Theatre of Indonesia
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Theatre of Indonesia | |
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Wayang Wong performance | |
Types | Theatre |
Ancestor arts | Native Indonesians |
Originating culture | Indonesia |
Indonesian theatre is a type of
History
Theatre performances in
- Derived from local religious ceremonies. A narrative element is added to such ceremonies which eventually develop into theater performances. Although religious ceremonies have long been abandoned, this theater is still alive today.
- Derived from chants in honor of a hero at his grave. In this event, someone tells the story of the hero's life, which has been shown in the form of the theater.
- Derived from the human penchant for listening to stories. The story was later also made in the form of a theater (tales of hunting, heroism, war, etc.).
Type
In Indonesia, the types of theater can be divided into two forms of presentation. The two types of Indonesian theatre are known as Teater tradisional (Traditional Theatre) and Teater Modern (Non-Traditional Theatre).
Traditional theatre
Traditional theatre is often referred to as "Regional Theater" (Indonesian: Teater daerah). This traditional theatre is a form of theatre that is rooted, sourced and felt as belonging to the community in its environment. This theater processing is based on the taste of the supporting community. This traditional theater has specific regional characteristics and depicts the cultural form in its environment.
The main characteristics of Traditional Theatre are;
- Using local languages,
- There is an element of song and dance,
- Accompanied by tetabuhan (regional music),
- There is intimacy between the players and the audience
- Relaxed atmosphere.
Types of theater that can be categorized into traditional theater are; Folk Theater, Classical Theater, Transitional Theater.
Folk theatre
Folk theatre (Indonesian: Teater rakyat) is born spontaneously in people's lives, is lived and develops according to the development of the community. Folk theatre was born because of the people's need for entertainment, then it was increasingly used for other purposes such as the need to fill traditional ceremonies.
The types of folk theater that exist in the territory of Indonesia, including;
- Jakarta : Lenong, Topeng Betawi, Samrah .
- Banten : Debus, Ubrug.
- Wayang Purwa, Wayang beber, Wayang wong.
- .
- Topeng Cirebon, Sintren.
- Riau : Mendu, Bangsawan and Mak yong.
- West Sumatra : Bakaba, Randai.
- Kalimantan : Tatayungan, Mamanda, Topeng Banjar
- Bali : Arja, Topeng Cupak, Topeng Prembon.
- Sulawesi : Sinrilli.
Classical theatre
Classical theatre (
Classical theatre performance is no longer limited to folk theatre. Classical theater must comply with the ethical (politeness) and aesthetic (beauty values) rules that have been outlined.
Transition theatre
Transitional theatre (Indonesian: Teater transisi) is basically based on traditional theater as well, but the style of performance has already acquired western theatre influences. The influence of western theater can be seen in the way it is presented. Although this transitional theater is still not loyal to theater scripts, because it grows and develops in urban communities and is played by migrants, this theater does not fully reflect the aspirations of the community.
Included in the type of transitional theater in the early days, such as; Dardanella and the comedy skit Stambul. This kind of theater is more commonly called "Sandiwara". Meanwhile, the current transitional theater is; Bangsawan (South Sumatra and North Sumatra), Sandiwara sunda (West Java), Srimulat plays (East Java).
Modern theatre
Modern theatre or other terms is non-traditional theater which is a type of theater that grows and develops in urban communities and is influenced by western theories, especially scholars. Since the 19th century, Indonesia has been familiar with this modern theater. The forms of the performances are very accommodated, among others; read Poetry, Poetry Visualization, Poetry Musicalization, Declamation, Dramatic Reading, Monologue, Conventional Theater, Experimental Theater, Alternative Theater, Street Theater, Jeprut, Happening Art, Postmodernism Shows, Television Drama, Soap operas, World of Films and Films.
The form of modern theater performances tends to be more organized. Stage or Stage is always the choice as a venue for performances. In its development, modern theater performances sometimes try to return to the roots of tradition. This means that adjusting the place of the show according to the director's wishes about how the story is performed, it can be in an open space or a closed place.
