Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
EMB 110 Bandeirante
A EMB 110 with the Brazilian Air Force
Role Turboprop regional airliner
National origin Brazil
Manufacturer Embraer
Designer Max Holste
First flight 26 October 1968
Introduction 16 April 1973
Status Active
Primary users Brazilian Air Force
Wiggins Airways
Produced 1968–1990
Number built 503[1][unreliable source?]

The Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante (English: pioneer[2]) is a Brazilian twin-turboprop light transport aircraft designed by Embraer for military and civil use.

The EMB 110 was designed by the French engineer

Type certification was received from the Brazilian aviation authorities in late 1972, permitting its entry to service in April 1973 with the Brazilian airline company Transbrasil
.

Various customers in both the military and civilian sectors opted to procure the EMB 110 during its 22-year production run. Over one hundred examples would serve with the Brazilian Air Force, who would modernise numerous examples during the twenty-first century to permit their continued operation. The EMB 110, being customisable to suit various roles and operator requirements, was adapted for various specialist roles, including

aerial observation, maritime patrol, and search and rescue missions. During the 1970s, Embraer opted to design an enlarged derivative of the EMB 110, designated as the EMB 120 Brasilia; being faster, outfitted with a pressurized cabin
, and able to accommodate up to 30 passengers, Embraer opted to concentrate its resources on the new aircraft. As a result, production of the EMB 110 was terminated during 1990.

Design and development

Background

YC-95 first prototype (EMB-100) in Aerospace Museum, Rio de Janeiro

The origins of the EMB 110 Bandeirante can be traced back to the issuing of a directive by the

Brazilian Ministry of Aeronautics in 1965; this called for the production of a transport aircraft for both civilian and military operations that would be reliable and possess low operating costs.[4] It was to be equipped with turboprop engines, a low-mounted wing, and have sufficient capacity to accommodate eight personnel; these stipulations had been drawn from a study of Brazilian commercial air traffic, and aimed to produce an aircraft that would be well suited to the existing airport infrastructure of the country at that time. The resulting specification that had been generated under the IPD-6504 programme would greatly shape the future aircraft.[3][2]

Early work on what would become the EMB 110 actually predates the establishment of its manufacturer,

aeronautical engineer Ozires Silva, who would also play a key role in founding and running of Embraer. The company was created to undertake the aircraft's commercialisation and serial production.[5]

EMB 110A cockpit
EMB 110 cabin, operated by Air Rarotonga

On 26 October 1968, the first prototype, carrying the military designation YC-95, performed its maiden flight from São José dos Campos Airport.[6] Piloted by José Mariotto Ferreira and accompanied by flight engineer Michel Cury, it landed after roughly 50 minutes. Prior to this point, a total of 110,000 project hours had been worked, producing 12,000 manufacturing drawings, supported by 22,000 hours of structural and aerodynamic calculations; an estimated 282,000 hours of aircraft manufacturing and tooling has also been expended.[5] The prototype was officially presented before various civil and military officials along with members of the press at an event held four days later, during which its maiden flight was repeated.[5] The positive performance of the prototype led to production of the aircraft, and thus the establishment of Embraer, being approved in mid-1969; the newly created company would assume responsibility for its production on 2 January 1970.[2]

Redesign and quantity production

São Jose dos Campos

An additional pair of prototypes were constructed, which were designated EMB 100.[7][4] On 19 October 1969, the second prototype performed its first flight, while the third prototype followed on 29 June 1970. While these prototypes yielded positive test results, it was recognised that market conditions had shifted to the point where an eight-seat aircraft appeared to be less viable than it had previously appeared; thus, it was decided to quickly redesign the EMB 100 into the EMB 110 Bandeirante, which featured several technological advances along with greater capacity.[2]

In May 1970, the programme was bolstered by the Brazilian Air Force (FAB) deciding to issue Embraer with an initial order for 80 production aircraft.[2] Near the end of 1972, the Bandeirante received its Brazilian airworthiness certificate.[8] On 9 February 1973, the first delivery was made to FAB.[8][9]

