Gainsborough, Lincolnshire
Gainsborough | ||
---|---|---|
Shire county | ||
Region | ||
Country | England | |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom | |
Post town | GAINSBOROUGH | |
Postcode district | DN21 | |
Dialling code | 01427 | |
Police | Lincolnshire | |
Fire | Lincolnshire | |
Ambulance | East Midlands | |
UK Parliament | ||
Gainsborough is a market town,
History
King Alfred, Sweyn Forkbeard and Cnut the Great
The place-name Gainsborough first appears in the
In 868
Historically, Gainsborough is the "capital that never was". Towards the end of July 1013, the Dane
Cnut may have performed his unsuccessful attempt to turn the tide back in the River Trent at Gainsborough.[11] Historians[who?] believe he may have been demonstrating on the Trent Aegir, a tidal bore. He and his supporters may have known Gainsborough was the furthest reach of the aegir, and ideal for his demonstration. However, the story was only written down a century later by Henry of Huntingdon, who gives no location, and it may have been a myth or a fable.
Medieval Gainsborough
The Domesday Book (1086) records that Gainsborough was a community of
The Lindsey Survey of 1115–1118 records that Gainsborough was held by Nigel d'Aubigny, the forebear of the Mowbray family, whose interest in Gainsborough continued until at least the end of the 14th century.
A weekly market was granted by
Gainsborough Old Hall
English Civil War
The town was garrisoned for the
Parliament captured Gainsborough again on 18 December 1643, but had to withdraw in March 1644, razing the town's defences to prevent their use by the enemy. The Earl of Manchester's army passed through Gainsborough in May 1644 on its way to York and the Battle of Marston Moor.
After the Civil War ended in 1645, several people in Gainsborough were fined for Royalist sympathies, including Sir Willoughby Hickman, 1st Baronet at the Old Hall, who had been created the first Baronet of Gainsborough by Charles I in 1643.[12]
Churches
The first record of a church at Gainsborough is in 1180, when the rectory there was granted by Roger de Talebu to the great Preceptory of the Knights Templar in Lindsey, at Willoughton. In 1547, following the English Reformation, the parish of Gainsborough came under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Lincoln for the first time.
The medieval Church of All Saints fell into disrepair after the Civil War. In 1736 it was demolished to make way for a new parish church completed in 1748 in a mix of perpendicular
The town's rising 19th-century population called for a second church in the south of the town; Holy Trinity Church opened in 1843. This was followed by St John the Divine Church in Ashcroft Road in 1882, and St George's Church in Heapham Road in the 1950s. Holy Trinity closed in 1971 and is now the Trinity Arts Centre. St John the Divine church was closed in 2002 and it is now used for a cafe and community centre.
John Wesley, the founder of Methodism, preached in Gainsborough several times between 1759 and 1790. The town's first Methodist chapel opened in Church Lane in 1788, moving to a new site in North Street in 1804, and rebuilt there as St Stephen's in 1966. The Primitive Methodists set up in the town in 1819, with chapels in Spring Gardens (1838), Trinity Street (1877) and Ropery Road (1910). St Thomas's Church in Cross Street caters for the town's Roman Catholics.[7]
Second World War
Gainsborough suffered its only large-scale air raid of the war on the night of 10 May 1941. High-explosive bombs and incendiaries were dropped, but many fell harmlessly on the surrounding countryside. There was only minor damage in the town and no casualties.
On the night of 28–29 April 1942 a single
In the early hours of 5 March 1945 a single Junkers Ju 88 fighter/bomber made a low-level attack over the town, dropping anti-personnel bombs on Church Street and the surrounding residential area. Three people died and 50 houses were damaged.[15]
New town
There was a proposal to develop Gainsborough as a
Governance
The town was before 1974 in the
Sir Edward Leigh has been Gainsborough's Member of Parliament (MP) since 1983.
Oil
In July 1958, BP discovered oil at Corringham, then at Gainsborough in January 1959.[17]
Geography
The town is at the meeting point of the east–west
The civil parish extends south across rural land to Lea. The boundary passes to the south of Warren Wood, north of Lea Wood Farm, and along the northern edge of Lea Wood northwards through Bass Wood, where it meets Corringham, the main settlement to the east of Gainsborough. The boundary crosses Thorndike Way (A631) and briefly follows the B1433. At Belt Farm it meets Thonock, then follows The Belt Road, to the south of Gainsborough Golf Club, then down Thonock Hill to the edge of the Trent Valley.