List of theatre in Indonesia
Wayang
Wayang is a traditional form of puppet theatre play originated on the
Wayang wong
Wayang wong, also known as wayang orang (literally "human wayang"), is a type of classical
Topeng
Topeng (
Ketoprak
Ketoprak is a theatrical genre of Java featuring actors who may also sing to the accompaniment of the gamelan. The show were performed in certain period in an empty plain near a village and moved from one place to another, in fashion similar to western travelling circus. In this traveling troupe, the performers and staffs also brought show properties; such as costumes, stage decorations, chairs, gamelan, sound system, diesel electric generator, all were contained in a portable building that also used as set or stage called "tobong". During their journey, the troupe members also living in this tobong. Recently ketoprak has been adopted into television show, the "Ketoprak Humor" show was aired in Indonesian national television. It is a comedy and action performance, often took place in modern settings or in historical ancient Javanese kingdoms. The ketoprak that took the story of ancient Java is quite similar with Wayang wong performance, however ketoprak performance is more free for improvisations.[6]
Randai
Randai is a folk theater tradition of the Minangkabau ethnic group in West Sumatra, Indonesia, which incorporates music, singing, dance, drama and the martial art of Silat. Randai performances are a synthesis of alternating martial arts dances, songs, and acted scenes. Stories are delivered by both the acting and the singing and are mostly based upon Minangkabau legends and folktales.[7]
Lenong
Lenong is a traditional theatrical form of the Betawi people in Jakarta, Indonesia. Lenong developed from the earlier form Gambang Rancag. Lenong is a form of theatre traditional to the Betawi people. Dialogue is generally in the Betawi dialect. Actions and dialogue are often presented in a humorous manner on top of a stage known as a pentas tapal kuda, so named for the way actors enter the stage from the left and right. Audiences sit in front of the stage.[8] The number of performers is determined by the needs of the story. Male performers are referred to as panjak, while female performers are known as ronggeng.
Arja
Arja is a popular form of Balinese theatre which combines elements of opera, dance, and drama.[9]
The word Arja can be interpreted as beautiful, charming, or harmonious. At first, Arja was only performed by men, but in the 1920s a group of Arja played by women appeared in Tapean Village,
Arja's performance art plays were originally Panji stories, then developed by taking stories from chronicles, folk tales, wayang, and nowadays sometimes everyday stories. The tightness of the performances made Arja's groups overwhelmed with the play, because not all of them were able to work on the story in a short time. In the end, they only made compositions from existing stories, so that the names of the groups followed the plays that were often played, such as Arja Pakang Raras, Arja Basur, Arja Jayaprana, and Arja Sampik. However, Panji's story is closely related to Arja's art, making the characters of Panji characters always present in each of his performances.
Barong
Reog
Reog is a traditional Indonesian dance theatre in an open arena that serves as folk entertainment, contains magical elements, the main dancer is a lion-headed person with a peacock feather decoration, plus several masked dancers and
See also
References
- ^ "PENGETAHUAN TEATER" (PDF), Kemdikbud, archived (PDF) from the original on 3 June 2021
- ^ "Mengenal Kelompok-Kelompok Teater Legendaris di Indonesia", Kemenparekraf
- ISBN 978-0-415-26087-9.
- JSTOR 1124435.
- ISBN 081221336X.
- ^ Risang Yuwono, Kethoprak Tobong Kelana Bhakti Budaya
- .
- ^ JCG, Lenong.
- ^ Dibia, I Wayan. "The History of Arja". Balinese Dance. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
- ^ Ardee. "Tari Barong Keris, Pesan Harmoni dalam Pertunjukan Massal yang Memukau : Kesenian - Situs Budaya Indonesia". IndonesiaKaya (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-02-06.
- ^ "The Barong Dance of Bali". indo.com. 2001. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
- ^ "Pesan Sakral di Balik Reog Ponorogo". Liputan6.com (in Indonesian). 2019-03-10. Archived from the original on 2020-03-04. Retrieved 2020-03-04.
- ^ "Reog, Pesona Singa Barong dari Tanah Ponorogo". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). 2008-01-10. Archived from the original on 2020-03-04. Retrieved 2020-03-04.