Hawaiian Renaissance
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The Hawaiian Renaissance (also called the Hawaiian Cultural Renaissance) was the Hawaiian resurgence of a distinct cultural identity that draws upon traditional kānaka maoli culture, with a significant divergence from the tourism-based culture which Hawaiʻi was previously known for worldwide (along with the rest of Polynesia). The Hawaiian Renaissance has been pointed to as a global model for biocultural restoration and sustainability.[2][3]
First Hawaiian Renaissance
The First Hawaiian Renaissance had its foundation in the
Kalākaua took steps to perpetuate nationalism. Kalākaua replaced the considerably Christian national anthem
Despite early efforts to earn favor with the haole people, growing views he was putting his people over the others continued. The Hawaiian people loved him; however, the missionaries' descendants did not enjoy the dealings with Kalākaua. The missionaries' descendants had gained power in Hawai'i by buying land. They were influential enough on the island that they held advisory positions to Kalākaua, though the king didn't always agree with their opinions. He always put his people first, and that sometimes meant denying the missionaries' ideas.[citation needed]
Kalākaua spent three years planning his second coronation in 1883 to try and ease the racial tensions between the Hawaiians and the haoles, and 8,000 people attended. Kalākaua sponsored several traditional Hawaiian practices such as hula (which had been banned in 1830 by queen regent Kaʻahumanu as part of the effort to uproot Hawaiian traditional religion and impose Christanity on Hawaii[4]), chants, sports, and royal rituals. He also had Hawaiian myths, legends, and chants recorded in media such as the Kumulipo and had his genealogy traced.
Second Hawaiian Renaissance
The Second Hawaiian Renaissance is generally considered to have started in 1970, and drew from similar cultural movements from the late 1960s and early 1970s. It is mostly known from music, such as
This period in Hawaiian history is also associated with a renewed interest in
This period of increase in Hawaiian self-identity was inspired by the 1964 essay "On Being Hawaiian" by writer
The Merrie Monarch Festival, established in 1964 by Helene Hale, caused a resurgence in the study and practice of ancient hula that had been developed and danced before 1893.[8]
The era also included intense land struggles such as that of
Polynesian voyaging is also a large aspect of the Hawaiian Renaissance.[11] In 1975, the Polynesian Voyaging Society built a replica of an ancient Polynesian voyaging canoe.[12] The vessel, Hōkūleʻa, and the re-adoption of non-instrument wayfinding navigation, Hokule'a and creator and first navigator of Hokulea in 1976, Ben Finney are icons of the Hawaiian Renaissance and contributors to the resurgence of interest in Polynesian culture.
The movement sometimes touches upon politics, including issues dealing with
The height of the Hawaiian Renaissance is usually located during the 1970s, and had mostly waned by 1980, although some refer to it as a still-contemporary movement.
See also
- National revival
- Merrie Monarch Festival
- Eddie Kamae
- King David Kalākaua I
- Polynesian Voyaging Society
- Surfing
- Luau
References
- OCLC 19662315.
- .
- S2CID 197524460.
- ^ "Missionaries and the Decline of Hula – Hawaii History – Hula". www.hawaiihistory.org. Archived from the original on April 18, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
- ^ Olomana Music website
- ^ "From On Being Hawaiian". The Nation. April 28, 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
- ^ "John Dominis Holt, 1919–1993". The Kamehameha Schools Archives. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
- ^ Hula Festival Information Archived 2008-09-05 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Mauna Kea Is The Latest In Long History Of Native Hawaiian Protests". Honolulu Civil Beat. August 30, 2019. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
- ^ Trask, Haunani-Kay (1987). "Birth of the Modern Hawaiian Movement: Kalama Valley, O'ahu". Hawaiian Journal of History. 21: 126–153.
- ^ Goodell, Lela (1989). "Polynesian Voyaging Society: Introduction" (PDF). A Guide to the Archives of the Polynesian Voyaging Society and Voyages of the Hōkūle'a (in English and Hawaiian). The Kamehameha Schools. p. 5. Retrieved August 28, 2008.
- ^ Hyson, Katie (November 29, 2023). "Docked in San Diego, the Hōkūle'a is bringing back ancient Polynesian voyaging". KPBS Public Media. Retrieved November 30, 2023.