Hōkūleʻa
History | |
---|---|
Hawai'i, United States | |
Name | Hōkūleʻa |
Namesake | The star Hōkūleʻa (Arcturus), which travels directly above the latitude of Hawai'i |
Owner | Polynesian Voyaging Society |
Launched | 8 March 1975 |
Identification |
|
Status | Active |
Notes | A reconstruction of a traditional Hawai'ian bluewater vessel |
General characteristics | |
Class and type | wa'a kaulua |
Tons burthen | 27,000 lb (12 t)[1] |
Length | 62+1⁄3 ft (19.0 m) overall[1] |
Beam | 17.5 ft (5.3 m)[1] |
Draught | 2.5 ft (0.76 m)[1] |
Propulsion | Sail |
Sail plan | crabclaw sails |
Complement | 12 |
Notes | Hōkūleʻa has, in the past, been Bermuda-rigged for some passages. |
Hōkūleʻa[2][3] is a performance-accurate waʻa kaulua,[4][5] a Polynesian double-hulled voyaging canoe.[6][7] Launched on 8 March 1975[8] by the Polynesian Voyaging Society, it is best known for its 1976 Hawaiʻi to Tahiti voyage completed with exclusively traditional navigation techniques.[9][10] The primary goal of the voyage was to explore the anthropological theory of the Asiatic origin of native Oceanic people (Polynesians and Hawaiians in particular) as the result of purposeful trips through the Pacific, as opposed to passive drifting on currents or sailing from the Americas.[11][12] DNA analysis supports this theory.[13] A secondary project goal was to have the canoe and voyage "serve as vehicles for the cultural revitalization of Hawaiians and other Polynesians."[14]
Between the 1976 voyage and 2009, Hōkūle‘a completed nine[update] additional voyages to
On 18 May 2014 Hōkūle‘a and its sister vessel, Hikianalia embarked from Oahu for "
In between voyages, Hōkūle‘a is
Construction
Polynesian voyaging canoes were made from wood, whereas Hōkūle‘a incorporates
Pius "Mau" Piailug
Hōkūle‘a navigates without instruments. In 1975, no living Hawaiian knew the ancient techniques for blue water voyaging.[24] To enable the voyage, the Polynesian Voyaging Society recruited the Satawalese Master Navigator Mau Piailug (of the Weriyeng school in the Caroline Islands (map) of the Federated States of Micronesia (map)) to share his knowledge of non-instrument navigation. While as many as six Micronesian navigators had mastered these traditional methods as of the mid-1970s,[25] only Mau was willing to share his knowledge.
Mau, who "barely spoke English", decided that by reaching beyond his own culture, sharing what had been closely guarded knowledge, he could possibly save it from extinction. Through this collaboration, Mau's
Voyages
Inaugural voyage (1976)
Led by Captain
On board the inaugural voyage was Hoku, a golden hair Hawaiian Poi Dog backbred by Jack L. Throp of the Honolulu Zoo. Razor-backed pigs and Polynesian chickens were also bred at the zoo for the voyage, but the director would not part with them at the last minute. Instead, the voyage hurriedly brought a white domesticated pig from Kōkeʻe, Kauai named Maxwell, and a cock and hen. The purpose of the animals was to study how to feed and care for these animals, which had been transported by the Polynesians during their voyages.[29][30][31]
- Honolua Bay, Maui, Hawaiʻi (map), United States – Papeʻete, Tahiti (map), Society Islands (map), French Polynesia (map)
- [28] 1 May 1976 to 4 June 1976
- The crew for this leg was as follows:'Navigator: Mau Piailug; Captain: "Kawika" Kapahulehua; Crew: Clifford Ah Mow*, Milton "Shorty" Bertelmann, David Henry Lewis*, David B. K. "Dave" Lyman III*,[32]William "Billy" Richards, Rodo Tuku Williams.*
- Papeʻete, Tahiti, French Polynesia – Hawaiʻi, United States
- 5 July 1976 to 26 July 1976[33][34]
- The crew for the return voyage was: Navigator: James "Kimo" Lyman;[35] Captain: "Kawika" Kapahulehua; Crew: Abraham "Snake" Ah Hee, Andy Espirto*, Mel Kinney, Francis Kainoa Lee, Gordon Piʻianaiʻa, Leonard Puputauiki, Penny Rawlins, Keani Reiner*,[36] Charles Nainoa "Nainoa" Thompson, Maka'ala Yates, Ben Young.
Kealaikahiki project (1977)
In English, the Hawaiian "Ke ala i kahiki" means "the path to Tahiti." The "Kealaikahiki Project" recreated the traditional Kealaikahiki Point departure of ancient voyages to Tahiti.
Legs
- Honolulu, Oʻahu – Manele Bay, Lānaʻi – Kealaikahiki Point, Kahoʻolawe, Hawaiʻi (map), United States – a point at sea, ninety miles south of Ka Lae, Hawaiʻi Island – Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States:[37] 1 April 1977 to 10 April 1977
Crew
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Dave Lyman; Crew: Teené Froiseth, Sam Kaʻai, Sam Kalalau, John Kruse, "Kimo" Lyman, Jerome "Jerry" Muller, Gordon Piʻianaiʻa, Norman Piʻianaiʻa, Michael A. Tongg*, Makaʻala Yates[40]
Tahiti voyage (1978)
Following the 1976 voyage, Nainoa Thompson attempted to teach himself how to navigate without instruments, using only the position of stars and ocean cues, based on information he learned from books, planetarium observations, and short voyages in Hawaiian waters.
Ala Wai Harbor, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States bound for Papeʻete, Tahiti, French Polynesia: 16 March 1978 to 18 March 1978 (recovery followed by USCG investigation)[43]
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Dave Lyman; First Mate: Leon Paoa Sterling*; "Snake" Ah Hee, Edward Ryon Makua Hanai "Eddie" Aikau*, Charman Akina, M.D., Wedemeyer Au, Bruce Blankenfeld, Kilila Hugho, Sam Kaʻai, John Kruse, Marion Lyman,[46] Buddy McGuire, Norman Piʻianaiʻa, Curt Sumida, Teikiheʻepo "Tava" Taupu.[47]
Tahiti voyage (1980)
After the 1978 disaster, Mau returned and gave Nainoa further training on traditional navigation techniques.
Hilo, Hawaiʻi Island, United States – Papeʻete, Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia: 15 March 1980 to 17 April 1980[52]
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Gordon Piʻianaiʻa; Chad Kalepa Baybayan, "Shorty" Bertelmann, Harry Ho, Sam Kaʻai, Michael "Buddy" McGuire, Marion Lyman-Mersereau, Mau Piailug, Steve Somsen, Joanne Kahanamoku Sterling*, Leon Paoa Sterling, "Tava" Taupu; Patrick Koon Hung Piʻimauna Charles "Pat" Aiu, MD* [53]
Papeʻete, Tahiti, French Polynesia – Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States: 13 May 1980 to 6 June 1980[54]
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Gordon Piʻianaiʻa; Wedemeyer Au, Chad Baybayan, Bruce Blankenfeld, "Snake" Ah Hee, John Kruse, Kainoa Lee, James "Kimo" Lyman, Mau Piailug, Steven Somsen, Leon Paoa Sterling, Michael Tongg, Nathan Wong
Voyage of Rediscovery (1985–1987)
In the "Voyage of Rediscovery", Hōkūleʻa traveled 12,000 miles (19,000 km) to destinations throughout Polynesia. Dorcas and Maalea served as escort vessels.
