Haplogroup Q-M3
Haplogroup Q-M3 | |
---|---|
Possible time of origin | 10,000-15,000 years ago |
Possible place of origin | Beringia: Either East Asia or North America |
Ancestor | Q-L54 |
Descendants | Q-M19, Q-M194, Q-M199, Q-PAGES104, Q-PAGES131, Q-L663, Q-SA01, Q-L766, Q-L883, and Q-L888 |
Defining mutations | M3 (rs3894) |
Haplogroup Q-M3 (Y-DNA) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Haplogroup Q-M3 is a subclade of Haplogroup Q-L54. Haplogroup Q-M3 was previously known as Haplogroup Q3; currently Q-M3 is Q1b1a1a below Q1b-M346.[1]
In 1996 the research group at Stanford University headed by Dr. Peter Underhill first discovered the SNP that was to become known as M3. At the time, it was called DYS191. Later studies completed the genetic bridge by determining that Q-M3 was related to Q-M242-bearing populations who traveled through Central Asia to East Asia.[2]
Origin and distribution
Haplogroup Q-M3 is one of the
The Americas
Populations carrying Q-M3 are widespread throughout the Americas. Since the discovery of Q-M3, several subclades of Q-M3 bearing populations have been discovered in the Americas as well. An example is in South America where some populations have a high prevalence of SNP M19 which defines subclade Q-M19. M19 has been detected in 59% of Amazonian
Asia
Q-M3 is present in some
Population | Paper | N | Percentage | SNP Tested | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Evens | Malyarchuk 2011[7] | 2/63 | ~3.2% | M3 |
Europe
The Q-M3 lineage has not been detected in the European population.
Subclade distribution
Q-M19 M19 This lineage is found among Indigenous South Americans, such as the Ticuna and the Wayuu.[8] Origin: South America approximately 5,000 to 10,000 years ago.
Q-M194 It has only been found in South American populations.[8]
Q-M199 This lineage has only been found in South American populations.
Q-PAGES104 This lineage was discovered by the research group at the Whitehead Institute headed by Dr. David C. Page. Only limited demographic information is known.
Q-PAGES131 This lineage was discovered by the research group at the Whitehead Institute headed by Dr. David C. Page. Only limited demographic information is known.
Q-L663 This lineage was discovered by citizen scientists. It is linked to indigenous populations in Central Mexico and has been associated with the Otomies (Hñähñús, as they self-identify) from Hidalgo, Mexico (Gómez et al, 2021). Q-L663's paternal line was formed around 550 BCE. The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 1250 CE. Extensive research on this haplogroup is being conducted by members of the New Mexico Genealogical Society, with at least 16 NGS Y-DNA tests as of 2023. The earliest known genealogical records for a Q-L663 descendant were for a man named Nicolás de Espinosa, a native of the Villa de los Lagos, Nueva Galicia, Mexico, who was born circa 1673.
Gómez, R., Vilar, M.G., Meraz-Ríos, M.A., Véliz, D., Zúñiga, G., Hernández-Tobías, E.A., Figueroa-Corona, M., Owings, A.C., Gaieski, J.B., Schurr, T.G., (2021). Y chromosome diversity in Aztlan descendants and its implications for the history of Central Mexico, iScience, 24 (5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102487
Q-SA01 This lineage was discovered by the research group headed by Dr. Theodore G. Schurr.[9]
Q-L766 This lineage was discovered by citizen scientists. It may be linked to indigenous populations in the Southwestern United States and Mexico.
Q-L883 This lineage was discovered by citizen scientists.
Q-L888 This lineage was discovered by citizen scientists.
Associated SNPs
Q-M3 is defined by the SNPs M3 and L341.2.
Q-M3 Phylogeny and Subgroups
Current status of the polygentic tree for Q-M3 is published by pinotti et al. in the article Y Chromosome Sequences Reveal a Short Beringian Standstill, Rapid Expansion, and early Population structure of Native American Founders (2018). Calibrated phylogeny of Y haplogroup for Q-M3 and its relation to the branches within Q-L54.[10]
- L54
- Q-L330
- Q-MPB001 (18.9 kya)
- Q-CTS1780
- Q-M930 (15.0-17.0 kya) Ancient Beringians
- Q-L804 (Scandinavian)
- Q-M3 (Native American, 15.0 kya)
- Q-Y4308
- Q-M848 (14.9 kya)
- Q-B48
- Q-CTS11357
- Q-M825
- Q-MPB073
- Q-MPB015
- Q-MPB115
- Q-Z6658
- Q-Z5906
- Q-Z19357
- Q-MPB139
- Q-MPB138
- Q-M848*
In 2013 Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's made the following phylogentic Proposed Tree for haplogroup Q-M3.
- L54
- M3, L341.2
- M19
- M194
- M199, P106, P292
- PAGES104, PAGES126
- PAGES131
- L663
- SA01
- L766, L767
- L883, L884, L885, L886, L887
- L888, L889, L890, L891
- M3, L341.2
Popular culture
American actress
See also
Y-DNA Q-M242 subclades
Y-DNA backbone tree
References
- ISOGG
- ISBN 978-0-8129-7146-0.
- PMID 30674303.
- PMID 10339584.
- PMID 12900798.
- PMID 28260210.
- ^ PMID 21677663.
- ^ a b (2003) "Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas," Archived 2011-04-28 at the Wayback Machine (pdf) Maria-Catira Bortolini, Francisco M. Salzano
- ^ "Theodore G. Schurr".
- PMID 30581024.
- ^ Stated on Finding Your Roots, PBS, February 5, 2015