Emperor Go-Sai
Emperor Go-Sai 後西天皇 | |||||
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Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Tokugawa shogunate | |||||
Died | March 26, 1685 Tokugawa shogunate (Japan) | (aged 47)||||
Burial | |||||
Spouse | Akiko | ||||
Issue | See below | ||||
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House | Yamato | ||||
Father | Emperor Go-Mizunoo | ||||
Mother | Kushige (Fujiwara) Takako |
Nagahito (
Go-Sai's reign spanned the years from 1655 through 1663.[3]
This 17th-century sovereign was named after the 9th-century
Genealogy
Before Go-Sai's accession to the
He was the eighth son of
were his older half-siblings.Emperor Go-Sai's Imperial family lived with him in the Dairi of the Heian Palace. This family included at least 16 sons and 17 daughters, none of whom would ascend to the throne.[5]
- Nyōgo: Princess Akiko (明子女王; 1638–1680) later Myokichijou’in (妙吉祥院), Imperial Prince Takamatsu-no-miya Yoshihito's daughter
- First daughter: Imperial Princess Tomoko (1654–1686; 誠子内親王)
- First son: Imperial Prince Hachijō-no-miya Osahito (1655–1675; 八条宮長仁親王) – fourth Hachijō-no-miya, Hachijō-no-miya Yasuhito's adopted son
- Lady-in-waiting: Seikanji Tomoko (d.1695; 清閑寺共子), Seikanji Tomotsuna's daughter
- Second son: Imperial Prince Arisugawa-no-miya Yukihito (1656–1695; 有栖川宮幸仁親王) – 3rd Arisugawa-no-miya
- Second daughter: Second Princess (Onna-Ni-no-miya, 1657–1658; 女二宮)
- Third daughter: Princess Sōei (1658–1721; 宗栄女王)
- Fourth daughter: Princess Sonsyū (1661–1722; 尊秀女王)
- Fourth son: Imperial Prince Priest Gien (1662–1706; 義延法親王)
- Sixth daughter: Princess Enkōin (1663; 円光院宮)
- Fifth son: Imperial Prince Priest Tenshin (1664–1690; 天真法親王)
- Seventh daughter: Princess Kaya (1666–1675; 賀陽宮)
- Tenth daughter: Imperial Princess Mashiko (1669–1738; 益子内親王) married Kujo Sukezane
- Eleventh daughter: Princess Rihō (1672–1745; 理豊女王)
- Thirteenth daughter: Princess Zuikō (1674–1706; 瑞光女王)
- Consort: Iwakura Tomoki's Daughter
- Third son: Imperial Prince Priest Eigo (1659–1676; 永悟法親王)
- Consort: Ukyō-no-Tsubone (右京局), Tominokōji Yorinao's Daughter
- Fifth daughter: Princess Tsune (1661–1665; 常宮)
- Consort: Umenokōji Sadako (梅小路定子), Umenokōji Sadanori's adopted daughter and Kōgenji Tomohide's daughter
- Eighth daughter: Princess Kaku (1667–1668; 香久宮)
- Ninth daughter: Princess Syō'an (1668–1712; 聖安女王)
- Sixth son: Imperial Prince Priest Kōben (1669–1716; 公弁法親王)
- Seventh son: Imperial Prince Priest Dōyū (1670–1691; 道祐法親王)
- Eighth son: Imperial Prince Hachijō-no-miya Naohito (1671–1689; 八条宮尚仁親王) – fifth Hachijō-no-miya
- Twelfth daughter: Princess Mitsu (1672–1677; 満宮)
- Fourteenth daughter: Princess Sonkō (1675–1719; 尊杲女王)
- Fifteenth daughter: Princess Sonsyō (1676–1703; 尊勝女王)
- Eleventh son: Imperial Prince Priest Ryō'ou (1678–1708; 良応法親王)
- Sixteenth daughter: Ryougetsuin (1679; 涼月院) (there is still doubt about birth mother)
- Consort: Azechi-no-tsubone (按察使局, Takatsuji Toyonaga's Daughter
- Ninth son: Imperial Prince Priest Sondō (道尊法親王) (1676–1705; Buddhist Priest)
- Consort: Matsuki Atsuko (松木条子), Matsuki Muneatsu's Daughter
- Tenth son: Prince Roei’in (槿栄院宮; 1677)
- Sixteenth son: Imperial prince Satohito, later Emperor Reigen
Events of Go-Sai's life
Nagahito-shinnō became emperor when his emperor-brother died. This death left the throne vacant and the succession (senso) was received by the new monarch. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Go-Sai is considered to have acceded to the throne (sokui).[6] The events during his lifetime shed light on his reign. The years of Go-Sai's reign correspond with a period in which Tokugawa Ietsuna was the leader at the pinnacle of the Tokugawa shogunate.