Hawaiʻi Island, United States – Papeʻete, Society Islands, French Polynesia: 10 July 1985 to 11 August 1985[58][59]
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: "Shorty" Bertelmann; Crew: Clay Bertelmann*, Dennis Chun, Richard Tai Crouch, Harry Ho, Dr. Larry Magnussen, "Buddy" McGuire, Mau Piailug, Thomas Reity (Satawal), James Shizuru, "Tava" Taupu
Papeʻete, Tahiti, French Polynesia – Rarotonga, Cook Islands (map): 30 August 1985 to 14 September 1985
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Gordon Piʻianaiʻa; Crew: "Snake" Ah Hee, Dr. Pat Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Karim Cowan (Tahiti), Bob Krauss, John Kruse, Vic Lipman, Mel Paoa, Mau Piailug, Abraham Piʻianaiʻa, Chad Piʻianaiʻa, Michael Tongg, Andrew Tutai (Cook Islands), Peter Sepelalur (Satawal), Leon Paoa Sterllng, Puaniho Tauotaha (Tahiti), Cliff Watson. (Bob Krauss, journalist; Karim Cowan, and Puaniho Tauotaha were crew members only from Tahiti to Raʻiatea)
Rarotonga, Cook Islands – Waitangi, North Island, New Zealand (map): 21 November 1985 to 7 December 1985
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson;[60] Captain and 1st Watch Captain: "Shorty" Bertelmann; 2nd Watch Captain: Leon Paoa Sterling; 3rd Watch Captain: "Tava" Taupu (Marquesas); Crew: Dr. Pat Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Bruce Blankenfeld, Stanley Conrad (New Zealand), Dr. Ben Finney, Harry Ho, "Buddy" McGuire, "Billy" Richards, James Shizuru, Michael Tongg
Waitangi, : 1 May 1986 to 11 May 1986
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Leon Paoa Sterling; Crew: "Snake" Ah Hee, Dr. Pat Aiu, Carlos Andrade, Chad Baybayan, Philip Ikeda*, John Keolanui, "Kimo" Lyman, Mau Piailug, Scott Sullivan, Michael Tongg, Sione Uaine Ula (Tonga)
Nukuʻalofa, Tonga – Pago Pago, Tutuila Island, American Samoa (map): 23 May 1986 to 25 May 1986
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Leon Paoa Sterling; Crew: Dr. Pat Aiu, Carlos Andrade, Gilbert Ane, Gail Evenari (California), Chad Baybayan, Hector Busby (New Zealand), Philip Ikeda*, Sam Kaʻai, John Keolanui, "Kimo" Lyman, Mau Piailug, Scott Sullivan, Jo Anne Sterling, Sione Taupeamuhu (Tonga), Michael Tongg, Sione Uaine Ula (Tonga)
Ofu Island, American Samoa – Aitutaki, Cook Islands: 7 July 1986 to 16 July 1986
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: "Shorty" Bertelmann; Crew: Clay Bertelmann, Harry Ho, Pauahi Ioane, Bernard Kilonsky, Ben Lindsey, Mel Paoa, Mau Piailug, Tua Pittman (Cook Islands), "Tava" Taupu (Marquesas)
Aitutaki – Rarotonga: 10 August 1986 to 11 August 1986
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: Dr. Pat Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Dede Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, "Wally" Froseith, Pauahi Ioane, "Jerry" Muller, Mau Piailug, Tua Pittman (Rarotonga), Rio Tuiravakai (Aitutaki), Raukete Tuiravakai (Aitutaki)
Rarotonga, Cook Islands – Tautira, Tahiti Iti, Society Islands, French Polynesia: 12 August 1986 to 21 August 1986
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: "Snake" Ah Hee, Dr. Pat Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Bruce Blankenfeld, Wallace "Wally" Froiseth, Harry Ho, Glen Oshiro, Mau Piailug, Richard Rhodes, Michael Tongg, Aaron Young
Tautira – Papeʻete, Tahiti Nui – Tautira: 27 March 1987 to 29 March 1987
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: U.S. Senator Daniel Akaka, Chad Baybayan; "Wally" Froiseth, Harry Ho, Kilo Kaina, Michele Kapana, Will Kyselka, Russell Mau, Honolulu City Councilman Arnold Morgado; Abraham Piʻianaiʻa, Tutaha Salmon (Tahiti), Cary Sneider (California), "Tava" Taupu (Marquesas), Michael Tongg, Aaron Young. Senator Akaka and Councilman Morgado joined the crew in Papeʻete.
Tautira, Tahiti Iti, Society Islands – Rangiroa Atoll, Tuamotus (map): 2 April 1987 to 4 April 1987
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew; Chad Baybayan, Clay Bertelmann, "Wally" Froiseth, Rey Jonsson, Solomon Kahoʻohalahala, Will Kyselka, Charles Larson, Mel Paoa, Cary Sneider (California), "Tava" Taupu, Tracy Tong, Michael Tongg, Clifford Watson, Dr. Nathan Wong, Elisa Yadao, Aaron Young
Rangiroa, Tuamotus, : 24 April 1987 to 23 May 1987.
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: "Shorty" Bertelmann; Crew: "Snake" Ah Hee, Dr. Pat Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Bruce Blankenfeld, Stanley Conrad (New Zealand), Eni Hunkin (Samoa), Tua Pittman (Cook Islands), Dixon Stroup, Puaniho Tauotaha (Tahiti), Sione Taupeamuhu (Tonga), "Tava" Taupu (Marquesas), Michael Tongg, Clifford Watson, Elisa Yadao
No Nā Mamo ('For the Children') (1992)
Hōkūleʻa sailed to Tahiti, Raʻiatea, and on to Rarotonga for the Sixth[61] Festival of Pacific Arts,[62] then, via Tahiti, sailed back to Hawaiʻi. This voyage, known as "No Nā Mamo" or "For the Children", was designed to train a new generation of voyagers to sail Hōkūleʻa, to share values and knowledge of voyaging and to celebrate the revival of canoe building and non-instrument navigation. The voyage included an educational component allowing Hawaiian students to track the progress of the canoe through daily radio reports.[63] Kama Hele escorted the voyage.[64]
Honaunau,[65] Hawaiʻi Island, United States – Papeʻete, Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia: 17 June 1992 to 15 July 1992[66]
Crew: Nainoa Thompson, Sailing master; Chad Baybayan, Co-navigator; "Shorty" Bertelmann, Co-navigator; Clay Bertelmann, Captain; Nailima Ahuna, Fisherman; Dennis J. Chun, Historian; Maulili Dixon, Cook; Kainoa Lee; Liloa Long; Jay Paikai; Chadd Kaʻonohi Paishon; Ben Tamura, M.D.; "Tava" Taupu
Papeʻete – Raʻiatea: 10 September 1992 to 16 September 1992[67]
Crew: Nainoa Thompson, Sailing master; Chad Baybayan, Navigator; Keahi Omai, Navigator; "Billy" Richards, Captain; Gilbert Ane; John Eddy, Film Documentation; Clement "Tiger" Espere*; Brickwood Galuteria, Communications; Harry Ho; Sol Kahoohalahala; Dennis Kawaharada, Communications; Reggie Keaunui; Keone Nunes, Oral Historian; Eric Martinson; Nalani Minton, Traditional Medicine; Esther Mookini, Hawaiian Language; Mel Paoa; Cliff Watson, Film Documentation; Nathan Wong, M.D.
