British Army	Royal Warwickshire Regiment
2.		General KBE DSO MC	23 September 1958	22 September 1960	British Army	Worcestershire Regiment
3.		General DSO*	22 September 1960	1 January 1964	British Army	Royal Welch Fusiliers
4.		Marshal of the Royal Air Force DL	1 January 1964	1 March 1967	Royal Air Force	N/A
5.		General DSO*	1 March 1967	1 December 1970	British Army	Duke of Wellington's (West Riding) Regiment
6.		General GCVO DSO MBE MC	1 December 1970	12 November 1973	British Army	1st The Royal Dragoons
7.		General DSO*	12 November 1973	12 March 1976	British Army	Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry
8.		General DL	12 March 1976	3 January 1978 (As solo DSACEUR)	British Army	Royal Artillery

Two DSACEURs (January 1978 until June 1993)

British								German
No.	Portrait	Deputy Supreme Allied Commander	Term	Branch	Unit of Commission	Start of term	End of term	No.	Portrait	Deputy Supreme Allied Commander	Term	Branch
8.		General DL	3 January 1978 - 2 November 1978 (As Co-DSACEUR)	British Army	Royal Artillery	3 January 1978	2 November 1978	9.		General Gerd Schmückle	3 January 1978 - 1 April 1980	German Army	-
10.		General OBE MC	2 November 1978 - 9 April 1981	British Army	2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays)	2 November 1978	1 April 1980
						1 April 1980	9 April 1981	11.		Admiral Günter Luther	1 April 1980 - 1 April 1982	German Navy	Naval aviation
12.		Air Chief Marshal GCB AFC	9 April 1981 - 16 July 1984	Royal Air Force	Royal Air Force Regiment (anti-aircraft artillery)	9 April 1981	1 April 1982
						1 April 1982	2 April 1984	13.		General Günter Kießling	1 April 1982	German Army
						2 April 1984	16 July 1984	14.		General Hans-Joachim Mack	2 April 1984 - 1 October 1987	German Army
15.		General OBE	16 July 1984	British Army	Royal Artillery	16 July 1984	26 June 1987
16.		General CBE	26 June 1987 - 17 January 1990	British Army	Northamptonshire Regiment	26 June 1987	1 October 1987
						1 October 1987	17 January 1990	17.		General Eberhard Eimler	1 October 1987 - 2 October 1990	German Air Force	N/A
18.		General CBE	17 January 1990 - 5 April 1993	British Army	4th Queen's Own Hussars	17 January 1990	2 October 1990
						2 October 1990	5 April 1993	19.		General Dieter Clauss	2 October 1990 - 1 July 1993	German Army	-
20.		General CBE	5 April 1993 - 1 July 1993 (As Co-DSACEUR)	British Army	Gloucestershire Regiment	5 April 1993	1 July 1993

Single DSACEUR (July 1993 – present)

No.	Portrait	Deputy Supreme Allied Commander	Start of term	End of term	Branch	Unit of Commission
20.		General CBE	1 July 1993 (As solo DSACEUR)	12 December 1994	British Army	Gloucestershire Regiment
21.		General DL	12 December 1994	30 November 1998	British Army	Queen's Own Highlanders
22.		General QGM	30 November 1998	17 September 2001	British Army	Parachute Regiment
23.		General Dieter Stöckmann	17 September 2001	18 September 2002	German Army	Panzergrenadier
24.		Admiral Rainer Feist	18 September 2002	1 October 2004	German Navy	N/A
25.		General CBE	1 October 2004	22 October 2007	British Army	Parachute Regiment
26.		General KStJ	22 October 2007	March 2011	British Army	Royal Anglian Regiment
27.		General CBE	March 2011	March 2014	British Army	14th/20th King's Hussars
28.		General OBE	March 2014	March 2017	British Army	14th/20th King's Hussars
29.		General CBE	March 2017	April 2020	British Army	17th/21st Lancers
30.		General OBE	April 2020	July 2023	British Army	The Light Infantry
31.		Admiral FRAeS	July 2023	Incumbent	Royal Navy	Fleet Air Arm

DSACEUR's role in European Union missions

Under the 2002 Berlin Plus agreement, SHAPE may take part in the European Union's (EU) command and control structure as an operational headquarters (OHQ) for EU missions. In such an instance, the Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe (DSACEUR), who is always a European, would serve as Operation Commander (OpCdr). This use of SHAPE by the EU is subject to a "right of first refusal", i.e. NATO must first decline to intervene in a given crisis,^[4][5] and is contingent upon unanimous approval among NATO states, including those outside of the EU.^[6]

• Supreme Allied Commander – most senior commander within certain multinational military alliances
• Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers – post-WW2 counterpart during the Allied Occupation of Japan
• Secretary General of NATO
• Chairman of the NATO Military Committee
• Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization – Warsaw Pact counterpart

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to NATO Supreme Allied Commanders.

• Official website