Fudai daimyō
Fudai daimyō (譜代大名) was a class of
Origins
Fudai daimyōs originated from the families and clans who had served the prominent Tokugawa clan before its rise to national primacy during the Azuchi–Momoyama period in the late Sengoku period, including the Honda, Sakai, Sakakibara, Ii, Itakura, and Mizuno clans. A number of other clans which were not retainers of the Tokugawa before the Azuchi–Momoyama period also came to be counted as fudai, such as the Ogasawara and the Doi. Honda Tadakatsu, Sakakibara Yasumasa, Sakai Tadatsugu, and Ii Naomasa — Tokugawa Ieyasu's "Four Great Generals" — were all pre-Edo period fudai who went on to become fudai daimyōs. In addition, some branches of the Matsudaira clan, from which the Tokugawa clan originated, were classed as fudai while allowed to retain the Matsudaira name.
Edo period (江戸時代)
The birth of the fudai daimyō class began as
Occasionally, a family could be raised to or from fudai status. For instance, the
Bakumatsu and Meiji Restoration
Many fudai daimyōs were involved in the vigorous political activity of the Bakumatsu, the gradual decline of the Tokugawa Shogunate from 1853, and the renewed military activities which occurred in that period. Two such men of fudai daimyō background were Ogasawara Nagamichi[5] and Itakura Katsukiyo,[6] who were two of the last rōjū, and actively worked for reform and strengthening of the ailing shogunate. Others, such as Matsudaira Munehide, were involved in diplomacy and foreign affairs.
In the
Most of the fudai in the country entered the Meiji era peacefully, and ruled their domains until abolition of the domains in 1871. After this, the former families of fudai daimyōs transitioned into the kazoku in the new Japanese nobility system.
Notes
- ^ Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric et al. (2005). "Fudai" in Japan encyclopedia, pp. 193–194., p. 193, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
- ^ Ooms, pp. 14–15
- ^ (in Japanese) "Takada-han" on Edo 300 HTML Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (14 March 2008)
- ^ (in Japanese) "Shirakawa-han" on Edo 300 HTML Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine (14 March 2008)
- ^ Ogasawara was from a daimyō family (the Ogasawara of the Karatsu Domain), but was not an actual daimyō
- ^ Itakura was lord of Bitchū-Matsuyama
- ^ Bolitho, p. 145.
- ^ (in Japanese) "Karatsu-han" (14 March 2008)
- ^ Yamakawa, Aizu Boshin Senshi, p. 505.
References
- Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge:
- Ooms, Herman (1975). Charismatic Bureaucrat. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- (in Japanese) "Karatsu-han" (14 March 2008)
- Yamakawa Kenjirō (1933). Aizu Boshin Senshi. Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai.
- (in Japanese) "Takada-han" on Edo 300 HTML Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (14 March 2008)
- (in Japanese) "Shirakawa-han" on Edo 300 HTML Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine (14 March 2008)