Raʻiatea, Society Islands, French Polynesia – Mauke, Cook Islands – Aitutaki – Rarotonga: 20 September 1992 to 16 October 1992[38]
Crew: Nainoa Thompson, Sailing master; Chad Baybayan, Navigator; Gordon Piʻianaiʻa, Captain; Moana Doi, Photo Documentation; John Eddy, Film Documentation; Ben Finney, Scholar; "Wally" Froseith, Watch Captain; Brickwood Galuteria, Communications; Harry Ho; Kaʻau McKenney; Keahi Omai; Keone Nunes, Oral Historian; "Billy" Richards, Watch Captain; Cliff Watson, Film Documentation Cook Islands Additional Crew: Clive Baxter (Aitutaki); Tura Koronui (Atiu); Dorn Marsters (Aitutaki); Tua Pittman (Rarotonga); Nga Pouʻaʻo (Mitiaro); Maʻara Tearaua (Mangaia); Peʻia Tuaʻati (Mauke)
Rarotonga, Cook Islands – Papeʻete, Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia – Honaunau,[35] Hawaiʻi Island, United States: 26 October 1992 to 1 December 1992[68]
Co-navigators: Bruce Blankenfeld, "Kimo" Lyman;[35] Captain: Michael Tongg; Sailing Master: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captain and Cook: "Snake" Ah Hee; Watch Captain: Aaron Young; Ship's Doctor: Pat Aiu, M.D; Historian: Carlos Andrade; Fisherman: Terry Hee; Communications: Scott Sullivan; Crew: Archie Kalepa, Suzette Smith, Wallace Wong, Gary Yuen
Nā ʻOhana Holo Moana ('The Voyaging Families of the Vast Ocean') (1995)
Spring voyage segment
In the spring, Hōkūleʻa, along with sister ships
Hilo, Hawaiʻi Island, United States – Papeʻete, Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia: 11 February 1995 to 4 March 1995[72]
Sailing Master: Nainoa Thompson; Navigators: Kaʻau McKenney, Keahi Omai; Crew: Shantell Ching, Junior Coleman, Catherine Fuller, Harry Ho, Mau Piailug, Sesario Sewralur (son of Mau Piailug), Ben Tamura, MD; "Tava" Taupu, Michael Tongg, Kamaki Worthington. After Hōkūleʻa sighted Tikehau on 2 March 1995, Navigators Kaʻau McKenney and Keahi Omai turned over navigation to their apprentices, Junior Coleman and Sesario Sewralur, who guided the vessel to landfall in Papeʻete, Tahiti.[73]
Tautira, Tahiti – Fare, Tahaʻa – Tautira, Tahiti: 16 March 1995 to 24 March 1995
The crew may be the same as on the previous leg, but this is speculation.[74]
Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands – Taiohae Bay, Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands: 6 April 1995 to 15 April 1995[75]
Navigator and Captain: Chad Baybayan;
Taiohae Bay, Nuku Hiva, Marquesas, French Polynesia – Hilo, Hawaiʻi Island, United States: 20 April 1995 to 7 May 1995
Navigator and Captain: Chad Baybayan; Co-assistant navigators: Moana Doi, Piʻikea Miller; Watch Captains: "Snake" Ah Hee, "Tava" Taupu, Michael Tongg; Medical Officer: Mel Paoa; Fisherman and Teacher: Nainoa Thompson; Cook: Gary Yuen; Crew: Clyde Aikau, Sam Pautu, Mau Piailug, Sesario Sewralur, Gary Suzuki[76][77][77][78]
Summer voyage segment
In the summer: Hōkūleʻa and Hawai‘iloa sailed the
Crew: Captains: Gordon Piʻianaiʻa, "Kimo" Lyman, Michael Tongg, Chad Baybayan; Crew: Gil Ane, Beth Atuatasi (née Saurer),[80] Moana Doi, Laulima Lyman, Leon Sterling, Matthew Tongg[81][82]
Stops in the Puget Sound and Straits of Georgia and Juan de Fuca area
Hōkūleʻa visited:[83]
- Pier 57, Seattle, Washington,
- Golden Gardens, Shilshole Bay: 27 May 1995 to 28 May 1995
A potlatch with First Nations was shared with hoʻolauleʻa (celebration); Hōkūleʻa supported the Polynesian Youth Games hosted by Seattle Parks and Recreation - luau.
- Suquamish Reservation: 1 June 1995 to 2 June 1995
- Lummi Nation, Bellingham: 3 June 1995 to 4 June 1995
- Squalicum Harbor, Bellingham: 5 June 1995
- : 6 June 1995
- Vancouver Maritime Museum, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: 7 June 1995 to 8 June 1995
Exchange with the Assembly of First Nations - Neah Bay, Washington, United States: 9 June 1995 to 11 June 1995
Neah Bay – Portland, Oregon: 12 June 1995 to 15 June 1995; Columbia River
Hōkūleʻa visited:[83]
- Kalama, Washington where crew shared a dinner with Kalama ʻOhana: 16 June 1995
- Fort Vancouver, Washington public dock where Hōkūleʻa was part of a festival and the rededication of Kanaka Village:[84] 17 June 1995 to 20 June 1995
Portland, Oregon – San Francisco, California: 21 June 1995 to 29 June 1995
Hōkūleʻa visited:[83]
- Hyde Street Pier arrival for 1 July 1995 welcoming ceremony and festival at Crissy Field, 2 July 1995 Long Boat Regatta on the bay, Hawaiian music concert and Polynesian festival at Lawrence Hall of Science.
San Francisco – Santa Barbara: 3 July 1995 to 9 July 1995
Hōkūleʻa visited:[83]
- Santa Barbara Harbor Marina: 10 July 1995 to 11 July 1995, interchange with the Santa Barbara Outrigger Canoe Club, Cousteau Institute, and the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Santa Barbara – Long Beach: 11 July 1995 to 12 July 1995
Hōkūleʻa visited:[83]
- Gabrieleño/Tongva Tribal Council, Kalifornia Outrigger Association, Hawaiian Civic Clubs, the Rapa Nui Outrigger Club,[85] and the City of Long Beach, on 12 July 1995;
- A two-day symposium with scholars, scientists, and master artisans called Century of the Pakipika, 13 July 1995 to 14 July 1995;
- A Hawaiian and Pacific IslandFestival with teachers' workshops, the annual Long Beach Hoʻolauleʻa Canoe Regatta and a farewell dinner and ceremonies, 13 July 1995 to 19 July 1995
Long Beach – San Diego: 20 July 1995
Hōkūleʻa visited:[83]
- Embarcadero, San Diego, there was a welcoming ceremony, 22 July 1995,
- A Hawaiian and Pacific Islands festival, and an exhibition, called:
- Hale Naua, or "Turning Back the Sky," at the San Diego Museum of Man, 23 July 1995 to 25 July 1995
San Diego – San Pedro: 26 July 1995 to 28 July 1995; from San Pedro, Hōkūleʻa returned to Hawaiʻi by ship, courtesy of Matson.[81]
Closing the Triangle (1999–2000)
Hōkūleʻa sailed from Hawaiʻi to
ʻ, United States Island, United States – Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia: 15 June 1999 to 13 July 1999[90][91]
Navigator and Captain: Bruce Blankenfeld; Apprentice Navigator: Piʻikea Miller; Watch Captains: Dennis Chun, Terry Hee, Leon Paoa Sterling; Crew: Russell Amimoto, Desmon Antone, Darcy Attisani, Kekama Helm, Kaʻau McKenney, Atwood Makanani, Hauʻoli Smith, Wallace Wong[90]
Nuku Hiva –
Navigator and Captain: Chad Baybayan; Apprentice Navigators: Moana Doi, Catherine Fuller; Student Navigator: Aldon Kim; Watch Captains: Terry Hee, Mel Paoa, "Tava" Taupu; Protocol Officer: Kaniela Akaka; Crew: Tim Gilliom, Kealoha Hoe, Aeronwy Polo, Mona Shintani, Gary Suzuki, Nalani Wilson, Gary Yuen[92]
Mangareva, French Polynesia – Pitcairn, Pitcairn Islands – Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Territory of Chile: 21 September 1999 to 9 October 1999[91]
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Navigators: Bruce Blankenfeld, Chad Baybayan; Medical Officer: Ben Tamura, MD; Photographer and Videographer: Sonny Ahuna; Crew: Shantell Ching, Terry Hee, Mel Paoa, "Tava" Taupu, Michael Tongg, Max Yarawamai, Aaron Young[93]
Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Territory of Chile – Tahiti, French Polynesia: 9 November 1999 to 3 December 1999[91]
Navigator: Bruce Blankenfeld; Captain: "Wally" Froiseth; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Bob Bee, Blane Chong, Dennis Chun, Terry Hee, Nalani Kaneakua, Kawika Crivello, Kealoha Hoe, "Kimo" Lyman, Kawai Warren, Kamaki Worthington[94]
Tahiti, French Polynesia – Kaunakakai, Molokaʻi, Hawaiʻi, United States: 5 February 2000 to 27 February 2000[91]
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Navigator: Shantell Ching; Crew: "Snake" Ah Hee, Chad Baybayan, Pomaikalani "Pomai" Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, Sam Low, Joey Mallot, Kahualaulani Mick, Kaʻiulani Murphy, Kauʻi Pelekane, "Tava" Taupu, Michael Tongg, Dr. Patrice Ming-Lei Tim Sing, Kona Woolsey[95]
In 2003, Hōkūleʻa sailed to
Oahu – Kauaʻi: 7 September 2003 to ?
