Henry Edward Manning
Catholicism (formerly Anglicanism ) | |
---|---|
Parents | William and Mary (née Hunter) Manning |
Spouse |
Caroline Sargent
(m. 1833; died 1837) |
Previous post(s) |
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Education | Balliol College, Oxford |
Henry Edward Manning (15 July 1808 – 14 January 1892) was an English prelate of the Catholic Church, and the second Archbishop of Westminster from 1865 until his death in 1892.[2] He was ordained in the Church of England as a young man, but converted to Catholicism in the aftermath of the Gorham judgement.
Early life
Manning was born on 15 July 1808 at his grandfather's home,
Manning spent his boyhood mainly at
Manning matriculated at
Anglican cleric
Returning to Oxford in 1832, he gained election as a fellow of Merton College and received ordination as a deacon in the Church of England. In January 1833 he became curate to John Sargent, Rector of Lavington-with-Graffham, West Sussex. In May 1833, following Sargent's death, he succeeded him as rector[7] due to the patronage of Sargent's mother.
Manning married Caroline, John Sargent's daughter,[7] on 7 November 1833, in a ceremony performed by the bride's brother-in-law, the Revd Samuel Wilberforce, later Bishop of Oxford and Winchester. Manning's marriage did not last long: his young wife came of a consumptive family and died childless on 24 July 1837.[5] When Manning died many years later, for decades a celibate Catholic cleric, a locket containing his wife's picture was found on a chain around his neck.
Though he never became an acknowledged disciple of
In 1838 he took a leading part in the church education movement, by which diocesan boards were established throughout the country; and he wrote an open letter to his bishop in criticism of the recent appointment of the ecclesiastical commission. In December of that year he paid his first visit to Rome and called on
In January 1841 Philip Shuttleworth, Bishop of Chichester, appointed Manning as the Archdeacon of Chichester,[9] whereupon he began a personal visitation of each parish within his district, completing the task in 1843. In 1842 he published a treatise on The Unity of the Church and his reputation as an eloquent and earnest preacher being by this time considerable, he was in the same year appointed select preacher by his university, thus being called upon to fill from time to time the pulpit which Newman, as vicar of St Mary's, was just ceasing to occupy.[5]
Four volumes of Manning's sermons appeared between the years 1842 and 1850 and these had reached the 7th, 4th, 3rd and 2nd editions respectively in 1850, but were not afterwards reprinted. In 1844 his portrait was painted by George Richmond, and the same year he published a volume of university sermons, omitting the one on the Gunpowder Plot. This sermon had annoyed Newman and his more advanced disciples, but it was a proof that at that date Manning was loyal to the Church of England.[5][8]
Newman's secession in 1845 placed Manning in a position of greater responsibility, as one of the High Church leaders, along with
Conversion to Catholicism
Manning's belief in Anglicanism was shattered in 1850 when, in the so-called
The following year, on 6 April 1851, Manning was
In 1857, he established at Wiseman's direction the mission of St Mary of the Angels, Bayswater, to serve labourers building Paddington Station. There he founded, at Wiseman's request, the Congregation of the Oblates of St. Charles.[12] This new community of secular priests was the joint work of Cardinal Wiseman and Manning, for both had independently conceived of the idea of a community of this kind, and Manning had studied the life and work of Charles Borromeo in his Anglican days at Lavington and had, moreover, visited the Oblates at Milan, in 1856, to satisfy himself that their rule could be adapted to the needs of Westminster. Manning became superior of the congregation.[4]
Archbishop
In 1865 he was appointed Archbishop of Westminster.[13]
Among his accomplishments as head of the Catholic Church in England were the acquisition of the site for Westminster Cathedral, but his focus was on a greatly expanded system of Catholic education,[13] including the establishment of the short-lived Catholic University College in Kensington.
In 1875 Manning was created
Manning approved the founding of the Catholic Association Pilgrimage.
Influence on social justice teaching
Manning was very influential in setting the direction of the modern Catholic Church. His warm relations with
Manning used this goodwill to promote a modern Catholic view of social justice. Several scholars consider Manning to be a key contributor to the papal encyclical Rerum novarum issued by Pope Leo XIII,[15][16]: 309 which marks the beginning of modern Catholic social justice teaching.[17]
For a portion of 1870, he was in Rome attending the First Vatican Council.[13] Manning was among the strongest supporters of the doctrine of papal infallibility, unlike Cardinal Newman who believed the doctrine but thought it might not be prudent to define it formally at the time. (For a comparison of Manning and Newman, see the section entitled "Relationships with other converts" in the article on Cardinal Newman.)
