Ghulam Dastagir Alam

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Ghulam Dastagir Alam Qasmi
Quaid-e-Azam University
Theses
Doctoral advisorJ. B. Hasted
Other academic advisors

Ghulam Dastagir Alam Qasmi (

gamma-ray bursts throughout his career.[1][2]

After the atomic bomb project, Alam joined the Department of Mathematics at the Quaid-e-Azam University (QAU) as well as serving as

visiting faculty at the Institute of Physics, and co-authored papers on variation calculus and fission isomer. He was one of the notable theoretical physicists at the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) and QAU. At one point, his fellow theorist, Munir Ahmad Khan, called Alam "the problem solving brain of the PAEC".: 155 [3]

Biography

Alam was educated at the Government College University in Lahore where he studied in 1951 and graduated with Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Mathematics in 1955 under the supervision of Abdus Salam–a theoretical physicist.[4] He then went to attend the physics program at the Punjab University where he graduated with Master of Science (MSc) in Physics in 1957, supervised under Dr. Rafi Muhammad– a nuclear physicist.[4]

His thesis titled: The Emission of Electromagnetic Radiations from metals by high energy particles, had contained investigations on electromagnetic radiation emitted from the heavy metals by bombarding the elementary particles.[4][5]

In 1964, Alam joined the doctoral program in physics at the

charge-crossing involving potential curve crossing, a concept in quantum mechanics.: 11–142 [6]

In 1967, he published another thesis jointly written by J.B. Hasted and D.K. Bohme on physics of atomic collision and potential energy curves— their work was supported and funded by the United States Department of Defense.[7]

While in the United Kingdom, Alam continued publishing and working on the atomic physics and atomic collisions, collaborating with many other of his British colleagues.[8] However, Alam lost interests in atomic physics and became interested in computer programming and mathematics.: 80, 425 [3] In 1970, he published a paper on gamma rays and performed an experiment on isomers, proposing and later proving mathematically that, in the isomer state, the average kinetic energy associated with the decay process of Isomer state is about the same in the ground state of fission.[9]

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission

1971 war, atomic bomb program, and centrifuge technology

Main articles: Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction, Gas centrifuge, and Supercomputing in Pakistan
A schematic of gas centrifuge employed in the United States, copyright by U.S. NRC.[10] In 1970s, Alam had conceived a concept of gas centrifuge independent of A.Q. Khan's Urenco-based designs.: 57 [11]

In 1958, Alam joined the

war with India in 1971, Alam became interested in computing and mathematics, briefly writing a computer program while working in problems relating to logic and the mathematics.: 8 [3] Alam was instrumental in establishing the computer department at the Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology before moving to join the Physics Division.: 53 [11]

Alam originally was not part of the team that was investigating the uranium enrichment under

Chaklala Air Force Base and begin working on the applications of magnetism and magnetic bearing.: 143 [3] Eventually other physicists such as Fakhr Hashmi, Javed Arshad Mirza, Eqbal Ahmad Khokhar, and Anwar Ali joined his Airport Development Works facility— thus forming the centrifuge program under Alam.: 143–144 [3]

In 1976, Alam was asked to review the components and the blueprints of a gas centrifuge brought by

percent error for the actual value of military-grade uranium that proved the Abdul Qadeer Khan's estimation required to enriched the uranium.: 57 [11]

In April 1976, Alam succeeded in designing a gas centrifuge and succeeded in rotating the first centrifuge to 30,000 rpm by perfectly balancing and rotating around fixed axis of the centrifuge— Alam and his team was immediately dispatched at the Khan Research Laboratories under Abdul Qadeer Khan.: 57 [11] At KRL, Alam and Shah worked on solving differential equation problems relating the gas centrifuges, and designed a first generation of centrifuges, known as P1, that succeeded in separating the U234, U235, and U238 isotopes from raw natural uranium under supervision of Shah, Alam, and Qadeer Khan.: 58–59 [11] Commenting on the success, Alam famously quoted: "Boys, we have achieved enrichment in Pakistan.": 148–149 [3] Following this success, Alam and other colleagues signed and quickly published a paper on the differential methods of the centrifuges in 1978–79.: 150–151 [3]

Alam remained associated with the centrifuge program and was its design director until 1981 when he developed intellectual differences with Abdul Qadeer Khan in 1981.: 431 

partial differential equations.: 59 [11]

Alam went to join the Quaid-i-Azam University and briefly taught courses on calculus, and published a computer model on HIV rate of infection along with American scientists.: 389 

mathematical descriptions to analyse the energy released by the gamma rays.[14] Alam died on 5 December 2000 in his residence in Islamabad.[citation needed
]

Books
  • Qasmi, Ghulam Dastigar Alam (April 1996) [1996], Calculus: An Approach to Engineering Mathematics, 1, vol. 1 (1 ed.), Department of Mathematics, Quaid-e-Azam University: Punjab Text Board, p. 390

Science articles

  • Fission fragment mass distributions and kinetic energies for spontaneous fission isomers, by R.L. Ferguson, F. Plasil, G.D. Alam†, H.W. Schmitt.
  • Gamma Ray Transitions in the de-excitation Californium-253 spontenous fission pragments, by G.D. Alam, Department of Mathematics.

Bibliography

References

  1. ^ Allam, GD; Rashid, Khalid; Ahmad, Maqsood; Qureshi, I.E.; Ali, Anwar; Khan, Naeem Ahmad; Bhatti, Nasim; Horsh, F. (1 November 1983). "GAMMA RAY TRANSITIONS IN DE-EXCITATION OF CF-252 SPONTANEOUS FISSION FRAGMENTS" (PDF). www.inis.iaea.org. Nilore, Islamabad: IAEA and PINSTECH. p. 28. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  2. ISBN 978-0-323-15052-1
    . Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-0804776011
    . Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  4. ^ a b c Qasmi, GD Allam. "The Emission of Electromagnetic Radiations from metals by high energy particles". www.defence.pk/pdf/. Islamabad: NM Butt. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  5. ^ N. M. Butt, “Nuclear Radiation Education and Nuclear Science and Technology in Pakistan,” paper presented to the 2nd International Congress on Radiation Education in Debrecen, Hungary
  6. ^ a b c d Alam, GD (1 February 1967). "Electron Capture by Multiply Charged Ions" (PDF). www.discovery.ucl.ac.uk. London, Eng. UK: University College London Press. p. 142. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  7. ^ W. Benjamin., 1967, United States. Dept. of Defense (1967). "Charge Transfer Involving Curve Crossin". W. Benjamin., 1967. United States. Dept. of Defense. Retrieved 27 December 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ISBN 9780080564647
    .
  9. ISBN 3-540-23302-4
    .
  10. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ^
    ISBN 978-969-8500-00-9
    .
  12. ^ Alam, G.D., Dr. Qadeer Was Ready to Secretly Sell Nuclear Technology to an Arab Country: Dr. G.D. Alam, interview in Assas-o-Lashkar (Urdu), June 12, 1998
  13. ISBN 978-981-10-3325-4
    . Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  14. ^ Alam, Ghulam Dastigar (1997). "Gamma Ray Transitions in the de-excitation Californium-253 spontenous fission pragments". Dr. Ghulam Dastigar Alam, Department of Mathematics, Quaid-e-Azam University. Institution of Electrical. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
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