Captain: Bruce Blankenfeld; Crew: Carey Amimoto, Anela Benson, Leimomi Dierks, Timmy Gilliom, Kiki Hugho, Nohea Kaiaokamalie, Jerry Muller, Dean Nikaido, Mel Paoa, Ronson Sahut, Jan TenBruggencate, Boyd Yap[104]
Kauaʻi – Nihoa: 9 September 2003 to ?
Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: Russell Amimoto, Naʻalehu Anthony, Bruce Blankenfeld, Nohea Kaiaokamalie, Cindy Macfarlane, Mel Paoa, Jan TenBruggencate, Kana Uchino, Alex Wegman, Aulani Wilhelm
ʻ Harbor, ʻ, Hawaiʻi – ʻ, Kauaʻi: 2 May 2004 to 3 May 2004[105]
Navigator: Kaʻiulani Murphy; Captain: Russell Amimoto; Crew: Jan TenBruggencate,
ʻ Bay, Kauaʻi – Nihoa Island – Tern Island, French Frigate Shoals – Laysan Island – Lisianski Island – Pearl and Hermes Atoll – Green Island, Kure Atoll – Midway Atoll: 23 May 2004 to 9 June 2004
Navigator: Kaʻiulani Murphy; Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Sailing Master: Bruce Blankenfeld; Watch Captain: Russell Amimoto; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Ann Bell; Leimomi Kekina Dierks, Randy Kosaki, Keoni Kuoha, Cherie Shehata, MD, "Tava" Taupu, Jan TenBruggencate, Kanako Uchino, Kaleo Wong[106][107][108]
Midway Atoll – ʻ: 11 June 2004 to 22 June 2004[103]
Navigator: Bruce Blankenfeld; Captain: Mel Paoa; Terry Hee, Kealoha Hoe, Nohea Kaiaokamalie, Keoni Kuoha, Kaʻiulani Murphy, "Tava" Taupu, Mike Taylor, Gary Yuen[109]
ʻ – ʻ, ʻ, [103]: 23 June 2004 to 24 June 2004[103]
Captain: Russell Amimoto; Gerald Aikau[103][110]
One Ocean, One People (2007)
The One Ocean, One People theme united two voyages in celebration of Pacific voyaging, Pacific Islands, and cultural ties,[111] in passages to Micronesia and Japan. These voyages were named Kū Holo Mau and Kū Holo Lā Komohana.[112] Kama Hele escorted the voyage.
Kū Holo Mau
Accompanied by the canoe
: 23 January 2007 to 18 February 2007
Navigator and Captain: Bruce Blankenfeld; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Ben Tamura; Crew: Russell Amimoto, Bob Bee, Terry Hee, Nohea Kaiʻokamalie, Kaleo Wong, Palani Wright[115][112][116][117]
Marshall Islands, Republic of the Marshall Islands – Federated States of Micronesia, Federated States of Micronesia: 21 February 2007 to 28 February 2007
Navigator and Captain: Bruce Blankenfeld; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Gerald Akaka; Crew: Russell Amimoto, Terry Hee, Nohea Kaiʻokamalie, Gary Kubota, Kaleo Wong, Palani Wright[112][118]
Pohnpei – Chuuk: 6 March 2007 to 9 March 2007[112]
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Pomai Bertelmann, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi[119]
Chuuk – Satawal, Yap State: 11 March 2007 to 21 March 2007[112]
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Chad Baybayan, "Shorty" Bertelmann, Pomai Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, "Snake" Ah Hee, John Kruse, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi[120]
Satawal – Woleai Atoll: 19 March 2007 to 21 March 2007
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Chad Baybayan, "Shorty" Bertelmann, Pomai Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, "Snake" Ah Hee, John Kruse, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi[112][121]
Woleai – Ulithi Atoll: 21 March 2007 to 23 March 2007
Navigator: Kaʻiulani Murphy; Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Chad Baybayan, Pomai Bertelmann, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi[112][122][123]
Ulithi – Yap Island: 21 March 2007 to 23 March 2007
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Chad Baybayan, Pomai Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, Dr. Thane Hancock, "Snake" Ah Hee, John Kruse, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi[112][124]
): 29 March 2007 to 31 March 2007
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Vernon Andsell; Crew: Aaron Akina, Naʻalehu Anthony, Pomai Bertelmann, Dennis Eric Co, Emily Fielding, Keoni Kuoha, Waimea McKeague,
Palau – Colonia, Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia: 5 April 2007 to 7 April 2007[112]
Navigator: Kaʻiulani Murphy; Captain: Naʻalehu Anthony; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Nainoa Thompson; Medical Officer: Dr. Vernon Andsell; Crew: Aaron Akina, Pomai Bertelmann, Dennis Eric Co, Emily Fielding, Keoni Kuoha, Waimea McKeague, Pauline Sato, Patti Ann Solomon[125]
Kū Holo Lā Komohana
From Yap, the Hōkūleʻa sailed to
Yap, Federated States of Micronesia – Okinawa, Japan 11 April 2007 to 23 April 2007
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: Takuji Araki (Japan), Pomai Bertelmann, Timi Gilliom, Kaina Holomalia, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy, Maile Neff, Chadd Kaʻonohi Paishon, Dr. Pete Roney, Kanaka Uchino (Japan).[131]
Okinawa – Ōshima 28 April 2007 to 19 May 2007
Captain: Chad Baybayan; Crew: Imaikalani P. Aiu, Takuji Araki, Kalepa "Kala" Baybayan, Stephanie M. Beeby, Anela K. Benson, Dennis J. Chun, Monte Costa, Derek Ferrar, Timmy Gilliom, Heidi K. Guth, Kaimi C. Hermosura, Kiyoko Ikeda, William Keala Kai, Attwood Makanani, Chadd Kaʻonohi Paishon, Makaʻala Rawlins, Dr. Cherie L. Shehata, Van K. Warren[132]
Ōshima – Uwajima 26 May 2007 to 27 May 2007
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captain: Kaʻiulani Murphy; Crew: Imaikalani P. Aiu, Takuji Araki, Nanea Baird, Stephanie M. Beeby, Anela K. Benson, Pomai Bertelmann, Dennis J. Chun, Monte Costa, Heidi K. Guth, Kaimi C. Hermosura, Kiyoko Ikeda, William Keala Kai, Attwood Makanani, Chadd Kaʻonohi Paishon, Dr. Cherie L. Shehata, Sky Takemoto, Kanako Uchino, Van K. Warren[133]
Uwajima – Yokohama 3 June 2007 to 9 June 2007
Navigator and Captain: Bruce Blankenfeld; Senior Officers: Norman Piʻianaiʻa, "Tava" Taupu; Watch Captain: Naʻalehu Anthony; Crew: Takuji Araki, Chris Baird, Dennis Kawaharada, Attwood Makanani, Dr. Cherie L. Shehata, Patti-Ann Solomon; Watch Captain: Kaʻiulani Murphy; Crew: Pomai Bertelmann, Dean Nikaido, Chadd Kaʻonohi Paishon, Leighton Tseu (representing the Royal Order of Kamehameha), Kanako Uchino, Kiyotsugu Yoshida (Sunset Films)[134]
Malama Honua (worldwide voyage) (2014–2017)
Legs
- Polynesia, May 2014 – April 2015[135]
- Malama Hawaiʻi: Statewide Sail
- Hawaiʻi – Tahiti
- Tahiti – Samoa
- Apia and Phoenix Islands
- Tutuila to Aotearoa
- Aotearoa I
- [Australia and] Indian Ocean, May 2015 – December 2015[135]
- Atlantic and Caribbean, January 2016 – February 2016[135]
- January 2016 St. Helena, en route to Brazil
- March 2016 US Virgin Islands in the Caribbean
- March 2016 Havana, Cuba[137]
- 'N. America & Canada', April 2016 – December 2016[135]
- April 2016 interior waterways of Florida
- April 2016 NASA Kennedy Space Center
- May 2016 Washington, D.C.
