Emperor Antoku

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Emperor Antoku
安徳天皇
Emperor of Japan
ReignMarch 18, 1180 – April 25, 1185
CoronationMay 18, 1180
PredecessorTakakura
SuccessorGo-Toba
BornDecember 22, 1178
DiedApril 25, 1185(1185-04-25) (aged 6)
Dan-no-ura, Kanmon Straits, Japan
Burial
Amida-ji no Misasagi (阿弥陀寺陵) (Shimonoseki)
Posthumous name
Chinese-style shigō:
Emperor Antoku (安徳天皇)
HouseYamato
FatherEmperor Takakura
MotherTaira no Tokuko

Emperor Antoku (安徳天皇, Antoku-tennō, December 22, 1178 – April 25, 1185) was the 81st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1180 through 1185.[1]

During this time, the Imperial family was involved in a bitter struggle between warring clans. Minamoto no Yoritomo with his cousin Minamoto no Yoshinaka, led a force from the Minamoto clan against the Taira, who controlled the emperor. During the climactic sea Battle of Dan-no-ura in April 1185, Antoku's grandmother Taira no Tokiko took him and plunged with him into the water in the Shimonoseki Straits, drowning the child emperor rather than allowing him to be captured by the opposing forces.

This clash of clans led to numerous legends and tales. The story of Emperor Antoku and his mother's family became the subject of the

epic poem The Tale of the Heike (Heike is an alternative reading of the Japanese characters for "House of the Taira"). Antoku's tomb is said to be located in a number of places around western Japan, including the island of Iwo Jima, a result of the spreading of legends about the emperor and the battle.[2]

Genealogy

Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his imina)[3] was Tokohito-shinnō (言仁親王).[4] He was also known as Kotohito-shinnō.[5]

His father was

Kenrei-mon In
).

Events of Antoku's life

Antoku was named

sesshō
(regent).

  • 1180 (Jishō 4, 21st day of the 4th month): In the 12th year of Takakura-tennō's reign (高倉天皇十二年), the emperor was forced to abdicate; and the succession (senso) was received by his infant son, the grandson of Taira Kiyomori. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Antoku is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).[6]

In the year of his enthronement, the capital was moved to modern-day

Kōbe, Hyōgo, but it was soon moved back to Heian-kyō
.

  • 1183 (Juei 2, 20th day of the 8th month): Go-Toba is proclaimed emperor by the Minamoto; and consequently, there were two proclaimed emperors, one living in Heian-kyō and another in flight towards the south.[7]

In 1183, when

Kagawa
). Being defeated in ensuing battle, they fled westward.

The Taira were defeated. Antoku's grandmother, Taira no Tokiko, Kiyomori's widow, drowned herself along with the young emperor. His mother also drowned herself, but apparently, according to The Tale of the Heike (Heike Monogatari), she was pulled out with a rake by her long hair.

According to Yoshitsune's dispatch, the sacred seal was found, but the

sacred treasures.[9]

Kugyō

Meiji
eras.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Antoku's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:

Memorial site

After his drowning, in order to mourn the body and placate any restless spirits, the

Fukuoka
, and he came to be worshipped as Mizu-no-kami (水の神, lit. "water-god" or "god of water"), the god of easy delivery at Suitengū (水天宮, lit. "water-heaven/emperor-shrine") everywhere.

With the establishment of

Yamaguchi prefecture
to celebrate Antoku.

The Imperial Household Agency designates Amida-ji no misasagi (阿彌陀寺陵) near Akama Shrine in Shimonoseki as Antoku's tomb.[11]

Eras of Antoku's reign

The years of Antoku's reign are more specifically identified by more than one

nengō.[12]

Ancestry

Popular culture

See also

Notes

Japanese Imperial kamon – a stylized chrysanthemum blossom
  1. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 200–207; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 333–334; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. pp. 214–215.
  2. ISBN 978-1-60413-435-3
    .
  3. ^ Brown, pp. 264; n.b., up until the time of Emperor Jomei, the personal names of the emperors (their imina) were very long and people did not generally use them. The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.
  4. ^ Brown, p. 333; Varley, p. 214.
  5. ^ Titsingh, p. 200.
  6. ^ Titsingh, p. 200; Brown, p. 333; Varley, p. 44; n.b., a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.
  7. ^ Titsingh, p. 207.
  8. ^ Kitagawa, Hiroshi et al. (1975). The Tale of the Heike, p. 787; Titsingh, pp. 211–212.
  9. ISBN 0804705232
    .
  10. ^ a b Brown, p. 333.
  11. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 422; n.b., although Ponsonby-Fane indicates that the official shrine was in Kyoto in the 1930s, the credible, but unsourced text at the bottom of this article explains that the current location of the shrine is in Shimonoseki.
  12. ^ Titsingh, pp. 200–207; Brown, pp. 333–334.
  13. ^ "Genealogy". Reichsarchiv (in Japanese). 30 April 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2018.

References

Regnal titles
Preceded by
Tennō
:
Antoku
1180–1185 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Antoku&oldid=1220406453"