Factor XII deficiency

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Factor XII deficiency
Other namesHageman factor deficiency
SpecialtyHematology, medical genetics Edit this on Wikidata

Factor XII deficiency is a deficiency in the production of

coagulation cascade and activates factor XI. FXII appears to be not essential for blood clotting, as individuals with this condition are usually asymptomatic and form blood clots in vivo. FXII deficiency tends to be identified during presurgical laboratory screening for bleeding disorders.[1]

The condition can be inherited or acquired.[citation needed]

Symptoms and signs

While it is indicated that people with FXII deficiency are generally asymptomatic,

hemophilias: hemophilia A with a deficiency in factor VIII or antihemophilic globulin, hemophilia B with a deficiency in factor IX (Christmas disease), and hemophilia C with a deficiency in factor XI. Other rare forms of bleeding disorders are also in the differential diagnosis.[citation needed
]

There is concern that individuals with FXII deficiency are more prone to thrombophilic disease,[1] however, this is at variance with a long-term study from Switzerland.[4]

Causes

Inherited or congenital FXII deficiency is usually passed on by

autosomal recessive inheritance.[2] A person needs to inherit a defective gene from both parents. People who have only one defective gene are asymptomatic, but may have lower FXII levels and can pass the gene on to half their offspring.[citation needed
]

In persons with congenital FXII deficiency the condition is lifelong. People affected may want to alert other family members as they may also carry the gene. A 1994 study of 300 healthy blood donors found that 7 persons (2.3%) had FXII deficiencies with one subject having no detectable FXII (0.3%).[5] This study is at variance with estimates that only 1 in 1,000,000 people has the condition.[2]

The acquired form of FXII deficiency is seen in patients with the nephrotic syndrome, liver disease, sepsis and shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and other diseases.[1]

Diagnosis

The condition is diagnosed by blood tests in the laboratory when it is noted that special blood clotting test are abnormal. Specifically Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aptt) is prolonged.[2] The diagnosis is confirmed by an assay detecting very low or absent FXII levels.[citation needed]

The FXII (F12) gene is found on chromosome 5q33-qter.[2] In hereditary angioedema type III an increased activity of factor XII has been described.[6]

Treatment

In congenital FXII deficiency treatment is not necessary. In acquired FXII deficiency the underlying problem needs to be addressed.[citation needed]

History

The condition was first described in 1955 based by blood testing of a patient named John Hageman.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c Riley RS (April 2005). "Factor XII Deficiency" (PDF). Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 21, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Factor XII Deficiency". National Organization for Rare Disorders(NORD). Retrieved February 20, 2017.
  3. PMID 12969703
    .
  4. S2CID 37296883. Archived from the original
    on February 21, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
  5. S2CID 39576004
    .
  6. PMID 17186468
    .
  7. PMID 13299324
    .

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Factor_XII_deficiency&oldid=1216216759"