- June 2016 New York City[136]
- June 2016 Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine
- July 2016 Mystic Seaport
- July 2016 Martha's Vineyard
- July 2016 Mt. Desert Island, Maine
- August 2016 Nova Scotia and the Bay of Fundy
- September 2016 (Great Lakes journey) Great Lakes and Ontario, Canada.
- September 2016 Glens Falls, New York
- October 2016 Virginia (dry docked for maintenance, and on display)
- December 2016 Miami
- December 2016 towards the Panama Canal
- January 2017 'reached Panama this week'[137]
- Pacific Return January 2017 – June 2017[135]
Moananuiakea, a Voyage for Earth (2023–2027)
This article is missing information about this voyage.(September 2023) |
- The 43,000-nautical-mile, 47-month circumnavigation of the Pacific with the Hikianali[139] included an unplanned return to Hawaii to bring inspiration and warmth after the 2023 Hawaii wildfires.[140] The navigator, Nainoa Thompson, gave a public talk, hosted by Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, while the canoe was docked in Marina del Rey, California.[141]
Legs
- September–November 2023: West Coast of the United States
- California: October–November 2023[142]
- Monterey Bay: October 5–8
- Morro Bay: October 13–16
- Ventura: October 18–22
- Marina del Rey: October 24–30
- Newport Beach: October 30 – November 4
- Dana Point: November 4–8
- San Diego: November 8–14
- California: October–November 2023[142]
Images
-
Hokule'a 2009
-
Motto, Kapu nā Keiki,[143] engraved on a crossbeam of Hōkūle'a
-
Steering sweep grip of portside
-
Mau's name carved into the rail at the navigator's seat on the port rear quarter of Hōkūle'a
-
Thousands line the channel to welcome Hōkūle'a home from her worldwide voyage in June 2018
-
Galley[144]
-
Inside a compartment
-
Radio system
-
Hōkūle‘a atKailua Beach, 1 May 2005
-
Hōkūle‘a arrives in Yokohama Bay, 2007; Yokohama Bay Bridge in background
-
Escort boat Kama Hele at Port of Yokohama during the 2007 Micronesia-Japan voyage
See also
- Hawaiʻiloa
- History of the Pacific Islands
- Pacific Islands
- Polynesian navigation
- Experimental archaeology
- Marumaru Atua
Notes
- a. contract laborers to the Islands' sugarcane plantations, many of whom remained in Hawaiʻi, forever weaving their heritage into the fabric of Island life.
- For voyages across the International Date Line, dates shown below are standardized on Hawai‘i time.
Footnotes
- ^ a b c d Hōkūle‘a Image Gallery (From 1973) archive.hokulea.com, accessed 12 February 2020
- University of Hawaii Press.
- ^ Finney & Among (1994), p. xiii, offers pronunciation guidance for the boat's name, "The macrons ["kahakō" in Hawaiian] over vowels indicate that they are longer than unmarked vowels and are stressed. The ʻ [character, called "okina",] indicates a consonant called a glottal stop. It is similar to the sound between oh's in the English oh-oh."
- .
- University of Hawaii Press.
- ^ Unattributed. "Canoe Parts--Hōkūle'a". Polynesian Voyaging Society Visuals (in Hawaiian and American English). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 4 September 2012. A line drawing with vessel specifications, configuration, and parts named.
- Gannett Company. Retrieved 9 August 2008. Requires Flash, a free downloadable viewer from Adobe.
- ^ a b c Unattributed. "The Building of the Hōkūle'a – 1973–75". Canoe Building. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
- ^ State of Hawaiʻi, House of Representatives, Twenty-third Legislature, 2006, House Resolution 267 Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine. Read the text of the State Resolution honoring Master Navigator Mau Piailug and the inaugural crew for their achievements.
- ^ Finney, Ben. "Voyaging into Polynesia's Past: The Founding of the Polynesian Voyaging Society". Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 4 September 2012. Dr. Finney discusses founding of the Polynesian Voyaging Society and gives background on contrasting theories of Polynesian settlement such as Thor Heyerdahl (settlement from Americas), Andrew Sharp (settlement by chance from drift voyaging), and others proposed.
- PBS. The Heyerdahl and Sharp section of the related PBS website summarizes theories of Polynesian settlement which the Hōkūle‘a voyages empirically undercut.
- Taiwanese Aborigines and East Asians.
- ^ Finney & Among 1994, p. 71 Though Finney's Voyage of Rediscovery is primarily about the nearly two-year voyage of that name, 1985–1987, here Finney speaks about the canoe's original construction and 1976 voyage.
- ^ Due to the International Date Line, the voyage was completed on 8 June, Hawaiʻi time.
- ^ Shikina, Rob (5 April 2009). "Journey's End". starbulletin.com. Retrieved 25 June 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Polynesian Voyaging Society. "Palmyra Training Sail". Hokulea Worldwide Voyage. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2009. About the Palmyra Training Sail
- ^ Polynesian Voyaging Society. "Daily Google Maps Position Tracking for Palmyra Sail". Hokulea Worldwide Voyage. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
- ^ Polynesian Voyaging Society. "The Journey". Hokulea Worldwide Voyage – Mälama Honua. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 17 November 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
- ^ Davis, Chelsea (20 May 2014). "Hokule'a and its sister vessel Hikianalia set sail". Hawaii News Now. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
- ^ "Tradition, elation marks Hokulea's triumphant homecoming". Hawaii News Now. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
- ^ Unattributed. "Hokule'a Plans". The Building of the Hokule‘a. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
- ^ Brulliard, Karin (11 September 2023). "Lost in Lahaina: A family's cultural legacy, a community's identity". Washington Post. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ a b Kubota, Gary (18 March 2007). "Navigators' Journey of Spirit, Skill Ends: Five Polynesians are Recognized as Select Master Wayfinders". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Oahu Publications, Inc. Retrieved 6 August 2008. Describes the 2007 induction of Nainoa Thompson, Milton "Shorty" Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, Chadd Kaʻonohi Paishon, and Chad Kalepa Baybayan into Pwo, 32 years after Hōkūle‘a's launching, in recognition of their mastery of Micronesian non-instrument navigation as taught by Mau Piailug. This reference adds that the Pwo ceremony had not been conducted in fifty years, whereas Pwo suggests this was the first Pwo in fifty-six years
- Gannett Company. Retrieved 6 August 2008. Mentions the 1969 death of the last recognized Polynesian navigator and existence of only six Micronesian non-instrument navigators due to younger seafarers' adoption of GPS and outboard motorsover the rigors of learning ancestral non-instrument means of navigating sailing canoes.
