Euclid Avenue (Cleveland)

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Coordinates: 41°30′14″N 81°36′42″W / 41.504007°N 81.611555°W / 41.504007; -81.611555
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Euclid Avenue
US 322 in University Circle
US 6 in East Cleveland
US 6 / SR 84 in Euclid
I-90 in Wickliffe
East end US 20 / SR 174 in Willoughby
Construction
Commissioned1815
Sylvester T. Everett mansion on Euclid Avenue (since demolished), designed by Charles F. Schweinfurth

Euclid Avenue is a major

U.S. Route 6. The HealthLine bus rapid transit line runs in designated bus lanes in the median of Euclid Avenue from Public Square to Louis Stokes Station at Windermere
in East Cleveland.

It received nationwide attention from the 1860s to the 1920s for its beauty and wealth, including a string of mansions that came to be known as Millionaires' Row. There are several theaters, banks, and churches along Euclid, as well as Cleveland's oldest extant building, the Dunham Tavern. It can be reached through the Healthline.

Millionaires' Row

Homes on Euclid Avenue's "Millionaire's Row" (south side of Euclid Avenue), circa 1870
Homes on Euclid Avenue's "Millionaire's Row" (south side of Euclid Avenue), circa 1870
Advertising postcard (pre-1906) for the R&L Electric Car taken in front of the Leonard Hanna mansion on Euclid Avenue
Advertising postcard (pre-1906) for the R&L Electric Car, taken in front of the Leonard Hanna mansion on Euclid Avenue

In the second half of the 19th century and early in the 20th century, Euclid Avenue was internationally known.

Fifth Avenue in the late 19th century. Accounts at the time compared it to the Avenue des Champs-Élysées in Paris and the Unter den Linden in Berlin.[2]

Euclid Avenue was an elegant showcase for Cleveland's wealthy citizens, who built their high, grand mansions high on a ridge overlooking Lake Erie. Set two to five acres back from the avenue, which was paved with Medina sandstone, the mansions seemed to float amid spacious, landscaped grounds.[3]

Families living along "

Millionaires' Row" included those of John D. Rockefeller (during the period, 1868–84),[3] Sylvester T. Everett, Isaac N. Pennock I (inventor of the first steel railway car in the US), arc light inventor Charles F. Brush, George Worthington, Horace Weddell, Marcus Hanna, Ambrose Swasey, Amasa Stone, John Hay (personal secretary to Abraham Lincoln and Secretary of State under William McKinley), Jeptha Wade (Cleveland benefactor and founder of Western Union Telegraph), Samuel Augustus Fuller (steel industrialist), Alfred Atmore Pope (iron industrialist and art collector), Charles E.J. Lang (automobile industrialist), Worthy S. Streator (railroad baron, coal mine developer, and founder of the city of Streator, Illinois), Mary Corinne Quintrell (clubwoman), and Charles Lathrop Pack. Euclid Avenue's most infamous resident was con artist Cassie Chadwick, the wife of Leroy Chadwick, who was unaware that his wife was passing herself off to bankers as the illegitimate daughter of steel magnate Andrew Carnegie
.

Architect Charles F. Schweinfurth designed at least 15 mansions on the street. Samuel Mather's Mansion, built around 1910, "was among the last" to be built on Euclid Avenue.[4] The Mather Mansion remains as part of Cleveland State University, but most of the homes were later demolished.

Christmas shoppers on Euclid Ave. and Ontario St. in the 1950s

Growth of commercial district and decline of Millionaires' Row

Charles Lathrop Pack is credited with at least part of the development of Euclid Avenue, on which he lived from about 1888 to the early years of the 20th century, into a thriving business district. According to Eyle, "In 1913, an article about Charles reported that 'inside of ten years...the [one-story, commercial buildings that he had developed at the lower end of Euclid Avenue] have disappeared. In their stead are skyscrapers, great retail establishments, magnificent banks, and a hotel that cost $2,000,000. Much of the land is owned by Mr. Pack and is leased for long periods. He helped to organize the companies which erected the buildings. It is said that his rentals, out of which not a penny is subtracted for taxes or anything else, amount to $100,000 a year."[5]

As Cleveland's commercial district began to push eastward along Euclid Avenue, families moved east towards University Circle. However, southeast of University Circle, the topography of the area rises sharply into what is referred to as "The Heights", and the development of Cleveland Heights and Shaker Heights, along with more efficient means of travel, became more attractive than the increasingly commercialized Euclid Avenue.