In a typical configuration, the EMB 110 seated between 15 and 21 passengers, and was flown by a pair of pilots.[4] Various configurations and customisations were possible in order to suit customers' diverse requirements and operating conditions. The EMB 110P1A/41 model, which was furnished with 18 seats, had a length of 15.1 meters, a height of 4.92 meters, and a wingspan of 15.33 meters.[4] It has a maximum cruising speed of 411 km/h (222 knots), while its more economical cruising speed was 341 km/h (184 knots), at which speed an effective range of 1,964 km (1,060 NM) can be achieved even while retaining reserve fuels for another 45 minutes of flight. The EMB 110 has a service ceiling of 21,490 feet.[4]

During the 1970s, Embraer opted to build on the success of the EMB 110 by designing an enlarged derivative of the aircraft, designated as the EMB 120 Brasilia; beyond being large enough to accommodate up to 30 passengers, it was also faster and furnished with a pressurized cabin.[4] All further development of the EMB 110 was halted by Embraer during the 1980s in order to concentrate its resources on the further development and production of the newer EMB 120 instead.

Operational history

EMB 110 registration G-TABS, operated by Skydrift, loading through the large cargo door.[10]

Between 1968 and 1990, Embraer constructed a total of 494 aircraft in numerous configurations for a variety of roles. The

budget airline Ryanair in 1985 was 15-seat EMB 110; the airline continued to operate the type up until 1989.[4] By October 2018, 50 years after its first flight and 498 deliveries, about 150 EMB 110s were still operating at airlines, air taxis, government entities, and air forces around the world.[11] Production of the type came to an end in 1990, the EMB 110 having been superseded by the Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia
, a derived successor.

Embraer EMB-111 patrol aircraft
EMB-110P1 air ambulance, operated by the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) on regular routes and schedules from 1979 to 1982

During February 1973, deliveries of the type commenced to the Brazilian Air Force.[8] A pair of EMB 111A Patrulha maritime patrol aircraft were leased to the Argentine Navy during the Falklands War, acting as a stop-gap measure between the retirement of the service's last Lockheed SP-2H Neptune and the introduction of modified Lockheed L-188 Electras.[12] On 15 December 2010, the Brazilian Air Force flew its first upgraded EMB 110, which had been equipped with modern avionics equipment. Designated as C/P-95, the aircraft has had several new systems installed by Israeli firm Elbit Systems' Brazilian subsidiary, Aeroeletronica. At the time, the Brazilian Air Force had an active fleet of 96 EMB 110s.[13] In 2017, the Brazilian Air Force was reportedly operating 48 EMB 110s.[14]

Variants

  • YC-95 or EMB 100 – Prototype, powered by two 550 shp (410 kW) Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-20 turboprop engines. Three built.[15]
  • EMB 110 Initial production version, powered by 680 shp (507 kW) PT6A-27 engines – Twelve seat military transport for the Brazilian Air Force, who designate it the C-95. 60 built.[15]
  • EMB 110A – Radio calibration version for the Brazilian Air Force (EC-95). Three built.[15]
  • EC-95B – Calibration version for the Brazilian Air Force.
  • EMB 110B – Aerial survey, aerial photography version. Seven built, six as R-95 for the Brazilian Air Force.[15]
  • EMB 110C – The first commercial model, similar to C-95, a 15-seat passenger version.[15]
  • EMB 110C(N) – Three navalised EMB 110Cs sold to the Chilean Navy.[15]
  • EMB 110E Executive version of EMB 110C. Six to eight seats.[15]
    • EMB 110E(J) Modified version of EMB 110E.[15]
  • EMB 110K Stretched version with 0.85 m (2 ft 9½ in) fuselage plug and 750 shp (560 kW) PT6A-34 engines and fitted with ventral fin.[15]
    • EMB 110K1 – Cargo transport version for the Brazilian Air Force, with cargo door in rear fuselage. 20 built, designated C-95A.[15]
  • EMB 110P Dedicated commuter version of EMB 110C for Brazilian airlines, powered by PT6A-27 or -34 engines.[15]
  • EMB 110P1 – Quick change civil cargo/passenger transport version based on EMB 110K1, with same rear cargo door.[15]
  • EMB 110P2 – Dedicated civil passenger version of EMB 110P1, without cargo door.[15]
  • EMB 111A Patrulha – Maritime patrol version for the Brazilian Air Force. The aircraft also has the Brazilian Air Force designation P-95 Bandeirulha.[16]
  • P-95B – Improved EMB 111, with more advanced avionics and strengthened structure. Ten built for Brazilian Air Force.[17]
  • EMB 111AN – Six maritime patrol aircraft sold to the Chilean Navy.
  • C-95B – Quick change cargo/passenger version for the Brazilian Air Force.
  • EMB 110P1 SAR – Search and rescue version.
  • EMB 110P/A – 18 seat passenger version, intended for export.
  • EMB 110P1/A – Mixed passenger/freight version with enlarged cargo door.
  • EMB 110P1/41 – Cargo/passenger transport aircraft.
  • EMB 110P1K/110K – Military version.
  • C-95C – The Brazilian Air Force version of the EMB 110P2.
  • EMB 110P2
  • EMB 110P2/A – Modifications for airline commuter role, seating up to 21 passengers.
  • EMB 110P2/41 – 21-seat pressurised commuter airliner.
  • EMB 110S1 – Geophysical survey version.
  • SC-95 – Search and rescue version for the Brazilian Air Force.
  • XC-95 – Rain research version for the Brazilian Air Force.
  • C/P-95 – Updated version with modernised avionics.[13]