George Eliot and The Mill on the Floss
In order to see Mr and Mrs Glegg at home, we must enter the town of St Ogg's, — that venerable town with the red
half-timberedbody with its oak-roofed banqueting-hall.
George Eliot, The Mill on the Floss, Book Sixth, Chapter XII.
Many scholars believe Gainsborough to be the basis for the fictional town of St Ogg's in George Eliot's The Mill on the Floss (1860). The novelist visited Gainsborough in 1859, staying in the house of a shipbuilder in Bridge Street, which survives today as the United Services Club. The stone bridge and the nearby willow tree are mentioned and the Old Hall is described in detail. Thomas Miller's Our Old Town published two years before, included the true story of a miller who loses a lawsuit after assaulting his adversary, and George Eliot used a similar story plot in The Mill on the Floss as the basis of the Tulliver/Wakem feud. It is also possible that she witnessed the Trent Aegir, which inspired the flood in her story's climax.[7][page needed]
Economy
Boiler-maker and ironworks
Gainsborough has a long history of industry. It was the manufacturing base of
Supermarkets
Tesco, on the corner of Trinity Street and Colville Terrace, demolished much of the works to create its store about twenty years ago. It had intended to replace their current store with a 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m2) Tesco Extra store on stilts, with parking beneath, but these plans were scrapped. Dransfield remodelled about 9 acres (3.6 ha) of the site to include a shopping area and a new heritage museum. The site Marshall's Yard opened during Easter 2007, with additional shops opening after that.
There is a
Packaging
Another area of Gainsborough industry is Rose Brothers,[18] named after William German Rose and Walter Rose, the co-founders. In 1893 William Rose invented the world's first packaging machine. Two years later it bought the Trentside Works site and started to expand into many other areas, producing items such as starch, razor blades and sweets such as Cadbury's chocolates, its name appearing on the Roses selection. The firm produced seaside rock-making machines, cigarette-making machines and bread-slicing and wrapping machines. When it closed, A. M. P. Rose bought the confectionery packaging side.[7] The Rose Brothers Ground hosted cricket matches.
By the east bank of the Trent near the railway bridge is a large mill owned by Kerry Ingredients (headquartered in Tralee).
Wigs, jokes and exhausts
Gainsborough is the home of two of the largest importers of
Another local business is
Landmarks
Beside Riverside Walk are Whitton's Mill flats, which won a Royal Town Planning Institute award for the East Midlands. Marshall's Yard also received an award, for regeneration.[20]
West Lindsey District Council had its offices at the Guildhall, Lord Street, but moved in January 2008 to a £4.3 million new-build in Marshall's Yard.[21]
Silver Street is home to many Gainsborough shops. Elswitha Hall is the birthplace of
A water tower in Heapham Road was built in 1897 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria.[22]
Transport
Railway
The town has two railway stations on different routes. The main station is
Where the railway crosses the Trent, the four lines come together at two junctions on either side of the river. The lines from Lincoln and Cleethorpes meet at East Trent Junction, east of the river.[23] Those from Sheffield and Doncaster meet at West Trent Junction on the opposite side in Nottinghamshire.
Buses
The town bus station in Hickmen Street has frequent services on Monday to Saturday, but no Sunday services. Most town routes are served by
Rivers
Gainsborough is claimed as the British port furthest inland.[24][25] It has had a long history of river shipping trade.
There is still one wharf, but ships no longer navigate this far up river. Commercial shipping remains further down the river at Gunness Wharf, Grove Wharf and Flixborough Wharf, which has direct rail links. This leads to some to argue that Goole, 23.7 miles (38.1 km) to the north of the town, is now the most inland port in the UK.[26][27]
At the A631 Trent Bridge, there was a ferry before 1787, a distance of 235 feet. The bridge was completed for £12,000 in the spring of 1791, but it meant that taller river traffic of the day could no longer go further upstream. Originally a toll bridge, it was bought by the Ministry of Transport, Lindsey County Council, Gainsborough Urban District and Nottinghamshire County Council for £130,000 in 1927 and declared toll-free on 31 March 1932.[7][page needed]
In the 1970s, the town council planned to build another bridge adjacent to the existing one on the North side and extend the Thorndike Way dual-carriageway across the river and join The Flood Road dual-carriageway. However, all of the funding for the project was given for the completion of the Humber Bridge.