By the 1920s, the former "Millionaires' Row" was in decline. During the

a new arena in suburban Richfield Township
.

Playhouse Square faces Euclid Avenue.

Legacies and redevelopment

Eight houses from the era remain on Euclid, including the Samuel Mather and Howe mansions owned and used by Cleveland State University. One of the most recent to be demolished was the Lyman Treadway Mansion, which served as part of the Cleveland Museum of Health from the 1930s until it was razed in 2002 for a new museum building.

The Euclid Avenue Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

On August 5, 1914, the American Traffic Signal Company installed a traffic signal system on the corner of East 105th Street and Euclid Avenue, the first traffic light installed in the United States.[6][7]

Theaters of Playhouse Square

Main article:
Playhouse Square Center

In their 1949 musical

Palace Theater
.

Recent events

Euclid Avenue during the construction of the Euclid Corridor project

In April 2006, parts of Euclid Avenue were closed to traffic for the filming of a scene from the film Spider-Man 3. No major stars were on location, but the filming drew thousands of gawkers. Most of the filming involved explosions and destroyed cars, with hired extras walking the sidewalks. The sections of the street that were closed off were redressed to resemble a city street in New York City, complete with magazine stands and poster-covered walls.[8]

The

Red Line rapid transit route. The refurbishing also entailed development – as of November 2009, more than $3.3 billion worth of completed or proposed urban renewal projects lined the street and surrounding area.[9]

Route designations

Euclid Avenue, originally known as part of the Buffalo Stage Road,[10] has carried various route designations throughout history:

Landmarks on Euclid

Public Square

East 4th Street District

Nine-Twelve District

The Hickox Building in 1920. Demolished in 1946, the building was located at Euclid and East 9th (today the location of the PNC Center).

East 12th

East 14th St.

GE Chandelier soon after installation in 2014
  • The ideastream Idea Center (studios for PBS affiliate WVIZ, NPR affiliate WKSU, and classical music WCLV)
  • Wyndham Hotel
  • U.S. Bank Centre
  • GE Chandelier, world's largest outdoor chandelier[32][33]

Playhouse Square

East 17th-East 24th St.

Cleveland State University Campus

  • CSU School of Communication
  • CSU Student Center
  • CSU Main Library/Rhodes Tower
  • Main Classrooms
  • CSU Science Building

East 30th St.

  • WEWS-TV[40][41]
  • Cuyahoga Board of Elections
  • Applied Industrial Technologies
  • Karpinski Engineering

Midtown East 55th St.

East 105th St.

See also

Notes

  • Eyle, Alexandra. 1992. Charles Lathrop Pack: Timberman, Forest Conservationist, and Pioneer in Forest Education. Syracuse, NY: ESF College Foundation, Inc., and College of Environmental Science and Forestry. Distributed by Syracuse University Press. Available: books
  • Wilson, Ella G. 1932. Famous Old Euclid Ave. Cleveland.