- ^ Thompson 2006.
- ^ KITV.com (12 July 2010). "Master Navigator Mau Piailug Dies". KITV Honolulu News. Archived from the original on 8 September 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
- ^ a b "1976 Hawai'i to Tahiti and Back". Polynesian Voyaging Society.
- ^ Benson, Bruce (14 June 1976). "Hokule'a Sailors seek navigator for Hawaii trip". The Honolulu Advertiser. Honolulu. p. 9. Retrieved 4 July 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
- OCLC 4722789.
- OCLC 29466770.
- ^ Adamski, Mary. Sea Captain Promoted Merchant Fleet Careers Star Bulletin, Honolulu, 31 January 2006, retrieved 23 July 2008. Notes Dave Lyman's untimely death in 2006 unrelated to sailing on Hōkūleʻa
- ^ Kubota, Gary T. (7 July 2006). "The First Voyage: Commemorating Hokuleas Historic 1976 Journey" (PDF). Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Gannett Company. Retrieved 25 June 2009. This source (p.2) cites inaugural voyage's ending when Hōkūleʻa returned to Hawaiʻi on 26 July 1976; for return voyage's date of commencement, note the citation immediately following.
- ^ Unattributed. "Hōkūleʻa 1976". Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 4 June 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2012. Map of voyage mentions Hōkūleʻa 1976 return leg length of 22 days.
- ^ a b c Kawaharada, Dennis (1993). "5. In the Northeast Tradewinds". KCCN Hawaiian Radio Cultural Vignette Series: No Nā Mamo. Polynesian Voyaging Society and KCCN Hawaiian Radio. Archived from the original on 23 January 2010. Retrieved 4 September 2012. Kawaharada adds that the vessel can sail at just over 10 knots (10 mph; 20 km/h) knots in stronger winds and following seas.
- ^ Keani Reiner
- ^ a b Piʻianaiʻa, Gordon. "Kealaikahiki: The Tradition" (PDF). Polynesian Seafaring Heritage. The Kamehameha Schools and the Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
- ^ a b Kawaharada, Dennis. "1992 Voyage: Sail to Rarotonga". No Nā Mamo: For the Children. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 11 August 2008. The writer mentions Piʻianaiʻa's 1977 voyage in his article on the 1992 voyage.
- ^ Bakutis, Bunky (8 April 1977). "Hōkūleʻa Test Voyage Backs Channel Theory". The Honolulu Advertiser. Persis Corporation. pp. A–6. Retrieved 6 September 2012. The article appears alongside others on the same topic on a scanned page which aggregates them.
- ^ Unattributed. "1977 – Kealaikahiki". Polynesian Voyaging Society Archives – Secondary Source Information – Crew List. Kamehameha Schools Archives. Retrieved 20 August 2008. This document includes Bret Berber and Boogie Kalama as crew on the Kealaikahiki Project, whereas Kyselka does not.
- ^ a b "Nainoa Thompson". Hawaiian Voyaging Traditions. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
- ^ Polhemus, David (3 March 1978). "Hōkūleʻa capsizes; 2 copters shuttle crew here; 1 missing". Honolulu Advertiser. Gannett Corporation. Retrieved 16 August 2008. Retrieved from Kamehameha Schools archives of Polynesian Voyaging Society activities.
- ^ a b Franseen, R.A. "61' S/Catamaran "Hokule'a", O.N. 571798; Investigation into the Swamping [rest deleted]" (PDF). Report of Investigation, Commander, 14th Coast Guard District. United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 16 August 2008. Retrieved from Unattributed. "1978 – Voyage to Tahiti – Analysis: Coast Guard Fact Finding". Kamehameha Schools Archives: Polynesian Voyaging Society Archives, Set 2: 1978–1984. Kamehameha Schools. Retrieved 16 August 2008.
- ^ ISBN 0-8248-1112-7.
- ^ OCLC 607259780.(subscription required)
- ^ Later Marion Lyman-Mersereau
- ^ Unattributed. "Voyage to Tahiti Cancelled After Canoe Swamping – 1978". Voyages: From 1976. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 17 September 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
- ^ Nainoa explains in Wayfinding that Mau had not previously shared this detail. The delicacy of Mau's signal reading demonstrates the navigator's intimate connection to his environment.
- ^ In Wayfinding, Dennis Kawaharada quotes Nainoa Thompson sharing knowledge of how to read birds for navigation, learned from Mau.
- ^ Unattributed (1979). "Syllabus materials" (PDF). Hokule‘a Training Program. The Kamehameha Schools Archives and the Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
- ^ Unattributed (9 February 1980). "Communications and Electronic Safety Measures Taken for your Voyage to Tahiti and Back". Polynesian Voyaging Society Archives. The Kamehameha Schools Archives and the Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 20 August 2008. Documents use of escort boat and some of the safety measures implemented for the 1980 voyage.
- ^ a b Hollis, Robert (17 April 1980). "Tahitians welcome Hokule'a". The Honolulu Advertiser. Persis Corporation. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
- Gannett Company. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
- ^ Finney, Ben. "Voyaging into Polynesia's Past; Hawaiʻi to Tahiti and Return: 1980". 1980 Voyage Homepage. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
- ^ Finney & Among 1994, p. 96.
- ISBN 0-908665-59-8. Dr. Finney gives a short account of the Voyage of Rediscovery.
- ^ Finney & Among 1994, p. 120.
- ^ Finney & Among 1994, pp. 327–329 This is the authoritative printed crew list for these legs of the voyage.
- ^ Unattributed. "Voyage of Rediscovery: 1985–87". Voyage of Rediscovery. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 22 July 2010. This page lists crew for all legs of the Voyage of Rediscovery and directs readers to further resources. Raukete Tuiravakai and Reo Tuiravakai, both of Aitutaki, are omitted from this web list but shown in Finney & Among 1994, p. 328
- ^ Thompson, Nainoa. "The Voyage of Rediscovery: 1985–1987". The Voyage of Rediscovery. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 17 September 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2012. Nainoa's moving account of the voyage to Waitangi that reconnected Māori and Hawaiian with their ancestral history.
- Secretariat of the Pacific Community. Archived from the originalon 12 December 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
- ^ Unattributed. "Overview of the Festival of Pacific Arts". Festival of Pacific Arts. Archived from the original on 31 October 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2012. This festival brings together cultures from across the Pacific every four years.
- ^ Unattributed. "Voyage to Ra'iatea and Rarotonga: 1992". Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 17 September 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
- ^ Wong, Wallace. "Journal of Wallace Wong: Rarotonga to Hawaiʻi, November 16–30, 1992". No Nā Mamo: For the Children. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
- ^ Kubota, Gary T. (7 July 2006). "Hokule'a 30th Anniversary" (PDF). Honolulu Star-Bulletin; Hokule'a 30th Anniversary Special Section. Oahu Publications, Inc. Retrieved 28 August 2008. On p.2, the section on the 1992 voyage notes the Honaunau departure.
- ^ Chun, Dennis. "1992 Voyage: Hawai'i to Tahiti". Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 17 September 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2012. Provides narrative about first leg of No Na Mamo and biographical information on key crew members.
- ^ Kawaharada, Dennis. "1992 Voyage: Sail to Ra'iatea". No Na Mamo Voyage to Ra'iatea and Rarotonga. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2012. A narrative of the voyage by Communications crew Kawaharada.