Operators

Main article: List of Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante operators

In 2020, 39 Bandeirantes were still in airline service with 15 operators, 31 in North/South America, 1 in Africa and 7 in Asia Pacific & Middle East.[18] The main operators are:

Specifications (EMB 110P1A/41)

A Bandeirante with its PT6A engine uncovered

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89[19]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Capacity: 18 passengers
  • Length: 15.1 m (49 ft 6 in)
  • Wingspan: 15.33 m (50 ft 4 in)
  • Height: 4.92 m (16 ft 2 in)
  • Wing area: 29.1 m2 (313 sq ft)
  • Airfoil: root: NACA 23016 mod.; tip: NACA 23012[20]
  • Empty weight: 3,590 kg (7,915 lb) empty equipped - passengers
3,393 kg (7,480 lb) empty equipped - cargo
  • Max takeoff weight: 5,900 kg (13,007 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 1,308 kg (2,884 lb) / 1,720 L (450 US gal; 380 imp gal) in four integral wing tanks
  • Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-34 turboprop engines, 559 kW (750 hp) each
  • Propellers: 3-bladed Hartzell HC-B3TN-3C/T10178H-8R, 2.36 m (7 ft 9 in) diameter fully-feathering reversible-pitch constant-speed propellers

Performance

  • Cruise speed: 411 km/h (255 mph, 222 kn) maximum at 2,440 m (8,005 ft)
  • Economical cruise speed: 341 km/h (212 mph; 184 kn) at 3,050 m (10,007 ft)
  • Range: 1,964 km (1,220 mi, 1,060 nmi) econ. cruise + 45 min reserve
  • Service ceiling: 6,550 m (21,490 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 8.333 m/s (1,640.4 ft/min)
1.8833 m/s (6 ft/s) on single engine
  • Take-off run: 807 m (2,648 ft) (FAR23.135 / SFAR 41A)
  • Landing run: 868 m (2,848 ft) at MLW