Sport
The town is home to the semi-professional
Gainsborough Rugby Club (the All Blacks) has played Rugby Union in the town since 1924.
The town is home to the Gainsborough & Morton Striders Athletic Club, who in 2013 were awarded England Athletics' Run England National Group of the Year.[29] The club was founded in July 1983.[30]
There are several cycling clubs, including Trent Valley Road Club, Viking Velo and Gainsborough Aegir Cycling Club.
Media
Television signals are received from either the Belmont or Emley Moor TV transmitters.[31][32] Local radio stations are
Attractions
The house and grounds of Richmond Park, in the north of the town, opened as a public park in 1947; attractions include greenhouses, an aviary and a 600-year-old oak tree. Whitton Gardens on the Riverside opened in 1973.
Gainsborough Town Hall, which was built in 1892, is now an entertainment venue with seating for up to 150 people.[34]
Renovation of the town's river banks was completed in 2002, providing riverside access. On the second weekend in June in that year, the town hosted the Gainsborough Riverside Festival, an annual arts/heritage event that ran until 2013, when it fell to financial constraints.
Trinity Art Centre hosts live music, plays, comedy, and also screens films. There is a volunteer-run charity called Gainsborough Heritage Centre, with displays of a range of object from the town's past.
Education
Unlike most of the UK, Lincolnshire retains a
QEHS students earn outstanding GCSE and
The town has several primary schools.There are links beyond the town to the John Leggott Sixth Form College in Scunthorpe, North Lindsey College, and Lincoln College, which has a branch at Gainsborough College in Acland Street, focusing on vocational education.
Notable people
In birth order:
- Sweyn Forkbeard (died 1014), King of Denmark and England, died in Gainsborough.
- Simon Patrick (1626–1707), theologian and Bishop of Chichester[38]
- Willoughby Bertie, 4th Earl of Abingdon (1740–1799), peer and music patron[39]
- Thomas Mozley (1806–1893), clergyman and writer[38]
- Thomas Miller (1807–1874), author and poet[7][40][41]
- James Bowling Mozley (1813–1878), theologian[38]
- John Collingham Moore (1829–1880), portrait painter[7]
- Sir Halford Mackinder (1861–1947), geographer and explorer[7][42]
- George Cuckson (1878–1915), footballer[43][44]
- Dame Sybil Thorndike (1882–1976), actress[7][41][45]
- Frank Airey (born 1887), footballer with Gainsborough Trinity[46]
- Kathleen E. Carpenter (1891–1970), freshwater ecologist
- Rex Woods (1903–1987), artist and illustrator[7]
- Bill Podmore (1931–1994), TV producer, Coronation Street[47]
- Mervyn Winfield (1933–2014), Nottinghamshire cricketer[48]
- John Alderton (born 1940), actor, Upstairs Downstairs, Please Sir!, the original series of Fireman Sam[41]
- Susan Wakefield (1942–2022), New Zealand Tax expert, philanthropist[49]
- John Hargreaves (born 1944), England cricketer[50]
- Andy Dalby (born 1948), guitarist with Kingdom Come and Camel[51]
- Chris Mosdell (born 1949), lyricist with Yellow Magic Orchestra, Eric Clapton and Michael Jackson[52]
- Julia Deakin (born 1952), actress[53]
- Steve Housham (born 1976), footballer and manager[54]
International relations
Gainsborough is twinned with:
Arms
|
References
- Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
- ^ City Population. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
- ^ "Ports.org.uk/ Gainsborough". ports.org.uk. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
- ^ "Gainsborough's Port and River Memories". G & D H A. 24 April 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
- ^ "The Trent at Gainsborough". graville.com. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
- ^ Eilert Ekwall,The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names, p. 191.
- ^ ISBN 0860232697
- ISBN 0-7509-2131-5
- ^ a b J. Charles Cox (1916), Lincolnshire p. 133; Methuen & Co. Ltd. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
- ^ BBC article. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
- ^ "Viking Gainsborough: Former capital promotes Sweyn Forkbeard links". BBC. 25 December 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
- ISBN 0-902662-43-0
- ^ Monument to Richard Rollett at All Saints' Church, Gainsborough.