- ^ Kawaharada, Dennis. "1992: The Voyage Home". No Na Mamo Voyage to Ra‘iatea and Rarotonga. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
- ^ Finney, Ben. "Sin at Awarua". 1995 Voyage to Nukuhiva in the Marquesas Islands. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
- ^ Unattributed. "Map of 1995 Na ʻOhana Holo Moana Voyage". Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
- ^ Louvat, Marc. "Meeting at Taputapuatea, 1995". A Fano Ra – Navigation Ancestrale (in French and American English). Institut de la Communication Audiovisuelle – Polynésie française. Archived from the original on 24 September 2007. Retrieved 5 August 2008. This is 20MB Flash video of the 1995 ceremony at Taputapuatea marae.
- ^ Unattributed. "Departure from Hawaiʻi (Feb 3–11)". Spring 1995: Nā ʻOhana Holo Moana. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 7 August 2008.
- ^ Unattributed. "Landfall Tahiti (Feb. 27- Mar. 5)". Spring 1995: Na ʻOhana Holo Moana. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
- ^ Unattributed. "Ceremonies at Taputapuatea, Raʻiatea (Mar. 7–29)". Spring 1995: Na ʻOhana Holo Moana. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 8 August 2008.
- ^ Unattributed. "To Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands (April 15–18)". Spring 1995: Na ʻOhana Holo Moana. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2012. Documents dates of departure from Tautira and arrival at Taiohae Bay.
- ^ Unattributed. "Welcome Back to Hawaiʻi (May 3–14)". Spring 1995: Na ʻOhana Holo Moana. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 7 August 2008.
- ^ a b Unattributed. "Sailing for Hawaiʻi (Apr. 20-May 2)". Spring 1995: Na ʻOhana Holo Moana. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 7 August 2008.
- ^ Unattributed. "Crew List 1995 Nuku Hiva". The Polynesian Voyaging Society Archives. The Kamehameha Schools and the Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 26 August 2008. This source shows Kainoa Lee as crew on Hōkūleʻa while the PVS website shows him as a watch captain, not on Hōkūleʻa, but rather, on Hawai‘iloa.
- Southeast Alaska was to thank these people for their kindness and to recognize their contribution to Hawaiian native culture (See Northwest-Alaska 1995 Homeon Polynesian Voyaging Society web site, retrieved 7 August 2008)
- ^ Saurer, Beth (Fall 1995). "Sailing and Practicing Law the Hawaiian Way". California Western Alumni News (in American English and Hawaiian). San Diego: California Western School of Law: 1, 4. Beth Atuatasi was aboard from San Diego to San Pedro
- ^ a b c Unattributed. "The Northwest-Alaska and West Coast Tours". Summer 1995: Northwest-Alaska and West Coast Tours. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
- ^ Atuatasi (née Saurer), Beth; Mario Borja; Dewey Slough (1995). Pacific Islander Festival program booklet (First ed.). San Diego: Hōkūleʻa Steering Committee. Documents Gil Ane, Chad Baybayan, Moana Doi, Laulima Lyman, Leon Sterling, Matthew Tongg, Michael Tongg
- ^ a b c d e f Unattributed. "Voyaging Schedule for the West Coast Trip of the Hokuleʻa Voyaging Canoe". Polynesian Voyaging Society Archives. The Kamehameha Schools and the Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
- ^ Unattributed (2 August 2006). "Introduction to the Village". Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. United States National Park Service. Retrieved 6 September 2008. About Kanaka Village.
- ^ Brookman, David Y. (2007). "Mata Hoe Vaka Kahu Kahu O Hera Rapa Nui". [www.netaxs.com/~trance/rapanui.html Easter Island Home Page]. David Y. Brookman. Archived from the original on 25 September 2008. Retrieved 8 September 2008.
- ^ Unattributed. "Vision, Exploration and the Voyage to Rapa Nui (map)". 1999–2000 Voyage to Rapa Nui. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 22 July 2010. A map of the voyage showing projected route.
- ^ Unattributed. "Isles of Hiva (The Marquesas)". The Voyage to Nuku Hiva: Leg 2: Nukuhiva to Mangareva. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 24 August 2008.
- ^ Unattributed. "Voyage to the Marquesas: June 15 – July 14". Closing the Triangle: A Quest for Rapa Nui. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
- ^ Unattributed (23 July 1999). "Closing the Triangle: A Quest for Rapa Nui". Voyages: From 1976. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
- ^ a b c Unattributed. "Leg 1: Hawaiʻi to Nukuhiva". The Voyage to Rapa Nui 1999–2000. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
- ^ a b c d e Unattributed. "The Voyage to Rapa Nui 1999–2000". Voyages: From 1976. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 17 September 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2012. This page gives arrival and departure dates for all the passages of this voyage.
- ^ a b Unattributed. "Leg 2: Nukuhiva to Mangareva". The Voyage to Rapa Nui 1999–2000. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
- ^ Unattributed. "Leg 3: Mangareva to Rapa Nui". The Voyage to Rapa Nui 1999–2000. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
- ^ Unattributed. "Leg 4: Rapa Nui to Tahiti". The Voyage to Rapa Nui 1999–2000. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
- ^ Unattributed. "Leg 5: Tahiti to Hawaiʻi". The Voyage to Rapa Nui 1999–2000. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
- ^ Unattributed. "Navigating Change: The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands 2003–2004". Voyages: From 1976. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
- ^ "Establishment of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument".
- U.S. Department of the Interior. 2 March 2007. Archived from the originalon 21 October 2007. Retrieved 28 August 2008.
- ^ Saul, Susan. "Hokule'a Voyages Through Hawaiian Islands NWR". U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 4 October 2008. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
- ^ O'Conner, Maura; Lise Martel (June 2008). "A Teacher's Guide to Navigating Change" (PDF). HawaiianAtolls.org. Bishop Museum, Co-Trustees of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2008. Retrieved 2 September 2008.
- ^ "Navigating Change: The 2003 Voyage to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands". Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 8 October 2003.
- ^ a b c d e TenBruggencate, Jan (23 June 2004). "Hokule'a prepares for passage into future". Honolulu Advertiser. Gannett Corporation. Retrieved 2 September 2008. Cites date of return to Kauaʻi; note that the contemplated September 2004 trip to Palmyra Atoll, Christmas Island, and return to Hawaiʻi under navigator Kaʻiulani Murphy and captain Russell Amimoto did not take place.
- ^ "Crew List 2003–2004 Northwestern Islands Navigating Change". The Polynesian Voyaging Society Crew List. The Kamehameha Schools and the Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 28 August 2008.
- ^ TenBruggencate, Jan (3 May 2004). "Recovering the seafaring tradition of Hawaiʻi". Honolulu Advertiser. Gannett Corporation. Retrieved 2 September 2008. Navigation to Nihoa and Mokumanamana (Necker Island) was done using traditional methods. Reefs circling islands further northwest are too low to spot from a safe distance, so positions for the remaining part of the journey are cross-checked against gps for safety.
- ^ TenBruggencate, Jan (2004). "Navigating Change: Hokule'a's new mission, Mission and Crew". The Honolulu Advertiser Special Report: The Other Hawai‘i, A Journey to the Northwest Hawaiian Islands with Hokuleʻa. Gannett Co. Retrieved 26 September 2008.
- ^ TenBruggencate, Jan (24 May 2004). "After delays, Hokule'a voyage finally begins". Honolulu Advertiser. Gannett Corporation. Retrieved 2 September 2008.
- ^ TenBruggencate, Jan (7 June 2004). "Northwest islands dotted with wrecks of old vessels". Honolulu Advertiser. Gannett Corporation. Retrieved 2 September 2008.
