Grzywna (unit)

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The grzywna (Polish:

Kingdom of Poland and Kingdom of Bohemia (Czech

: hřivna).

Grzywna was also a unit of measure of a unit of exchange, and as such used as money in the 10th–15th centuries. Silver

minted coins. Several different grzywnas developed with their own system of weight and exchange, such as the Kulm grzywna and the Kraków

grzywna.

Etymology

The name is derived from

Proto-Slavic *griva 'neck, nape, mane'.^[1]

In modern Polish, grzywna literally translates as fine (legal penalty).

Kraków grzywna

The Kraków grzywna, used in Poland, weighed anywhere from 196.26 g to 201.86 g, depending on the timeframe. In the 14th century, it was equal to 196.26 g, while in the beginning of the 16th century in weighed 197.684 g, but after 1558 it was equivalent to 201.802 g and after 1650 it was 201.86 g.

The Kraków grzywna was subdivided thus: 4

obols

As a measure of unit of exchange, the Kraków grzywna was equal to 48

Casimir the Great, 768 denarii were struck from it and during the reign of Władysław II Jagiełło

, it was 864 denarii.

References

^ Brückner, Aleksander (1985) [1927]. Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish). Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna. p. 163.

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Historical antecedents (mass)	Roman pound (libra) Moneyer's pound (England) Grzywna (Grivna)
See also	Pound sign (£) Dinar Pound (mass) (℔) Roman currency Carolingian monetary system £sd

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Etymology

Kraków grzywna

See also

References