Gambuh

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Gambuh
Gambuh performance depicting an arya or nobleman
Native name
Instrument(s)Gamelan
InventorBalinese
OriginIndonesia
Three genres of traditional dance in Bali
Joged Bumbung, Barong Ket
)
Gambuh
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Gambuh (Balinese: ᬕᬫ᭄ᬩᬸᬄ) is an ancient form of Balinese dance-drama. It is accompanied by musicians in a gamelan gambuh ensemble.

History

Gambuh is one of the oldest surviving forms in Balinese performing arts,

arja opera.[4] For centuries it was supported by patronage at the royal courts of Bali's aristocracy, during which it achieved its greatest heights of sophistication. As the courts fell apart in the bloody wars with the Dutch, this support evaporated and much of the art of gambuh was lost. Like the many other arts that formerly depended on royal patronage, gambuh found some community support by playing for temple ceremonies.[1]

Gambuh is mainly preserved in one village, Batuan. In 1997, Susilo observed, "In total there are perhaps only four groups that perform in the Gambuh style."

Kawi language. Musicians are required to master the metre-long end-blown flutes. Performances are long and, unlike wayang shows, contain only small sections comic relief, making demands of potential audiences.[4]

Dramatic components

Combining dance, music, and acting, gambuh draws on the narrative material of the Malat, a long poem about the fictional Javanese prince,

Kawi, an old literary tongue, which is translated for the audience into contemporary Balinese by the characters of lower status.[1]

Gamelan gambuh

A complete gamelan gambuh requires approximately 17 musicians to accompany the dance-drama. The main instruments in gambuh performances are very low bamboo flutes, called suling gambuh, between 75 and 100 cm in length and 4 and 5 cm in diameter. There are usually four such flutes, but sometimes only as few as two or as many as six flutes are employed.[5] The suling gambuh play melodies along with a rebab while percussion instruments fill out the sound with a variety of timbres and rhythms: a medium-sized gong, a small gong called kajar, two kendang, a chime called klenang, a bell tree called gentorag, rincik (reminiscent of a ceng-ceng), a metallophone called kenyir, kangsi, and gumanak.[1][3] The last three of those instruments—the kenyir, kangsi, and gumanak—are not currently found in any other gamelan ensemble of Bali.[5]

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Dennis Kennedy, ed. (2003). "Gambuh". Oxford Encyclopedia of Theatre and Performance. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. p. 495.
  2. ^
    JSTOR 834127
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 0-945971-30-3
    . Page 20.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Emiko Susilo (1997). "Gambuh: A Dance-Drama of the Balinese Courts in Explorations in Southeast Asian Studies: A Journal of the Southeast Asian Studies Student Association, Vol 1, No. 2, Fall 1997". University of Hawaiʻi Southeast Asian Studies Student Association. Archived from the original on 2010-06-04. Retrieved 2011-04-27.
  5. ^ a b I Nyoman Rembang; I Wayan Sudiana; Tilman Seebass; Wayne Vitale (eds.). Music Gambuh Batuan dan Pedungan.
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