- ^ TenBruggencate, Jan (12 June 2004). "Hokule'a begins trip home". Honolulu Advertiser. Gannett Corporation. Retrieved 2 September 2008.
- ^ TenBruggencate, Jan (2004). "Main page". The Honolulu Advertiser Special Report: The Other Hawai‘i, A Journey to the Northwest Hawaiian Islands with Hokuleʻa. Gannett Co. Retrieved 26 September 2008.
- ^ Coleman, Stuart H. (December 2006). "Stars in His Head: The Last of the Wayfinders". Spirit of Aloha.com. Honolulu Publishing Company. Archived from the original on 8 June 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2008. An overview of the Hokule‘a story.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Unattributed. "One Ocean, One People". Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 30 September 2010.Gives details of stops, dates.
- ^ Kama Hele – The Ultimate Escort Vessel
- ^ "Pwo Ceremony on Satawal, March 15–20, 2007". Kū Holo Mau: 2007 Voyage for Mau. Polynesian Voyaging Society. 26 March 2007. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
- ^ Unattributed. "Leg 1: Hawaiʻi to Majuro: Crew Lists". 2007 Voyage Weblog. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 28 July 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
- ^ Unattributed. "Map of Kū Holo Mau Voyage". 2007 One Ocean, One People. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
- ^ Kathy. "What a Beautiful Departure it Was". 2007 Voyage Weblog. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 28 July 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2008.Narrative about the departure from Kawaihae also mentions sailing plan and gift of Alingano Maisu to Mau Piailug.
- ^ Kaʻiulani, Murphy. "Kaʻiulani's Hokule'a Reports: 2/18, 2/19, 2/20, and 2/21-on our way to Pohnpei". 2007 Voyage Weblog. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
- ^ Unattributed (6 March 2007). "3/8 Crew Lists Pohnpei to Chuuk". 2007 Voyage Weblog. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
- ^ Murphy, Kaʻiulani (12 March 2007). "3/12 Underway to Satawal". 2007 Voyage Weblog. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
- ^ Kubota, Gary T. (20 March 2007). "Voyagers to Pay Homage to Chiefs: The Crews are Sailing to Woleai Atoll, then to Ulithi and Yap". Honolulu Star-Bulletin Mobile Edition. Oahu Publications, Inc. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
- ^ Unknown, Kathy (26 March 2007). "3/26 Kathy's Report, recapping Chuuk to Yap". 2007 Voyage Weblog. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
- ^ Bertelmann, Pomaikalani (2 April 2007). "4/2 "Venus to the Moon, a run for CAPT."". 2007 Voyage Weblog. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2008. Mentions some crew leaving the vessel at Woleai.
- ^ Murphy, Kaʻiulani (25 March 2007). "3/24 & 25: Kaʻiulani Reports, from Ulithi and Yap". 2007 Voyage Weblog. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2008. Includes addition of Dr. Hancock to crew.
- ^ a b Polynesian Voyaging Society (28 March 2007). "3/28 Crew Lists: Yap-Palau-Yap". 2007 Voyage Weblog. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
- ^ unknown, Kathy (29 March 2007). "3/29 Kathy reports from Yap: Hōkūleʻa and Maisu depart for Palau". 2007 Voyage Weblog. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2008. Mentions president of Palau, Tommy Remengesau, sailing from Yap to Palau on Hōkūleʻa.
- ^ The Nature Conservancy; photo by Pauline Sato. "Islands of Sustainability: Lessons from Palau's Coral Reefs". The Nature Conservancy in Hawaii. The Nature Conservancy. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
- ^ Shintani, M. Google Tracking Map Archived 21 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine of Kū Holo Lā Komohana voyage.
- ^ Unattributed (17 July 2007). "Kama Hele arrives home". 2007 Voyage Weblog. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 29 August 2008. Retrieved 2 August 2008.
- ^ Interview with Nainoa Thompson Archived 2008-05-12 at the Wayback Machine, (in en-US or jpn), YouTube video on Polynesian Voyaging Society site, about the One Ocean, One People voyage, retrieved 9 August 2008.
- ^ Polynesian Voyaging Society. "4/12: Hōkūleʻa Departs from Yap for Okinawa, Japan". 2007 Voyage Weblog. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2008.
- ^ Baybayan, Chad (14 May 2007). "5/14 HST: Crew Lists to Ōshima". 2007 Voyage Weblog. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
- ^ Ontiveros, Ramona (27 May 2007). "5/27: On its Way to Ehime". 2007 Voyage Weblog. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
- ^ Unattributed (1 June 2007). "Uwajima to Yokohama Crew List". 2007 Voyage Weblog. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
- ^ a b c d e 'worldwide voyage', at hokulea.com Accessed June 18, 2017
- ^ a b 'Hawaiian Hokule'a canoe makes it round the world', at bbc.co.uk Accessed June 18, 2017
- ^ a b c d "Malama Honua Voyage", I Mua Newsroom, at ksbe.edu Accessed 30 June 2017
- ^ Homecoming, at hokulea.com/home/ Accessed June 18, 2017
- ^ "VIDEO: The Hokule'a arrives in San Francisco Bay". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. 24 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
- ^ Richardson, Mahealani (27 September 2023). "To offer solace to communities in mourning, Hokulea will temporarily return to Hawaii". HawaiiNewsNow. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
- ^ Grigoryants, Olga (25 October 2023). "Hawaii's famous Hōkūleʻa canoe docked at Marina del Rey park". Daily News. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
- ^ California Coast Port Schedule and Public Events. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- ^ Kapu Nā Keiki web page translates the motto into en-US as "Hold Sacred the Children," which refers to the children's outreach program by this name.
- ^ Fuller, Catherine (23 August 1999). "Journal, Leg 2: Nukuhiva to Mangareva". The Voyage to Rapa Nui 1999–2000. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 17 September 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
- ^ Polynesian Voyaging Society now (2017-06-21) at hokulea.com Accessed 2017-06-21
- ^ Polynesian Voyaging Society crewmembers at hokulea.com Accessed 2017-06-21
References
- ISBN 0-520-08002-5.
- Goodell, Lela (1989). "Polynesian Voyaging Society: Introduction" (PDF). A Guide to the Archives of the Polynesian Voyaging Society and Voyages of the Hōkūleʻa (in American English and Hawaiian). The Kamehameha Schools. p. 5. Retrieved 28 August 2008.
- Thompson, Nainoa (2006) [First published 1996]. "Reflections on Mau Piailug: Master Navigator, Master Teacher". Ku Holo Mau: 2007 Voyage to Micronesia for Mau Piailug. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) (Archived by WebCite at ) - Kyselka, Will; Thompson, Nainoa. Lindo, Cecilia Kapua; Mower, Nancy Alpert (eds.). "Kealaikahiki: A New Look at Old Routes" (PDF). Polynesian Seafaring Heritage. Map by Ray Lanterman. The Kamehameha Schools and the Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
External links
- Brief introduction to navigating by the stars
- Hōkūle‘a – Star of Gladness on YouTube.com, performed by the Hawaiian artist Israel Kamakawiwoʻole
- Honolulu Advertiser Hōkūle‘a Voyage Special
- Sam Low's Voyages of Awakening, 25 years of Hōkūle‘a'
- Polynesian Voyaging Society website
- Hawaiian Voyaging Traditions on Kapi‘olani Community College website
- Hawaiian Voyaging Traditions section on the building, launching of Hōkūle‘a
- Public Broadcasting Service website for Wayfinders: A Pacific Odyssey, a film about the ancient Polynesian sea voyaging tradition
- Uncle Charlie's personal website on Hōkūle‘a, by Charles Kauluwehi Maxwell Sr.
- Hōkūle‘a Worldwide Voyage