- ^ "New York Times 30 May 1897" (PDF).
- ^ Gainsborough Heritage Society Gainsborough at War 1939–1945.
- ^ Clyde Binfield, The History of the City of Sheffield, 1843–1993 p. 27 (1993).
- ^ "Oli Fields". Trent Vale. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
- ^ [1] Archived 5 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "About Us". Smiffys.com. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ "East Midlands". Royal Town Planning Institute.
- ^ "West Lindsey Marks Green Building Completion". Tenbees.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ Commemoration plaque beside the water tower
- ^ Whyles, Dafydd (Summer 2022). "LIFE INSIDE A BRITISH SIGNAL BOX". Railroad Heritage. Center for Railroad Photography & Art. pp. 24–35. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
- ISBN 978-1786480804.
- ^ "Gainsborough". The Logistics Institute Data Observatory. University of Hull. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
Labelled as Britain's most inland port...Nowadays, very few vessels sails as far up the River Trent as Gainsborough...
- ^ "Goole, East Yorkshire – Britain's most inland port". Yorkshire Life. Archant Community Media Ltd. 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
- ^ "Port of Goole". Invest Humber. Marketing Humber and Humber Local Enterprise Partnership. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
As the UK's most inland port, Goole is ideally situated for access to the country's transport infrastructure.
- ^ "Football Club History Database – Gainsborough United".
- ^ "Run England volunteers recognised at England Athletics Awards". Run Together. England Athletics. 21 October 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
Gainsborough & Morton Striders won Group of the Year.
- ^ "About The Club". Gainsborough & Morton Striders. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
- ^ "Belmont (Lincolnshire, England) Full Freeview transmitter". May 2004.
- ^ "Emley Moor (Kirklees, England) Full Freeview transmitter". May 2004.
- ^ "Trentside Radio Community Radio Supporting Gainsborough and surrounding communities". Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
- ^ "Room Hire". Th-exchange. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
- ^ Gurney-Read, Josie (26 August 2016). "GCSE results 2016: state school results". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
- ^ "Education | League Tables | Performance results for The Queen Elizabeth's High School, Gainsborough". BBC News. 13 January 2010. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ "The Queen Elizabeth's High School, Gainsborough". Gov.uk. Department for Education. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
- ^ a b c *public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gainsborough". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 389–390. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^ Derek McCulloch, "The Musical Œuvre of Willoughby Bertie, 4th Earl of Abingdon (1740–99)", Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle #33 (2000) [2].
- ^ Plaque near birthplace
- ^ a b c "Famous People from Gainsborough, Lincolnshire". www.visitoruk.com. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
- ^ plaque at birthplace
- ^ GH Cookson at the English National Football Archive (subscription required)
- ^ "CUCKSON, George Herbert". Lincs to the Past. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
- ^ "Who's Who in the Cinema", The Movie volume 13 p. 431. Orbis Publishing (1981)
- ISBN 1899468676.
- ^ "Obituary: Bill Podmore". The Independent. 25 January 1994.
- ^ "Mervyn Winfield". Cricinfo.
- ^ Susan Mary Wakefield, Death Notice, New Zealand Herald, 23 November 2022 (Retrieved 30 December 2022)
- ^ "John Hargreaves". Cricinfo.
- ^ "Images for Kingdom Come Arthur Brown* – Galactic Zoo Dossier". www.discogs.com.
- ^ P. Buckley (2003), The Rough Guide to Rock, Rough Guides, London, pp. 1200–1201.
- ^ "Gainsborough born actress who starred in Hot Fuzz and Shaun of the Dead to open Heritage Centre". www.gainsboroughstandard.co.uk.
- ^ "Steven Housham | Football Stats". www.soccerbase.com.
- ^ The Newsroom (19 July 2018). "Gainsborough students show off town's potential to German visitors". Gainsborough Standard. JPIMedia Publishing Ltd.
- ^ "East Midlands Region". Civic Heraldry of England. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
External links
- Town Council
- Official Gainsborough Old Hall Website Information on the hall, events and history
- Town history
- The churches
- Gainsborough Live Local News
- Gainsborough Standard newspaper Archived 5 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- Lincs FM – Local Commercial Radio Station