Gourami
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Gouramis Temporal range:
| |
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Dwarf gourami (Trichogaster lalius) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Anabantiformes |
Suborder: | Anabantoidei |
Family: | Osphronemidae van der Hoeven, 1832 |
Subfamilies & genera | |
see text |
Gouramis, or gouramies
Many gouramis have an elongated, feeler-like ray at the front of each of their pelvic fins. All living species show parental care until fry are free swimming: some are mouthbrooders, like the Krabi mouth-brooding betta (Betta Simplex), and others, like the Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens), build bubble nests. Currently, about 133 species are recognised, placed in four subfamilies and about 15 genera.
The name Polyacanthidae has also been used for this family. Some fish now classified as gouramis were previously placed in family
The earliest fossil gourami is Omblinichthys from the early-mid Eocene Sangkarewang Formation of Sumatra, Indonesia. A second fossil taxon from the same formation, known from several specimens and tentatively assigned to Osphronemus goramy when analyzed in the 1930s, is now lost.[2]
Subfamilies and genera
The family Osphronemidae is divided into the following subfamilies and genera:[3][4]
- family Osphronemidae van der Hoeven, 1832
- Genus †Omblinichthys Murray, Zaim, Rizal, Aswan, Gunnell & Ciochon, 2015[2]
- Subfamily Belontiinae Liem, 1962
- Subfamily Osphroneminae van der Hoeven, 1832
- Osphronemus Lacepède, 1801
- Subfamily Luciocephalinae Bleeker, 1852
- Luciocephalus Bleeker, 1851
- Sphaerichthys Canestrini, 1860
- Ctenops McClelland, 1845
- Parasphaerichthys Prashad & Mukerji, 1929
- Trichopodus Lacepède, 1801
- Subfamily Macropodusinae Hoedeman, 1948
- Betta Bleeker, 1850
- Parosphromenus Bleeker, 1877
- Macropodus Lacepède, 1801
- Malpulutta Deraniyagala, 1937
- Pseudosphromenus Bleeker, 1879
- Trichopsis Canestrini, 1860
- Subafmily TrichogastrinaeBleeker, 1879
- Trichogaster Bloch & Schneider, 1801
As food
Giant gouramis, Osphronemus goramy, or Kaloi in Malay language, are eaten in some parts of the world. In Maritime Southeast Asian countries, they are often deep-fried and served in sweet-sour sauce, chili sauce, and other spices. The paradise fish, Macropodus opercularis, and other members of that genus are the target of a cannery industry in China, the products of which are available in Asian supermarkets around the world. Gouramis are particularly found in Sundanese cuisine.[5]
In Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Brunei, gouramis are readily fished at streams, brooks, canal, rivers and many more large water area systems.
In the aquarium
Numerous gourami species, such as the
Compatibility
Generally regarded as peaceful, gouramis are still capable of harassing or killing smaller or long-finned fish. Depending on the species, adult and juvenile males have been known to spar with one another. Aggression can also occur as a result of overcrowding.
Gouramis have been housed with many species, such as danios, mollies, silver dollars, Neon tetras, and plecostomus catfish. Compatibility depends on the species of gourami and the fish it is housed with. Some species (e.g., Macropodus or Belontia) are highly aggressive or predatory and may harass or kill smaller or less aggressive fish; whereas, others (Parosphromenus and Sphaerichthys, for instance) are very shy or have specific water requirements and thus will be outcompeted by typical community fish.
Gallery
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Female and male dwarf gouramis (Trichogaster lalius) showing sexual dimorphism
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Macropodus erythropterus
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Paradise fish (Macropodus opercularis)
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Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy)
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Three spot gourami (Trichopodus trichopterus)
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color morphof Trichopodus trichopterus
See also
The name "gourami" is used of several other related fish that are now placed in different families:
- Helostomatidae)
- Anabantidae)
References
- ^ a b Hellweg, Mike (July 16, 2023). "Gorgeous Little Gouramis". Tropical Fish Hobbyist Magazine. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
- ^ ISSN 0272-4634.
- ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the originalon 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2019-12-13.
- PMID 25543675.
- ^ "ikan gurame – Resep Kuliner Indonesia dan Dunia". kuliner.ilmci.com. Archived from the original on 2019-04-11. Retrieved 2015-08-05.
- ^ Roberts, Jason (October 28, 2020). "Do Fish Recognize Their Owners?".
- ^ JSTOR 4533539– via JSTOR.
- ^ a b "Gouramis Care Guide". www.aqueon.com.
- ^ "5 Best Tank Mates for Betta Fish in a Community Aquarium". Aquarium Co-Op.
- ^ "Are Gouramis Aggressive? | Gourami Forum | 64086". FishLore Aquarium Fish Forum. 13 February 2010.
- Goldstein, Howard (September 2005). "Searching for the Pygmy Gourami". Tropical Fish Hobbyist. 54 (1): 93. ISSN 0041-3259.
- Tan, HH and P Ng (2006). "Six new species of fighting fish (Telestei: Osphronemidae: Betta) from Borneo". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 17 (2): 97–114.