Go-Sai married the daughter of the first Takamatsu-no-miya Yoshihito (高松宮好仁親王); and he succeeded as second Takamatsu-no-miya. Then this Imperial prince became the emperor as a temporary measure until his younger brother, Imperial Prince Satohito (識仁親王, Satohito-shinnō) could grow older.
- January 1, 1638: The birth of an Imperial prince who will become known by the posthumous name of Go-Sai-tennō.[7]
- January 5, 1655: The death of Go-Kōmyō caused the succession (senso) to be passed to his brother; and when the succession (senso) was received, the reign of Emperor Go-Sai was deemed to commence.[7]
- 1655 (Meireki 1): The new ambassador of Korea, arrived in Japan.[3]
- March 2–3, 1657 (Meireki 3, 18–19th days of the 1st month): Great Fire of Meireki: The city of Edo was devastated by a violent fire.[2]
- 1659 (Manji 5): In Edo, construction begins on the Ryōgoku Bridge (ryōgokubashi).[3]
- 1661 (Gekū at Yamada was seriously damaged by fire.[2]
- March 20, 1662 (Kanbun 2, 1st day of the 2nd month): There was a violent earthquake in Kyoto which destroyed the tomb of the Taiko, Toyotomi Hideyoshi.[3]
- 1662 (Kanbun 2): Emperor Gosai ordered Tosa Hiromichi 土佐広通 (1561–1633), a Tosa-school disciple, to adopt the name Sumiyoshi (probably in reference to a 13th-century painter, Sumiyoshi Keinin 住吉慶忍), upon assuming a position as official painter for the Sumiyoshi Taisha 住吉大社).[8]
- March 5, 1663 (Kanbun 3, 26th day of the 1st month): Emperor Go-Sai abdicated,[7] which meant that the Prince Satohito received the succession (senso). Shortly thereafter, Emperor Reigen formally acceded to the throne (sokui).[9]
After abdicating, Go-sai put his heart into scholarship and he left behind many books, including the "Water and Sun Collection" (Suinichishū, 水日集). He was talented in waka; and he had a profound understanding of the classics.
During his reign, because of great fires at the Grand
- March 26, 1685 (Jōkyō 2, 22nd day of the 2nd month): Former-Emperor Go-Sai died;[7] and a great comet was observed crossing the night sky.[10]
Emperor Go-Sai is enshrined in the imperial mausoleum, Tsuki no wa no misasagi, at Sennyū-ji in Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto. Also enshrined are Go-Sai's immediate predecessors, Emperor Go-Mizunoo, Empress Meishō and Go-Kōmyō. Go-Sai's immediate Imperial successors, including Reigen, Higashiyama, Nakamikado, Sakuramachi, Momozono, Go-Sakuramachi and Go-Momozono, are enshrined here as well.[11]
At the Kitano Shrine, a tablet over the Chu-mon entryway reads tenmangu in the calligraphy of Emperor Go-sai.[12]
Kugyō
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Go-Sai's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:
- Kampaku, Nijō Mitsuhira, 1653–1663
- Sadaijin
- Udaijin
- Naidaijin
- Dainagon
Eras of Go-Sai-tennō's reign
The years of Go-Sai's reign are more specifically identified by more than one
Ancestry
Ancestors of Emperor Go-Sai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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See also
- Emperor of Japan
- List of Emperors of Japan
- Imperial cult
References
- ^ "-天皇陵-後西天皇 月輪陵(ごさいてんのう つきのわのみささぎ))". www.kunaicho.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-04-27.
- ^ a b c d e Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, pp. 116.
- ^ a b c d e f Rin-siyo, Siyun-zai (1834). Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon (in French). Oriental Translation Fund. p. 413.
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 9.
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 116.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 413. A distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami – see Varley, H. Paul. (1980).Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 44.
- ^ a b c d Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1999). Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo-Zeit, p. 186.
- ^ "JAANUS / Sumiyoshiha 住吉派". www.aisf.or.jp.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 414.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 415.
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 423.
- ^ Martin, John. (2002). Kyoto: A Cultural Guide to Japan's Ancient Imperial City, pp. 287–288.
- ^ "Genealogy". Reichsarchiv (in Japanese). 30 April 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
- Martin, John H. and Phyllis G. Martin. (2002). Kyoto: A Cultural Guide to Japan's Ancient Imperial City. Tokyo:
- Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1999). Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo-Zeit: unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Jahre 1846 bis 1867. Münster: LIT Verlag.
- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
External links
- National Museum of Japanese History – see example of Emperor Go-sai's calligraphy