Gallium(II) selenide

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Gallium(II) selenide
Names
IUPAC name
Gallium selenide
Other names
Gallium monoselenide
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard
 100.031.523 Edit this at Wikidata
  • InChI=1S/Ga.Se checkY
    Key: QNWMNMIVDYETIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/Ga.Se/rGaSe/c1-2
    Key: QNWMNMIVDYETIG-IUSLTFDGAM
  • [Ga]=[Se]
Properties
GaSe
Molar mass 148.69 g/mol
Appearance brown solid
Density 5.03 g/cm3
Melting point 960 °C (1,760 °F; 1,230 K)
Band gap 2.1 eV (
indirect
)
2.6
Structure
hexagonal, hP8
P63/mmc, No. 194
Related compounds
Other anions
 Gallium(II) oxide, Gallium(II) sulfide, Gallium(II) telluride
Other cations
Zinc(II) selenide, Germanium monoselenide, Indium monoselenide
Related compounds
 Gallium(III) selenide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Gallium(II) selenide (

second harmonic generation crystal in nonlinear optics,[3] and has been used as a far-infrared conversion material[4] at 14–31 THz and above.[5]

Uses

It is said to have potential for optical applications

monochromatic
source of light, usually laser light, to a higher or lower wavelength of light that cannot be produced from a conventional laser source.

Several methods of frequency conversion using

carbon dioxide lasers. In optical parametric generation, the wavelength of light is doubled. Near-infrared solid-state lasers are usually used in optical parametric generations.[8]

One original problem with using gallium selenide in optics is that it is easily broken along cleavage lines and thus it can be hard to cut for practical application. It has been found, however, that

doping the crystals with indium greatly enhances their structural strength and makes their application much more practical.[7]
There remain, however, difficulties with crystal growth that must be overcome before gallium selenide crystals may become more widely used in optics.

Single layers of gallium selenide are dynamically stable two-dimensional semiconductors, in which the valence band has an inverted Mexican-hat shape, leading to a Lifshitz transition as the hole-doping is increased.[9]

The integration of gallium selenide into electronic devices has been hindered by its air sensitivity. Several approaches have been developed to encapsulate GaSe mono- and few-layers, leading to improved chemical stability and electronic mobility.[10][11][12]

Synthesis

Synthesis of GaSe nanoparticles is carried out by the reaction of GaMe3 with trioctylphosphine selenium (TOPSe) in a high temperature solution of trioctylphosphine (TOP) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO).[13]

GaMe3 + P[(CH2)7CH3]3Se → GaSe

A solution of 15 g TOPO and 5 mL TOP is heated to 150 °C overnight under nitrogen, removing any water that may be present in the original TOP solution. This initial TOP solution is vacuum distilled at 0.75 torr, taking the fraction from 204 °C to 235 °C. A TOPSe solution (12.5 mL TOP with 1.579 g TOPSe) is then added and the TOPO/TOP/TOPSe reaction mixture is heated to 278 °C. GaMe3 (0.8 mL) dissolved in 7.5 mL distilled TOP is then injected. After injection, the temperature drops to 254 °C before stabilizing in the range of 266–268 °C after 10 minutes. GaSe nanoparticles then begin to form, and may be detected by a shoulder in the optical absorption spectrum in the 400–450 nm range. After this shoulder is observed, the reaction mixture is left to cool to room temperature to prevent further reaction. After synthesis and cooling, the reaction vessel is opened and extraction of the GaSe nanoparticle solution is accomplished by addition of methanol. The distribution of nanoparticles between the polar (methanol) and non-polar (TOP) phases depends on experimental conditions. If the mixture is very dry, nanoparticles partition into the methanol phase. If the nanoparticles are exposed to air or water, however, the particles become uncharged and become partitioned into the non-polar TOP phase.[13]

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8
    .
  2. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.115.1159
    .
  3. PMID 19876154
    .
  4. doi:10.1016/S0960-8974(98)00013-8
    .
  5. ISBN 3-540-24110-8
    .
  6. doi:10.1063/1.2203965
    .
  7. ^
    doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2003.09.014
    .
  8. doi:10.1016/S0960-8974(98)00013-8
    .
  9. S2CID 59569448
    .
  10. S2CID 204884014
    .
  11. ISSN 2567-3165
    .
  12. ^ Arora, Himani (2020). "Charge transport in two-dimensional materials and their electronic applications" (PDF). Doctoral Dissertation. Retrieved July 1, 2021.
  13. ^
    doi:10.1021/nl015641m
    .

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gallium(II)_selenide&oldid=1177368158"