Eulimnadia texana

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Eulimnadia texana
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Branchiopoda
Order:
Spinicaudata
Family: Limnadiidae
Genus: Eulimnadia
Species:
E. texana
Binomial name
Eulimnadia texana
(Packard, 1871)[1]
Synonyms

Limnadia texana Packard, 1871

Eulimnadia texana, the Texas clam shrimp or desert shrimp, is a species belonging to the Limnadiidae family.[2]

It is endemic to North America. It is an arid land specialist, living for many years as a cyst and bursting into life at the arrival of rains, maturing rapidly in temporary pools and producing eggs that can remain dormant until the next rains occur, perhaps in many years time.

Description

Desert shrimps are sexually dimorphic. The males have their front two pairs of thoracic appendages modified into claws while the hermaphrodites have unmodified legs.[3]

Distribution and habitat

Desert shrimps live in ditches, ponds, pools, and other ephemeral freshwater habitats in northern Mexico and parts of the southern and southwestern United States, west of the Mississippi River.[3]

Biology

Individual shrimps are either male or

phylogenetic and paleontological evidence has shown that the practice has persisted in the genus Eulimnadia for 24 to 180 million years.[6] The shrimps are omnivores and filter feeders, able to feed on the algae and microorganisms that also make use of the revived pool.[3]

Life cycle

In the

nauplius larvae which hatch outgrow with great rapidity. They undergo metamorphosis and reach a reproductive size in four to seven days. Each hermaphrodite then produces clutches of up to 300 eggs once or twice a day. By the twelfth day of their lives, they may be 3 cm (1.2 in) long. During the course of their short lives, each may produce thousands of eggs. If time allows, several generations may occur. When the water evaporates and little remains of their pool, they dig a hole in the mud and bury their eggs as the water level falls. By the time the pool has dried, the shrimps are desiccated corpses. However, their eggs live on, waiting for the next rainstorm which may be decades away. During the intervening years, desert winds may carry away some of the eggs and a few may end up in locations where water accumulates after rain. This allows the shrimp to colonize new areas without traveling while active.[3][7]

Hermaphrodites live 25% to 50% longer than males in this species.[8]

References

  1. ^ "Eulimnadia texana (Packard, 1871)". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved May 22, 2013.
  2. ^ "Eulimnadia texana (Packard 1871) - Encyclopedia of Life". eol.org. Retrieved 2021-09-07.
  3. ^ a b c d "Images of Eulimnadia texana". 2002-08-02. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-05-18.
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