Incidents and accidents

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

Citations

  1. ^ "Embraer EMB-110 production list". howmany.travel.
  2. ^ a b c d e "EMB 100 Bandeirante". Embraer. Archived from the original on 4 January 2015. The moniker was symbolically loaded, harking back to the idea of the Bandeirantes (trailblazers) as pioneers of national integration.
  3. ^ a b c Air International April 1978, pp. 163–164.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Hardiman, Jake (14 September 2021). "The Turboprop Embraer 110 - A Look At Ryanair's First Aircraft". simpleflying.com.
  5. ^ a b c "Embraer celebrates 50 years of the Bandeirante". businessairnews.com. 5 November 2018.
  6. ^ Air International April 1978, p. 164.
  7. ^ "EMB 100 Bandeirante". Embraer Historical Center. Archived from the original on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  8. ^ a b c Air International April 1978, p. 165.
  9. ^ "EMB 110 Bandeirante". Embraer Historical Center. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  10. ^ "G-TABS". Planespotters. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
  11. ^ Trautvetter, Chad (26 October 2018). "Embraer's Bandeirante Marks Golden Jubilee of Flight". AIN online. Archived from the original on 27 October 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  12. ^ "PDF book: Historia de la Aviación Naval Argentina" (in Spanish). trackerenmalvinas.com.ar. Archived from the original on 17 May 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2009.
  13. ^ a b Hoyle, Craig (15 December 2010). "PICTURES: Brazil flies first upgraded EMB-110 Bandeirante". Flightglobal.
  14. ^ "World air forces". Flight Global. 2017. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Air International April 1978, p. 170.
  16. ^ "Bandeirulha" is a nickname – junction of the names "Bandeirante" and "Patrulha" (Patrol).
  17. ^ Lambert 1991, p. 10.
  18. ^ "World Airliner Census". Flight Global. 2020. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  19. ISBN 0-7106-0867-5
    .
  20. ^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  21. ^ "Accident description PP-SBE". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  22. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2
    .
  23. ^ "Accident description PT-TBD". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  24. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2
    .
  25. ^ "Accident description FAB-2169". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
  26. ^ "Accident description FAB-2157". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
  27. ^ "Accident description CX-BJE/T584". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  28. ^ "Accident description PT-GKW". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
  29. ^ "Accident description PT-SBB". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  30. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2
    .
  31. ^ "Accident description PT-GLB". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
  32. ^ "Report No: 6/1983. Report on the accident to Embraer Bandeirante, G-OAIR at Hatton near Pcterhead, Scotland on 6 November 1982" (PDF). AAIB. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  33. ^ "Accident description PP-SBH". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 21 June 2010. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
  34. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2
    .
  35. ^ "Accident description PT-GJZ". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  36. ^ "Accident description PT-GKL". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  37. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2
    .
  38. ^ "Accident description PP-SBC". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
  39. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2
    .
  40. ^ "Accident description PT-GJN". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
  41. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2
    .
  42. ^ "Accident description PT-GKA". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
  43. ^ "Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302". Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  44. ^ "Accident Synopsis » 03011988[usurped]," Airdisaster.com
  45. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Embraer EMB-110P1 Bandeirante ZS-LGP Germiston, c. 13 km SW of Johannesburg International Airport (JNB'". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  46. ^ "Aircraft accident Embraer EMB-110P1 Bandeirante N65DA Lawton Municipal Airport, OK". Aviation Safety Network.
  47. ^ "Onnettomuustutkintakeskus – 2/1988". Archived from the original on 29 May 2008. Retrieved 24 May 2008.
  48. ^ "Accident description PT-FAW". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  49. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Embraer EMB-110P1 Bandeirante N731A Narsarsuaq". aviation-safety.net.
  50. ^ "Accident description PT-SCU". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  51. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2
    .
  52. ^ "Accident description PT-TBB". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
  53. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2
    .
  54. ^ "Accident description". Air Safety Network. Archived from the original on 10 March 2005.
  55. ^ "Accident description FAB-2290". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  56. ^ "AAIB Report No: 2/1996". UK AAIB. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  57. ^ "EMB-110, G-OEAA". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2007.
  58. ^ "PMP Simple EMB-110". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 1 March 2010. Retrieved 13 February 2010.
  59. ^ "Accident description PT-WAV". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
  60. ^ "Accident description FAB-7102". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
  61. ^ "Accident description FAB-2292". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
  62. ^ "Embraer vai ajudar nas investigações sobre acidente no AM". Estado de S. Paulo. Archived from the original on 12 February 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  63. ^ "Queda de avião no Brasil faz 24 mortos". Publico.pt. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 8 February 2009.
  64. ^ "SA pilots die as 'Batman' plane crashes". Archived from the original on 4 July 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
  65. ^ Accident: LeAir E110 at Nassau
  66. ^ "Avião cai no Amazonas e mata 14 pessoas, diz Defesa Civil". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2023-09-16. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Embraer EMB 110.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Embraer_EMB_110_Bandeirante&oldid=1199660518"