References

  1. ^ Google (August 5, 2015). "Euclid Avenue" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
  2. ^ Theiss, Evelyn (2011-04-03). "The Stockbridge in Cleveland has been sitting proudly on Euclid since the days of Millionaires' Row". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  3. ^ a b Eyle, p. 39
  4. ^ Eyle, p. 40
  5. ^ Morrow, James B. January 5, 1913. "No sentiment, just plain common sense made him the first active worker for forest conservation", Sunday Plain Dealer, editorial and drama section. Quoted in Eyle, p. 40
  6. OCLC 278619
    .
  7. ^ "New Traffic Signal Installed". The Motorist. Ken Pub. Co: 28–29. August 1914.
  8. ^ Ewinger, James (2006-04-17). "Spidey's web to make Euclid Ave., E. 9th sticky". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
  9. ^ Jarboe, Michelle (2009-11-29). "Cleveland's Euclid corridor project has paved the way to economic development". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved 2009-11-30.
  10. ^ DeMarco, Laura (July 27, 2009). "More on Cleveland walking tours and history". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  11. ^ Ohio State Highway Department (June 1918). Highway Map of Ohio (PDF) (Map). 1:500,000. Columbus: Ohio State Highway Department. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  12. ^ Ohio State Highway Department (July 1919). Highway Map of Ohio Showing Conditions for Travel (PDF) (Map). 1:506,880. Columbus: Ohio State Highway Department. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  13. ^ Ohio Department of Highways and Public Works (April 1922). Map of Ohio State Highways Showing All Improved Roadways and Indicating System Constructed Under Administration of Gov. Harry L. Davis (PDF) (Map). c. 1:563,200. Columbus: Ohio Department of Highways and Public Works. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  14. ^ Ohio Department of Highways and Public Works (July 1923). Map of Ohio Showing State Routes (PDF) (Map). 1:760,320. Columbus: Ohio Department of Highways and Public Works. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  15. OCLC 5673562
    . Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  16. ^
    OCLC 5673562
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  17. OCLC 5673562
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  18. OCLC 5673562, 7231737
    . Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  19. OCLC 5673562, 7231704
    . Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  20. OCLC 5673562, 54667348
    . Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  21. OCLC 5673562
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  25. OCLC 5673562, 7444249
    . Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  26. Crain's Cleveland Business
    . Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  27. ^ Perkins, Olivera (June 3, 2011). "New sign on Public Square: Huntington Bank regional headquarters". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland, Ohio. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  28. ^ McFee, Michelle Jarboe (June 22, 2011). "200 Public Square skyscraper for sale in downtown Cleveland". Cleveland.com. Advance Publications. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  29. ^ Dave Davis (April 6, 2011). "Gifts to renovate Soldiers and Sailors Monument sit in bank while county awaits repayment". The Plain Dealer. cleveland.com. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  30. ^ "Arcade". Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  31. ^ "East 4th & Arcades". clevelandgatewaydistrict.com. Archived from the original on September 26, 2015. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  32. ^ Cindi, Szymanski (January 14, 2014). "PlayhouseSquare Announces GE Lighting as Major Supporter of Neighborhood Transformation and Exclusive Chandelier Sponsor" (PDF) (Press release). PlayhouseSquare. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 3, 2014. Retrieved May 3, 2014.
  33. ^ Simakis, Andrea (May 2, 2014). "Chandelierious! Dazzle the District Lights the Way to New Era for Playhouse Square". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved May 3, 2014.
  34. ^ "Innerbelt Freeway". 'Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  35. ^ "Cleveland Restoration Society: About Us - Contact Us". www.clevelandrestoration.org. Archived from the original on 2018-05-17. Retrieved 2018-05-16.
  36. ^ "CLEVELAND-MARSHALL LAW SCHOOL". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
  37. ^ Earnest, G. Brooks (1974). History of Fenn College. Cleveland, Ohio: The Fenn Educational Fund of the Cleveland Foundation. pp. 718 (total).
  38. ^ "History". Trinity Cathedral. Archived from the original on September 19, 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2015.|work=trinitycleveland.org|publisher=Trinity Cathedral
  39. ^ "The Edge on Euclid".
  40. ^ "NewsChannel5's first 60 years". WEWS-TV. E. W. Scripps Company. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
  41. ^ "WEWS (Channel 5)". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved September 2, 2015.

Further reading

Cigliano, Jan (1991). Showplace of America: Cleveland's Euclid Avenue, 1850-1910. Kent, Ohio:

ISBN 0-87338-445-8
.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Euclid Avenue.

41°30′14″N 81°36′42″W / 41.504007°N 81.611555°W / 41.504007; -81.611555

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