In 1888, Manning was interviewed by social activist and journalist
View of the priesthood
In 1883, Manning published The Eternal Priesthood, his most influential work.[21] In the book, Manning defended an elevated idea of the priesthood as, "in and of itself, an outstanding way to perfection, and even a 'state of perfection'".[22] In comparison to his polemical writings, The Eternal Priesthood is "austere" and "glacial",[21] arguing for a rigorous conception of the moral duties of the office. Manning additionally stressed the social function of the priest, who must be more to his community than a dispenser of the sacraments.[23]
Death and burial
Manning died on 14 January 1892, at which time his estate was probated at £3,527. He received a formal burial at
Works
- Rule of Faith (1839)
- Unity of the Church (1842)
- A charge delivered at the ordinary visitation of the archdeaconry of Chichester in July (1843)
- Sermons 4 vols. (1842–1850)
- The Present Crisis of the Holy See (1861)
- The Temporal Mission of the Holy Ghost or Reason and Revelation by Henry Edward Archbishop of Westminster. London: Longmans Green and Co. (1865)
- Rome and the Revolution (1867)
- Christ and Antichrist (1867)
- Petri Privilegium (1871)
- The Glories of the Sacred Heart (1876)[24]
- The True Story of the Vatican Council (1877)
- The Eternal Priesthood (1883)
- The Little Flowers of Saint Francis (Manning's translation from the Italian published 1894)
See also
Notes
- ^ "Archdeacons of Chichester". British History Online. Retrieved 15 April 2009.
- ^ Miranda, Salvador. "Henry Edward Manning". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved 9 April 2009.
- ^ "William Manning Profile & Legacies Summary". www.ucl.ac.uk. Legacies of British Slavery UCL. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d Kent, William. "Henry Edward Manning." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 29 December 2015 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Hutton 1911, p. 589.
- ^ Russell, G.W., Collections & Recollections (Revised edition, Smith Elder & Co, London, 1899), at page 42
- ^ a b Cross, F. L., ed. (1957) The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. London: Oxford University Press; pp. 849-850
- ^ a b c "Henry Edward Manning Papers (MSS 002)". pitts.emory.edu. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ISBN 978-1-107-02677-3
- ^ Strachey, Lytton (1918). Eminent Victorians. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co. pp. 54–57.
- ^ a b Hutton 1911, p. 590.
- ^ "Exhibition on life and legacy of Cardinal Manning". Catholicireland.net. 10 February 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ^ a b c Taylor, I.A., The Cardinal Democrat: Henry Edward Manning, London. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co., Ltd., 1908 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ G. W. Russell, Collections & Recollections (Revised edition, Smith, Elder & Co, London, 1899), at page 47.
- ^ Byers, Philip (9 December 2021). "Rerum novarum in the Anglosphere: An interview with Alice Gorton". Cushwa Center for the Study of American Catholicism. University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ^ PMID 33967100.
- JSTOR 43251610. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
120 years after Pope Leo XIII published Rerum Novarum in 1891, which kicked the whole show off, the Catholic Theological Association of Great Britain chose to have its annual conference on Catholic Social Teaching.
- ISBN 978-90-382-1340-8.
- ^ John Lucas, "Harkness, Margaret Elise (1854–1923)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online ed., May 2005 accessed 29 Dec 2015
- ^ "Votes for Women! The Catholic Contribution - Diocese of Westminster". rcdow.org.uk. 23 February 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ^ a b Adshead, S. A. M. (2000). The Philosophy of Religion in Nineteenth-century England and Beyond. London: Macmillan Press. p. 55.
- ^ Nichols, Aidan, O.P. (2011). Holy Order: Apostolic Priesthood from the New Testament to the Second Vatican Council. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 120.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Aubert, Roger; et al. History of the Church: IX. The Church in the Industrial age. Translated by Margit Resch. London: Burns & Oates. p. 136.
- ^ Manning, Henry Edward. The Glories of the Sacred Heart, London: Burns & Oates, 1876
References
- public domain: Hutton, Arthur Wollaston (1911). "Manning, Henry Edward". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 589–591. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Henry Edward Manning". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Further reading
- McClelland, Vincent Alan. Cardinal Manning: the Public Life and Influences, 1865–1892. London: Oxford University Press, 1962. xii, 256 p.
- Player, Robert. Lets Talk of Graves, of Worms, of Epitaphs, a fictionalised version of Manning's life, largely based on the famous acerbic polemic of Lytton Strachey in his Eminent Victorians.
External links
- Henry Edward Cardinal Manning www.catholic-hierarchy.org
- Works by or about Henry Edward Manning at Internet Archive
- Works by Henry Edward Manning at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- The Nuttall Encyclopædia. 1907. .
- Henry Edward Manning collection, 1826-1901(letters, sermons, and transcriptions) at Pitts Theological Library, Candler School of Theology
- Eminent Victorians at Project Gutenberg, a sardonic polemic deflating Manning and other prominent men of his time.
- Individual works
- The rule of faith: a sermon, preached in the cathedral church of Chichester, June 13, 1838; at the primary visitation of the right Reverend William, Lord Bishop of Chichester (1839)
- Sermons on ecclesiastical subjects: with an introduction on the relations of England to Christianity (1869)
- The fourfold sovereignty of God (1872)
- Lytton Strachey's essay on Manning from Eminent Victorians is available at http://www.bartleby.com/189/100.html
- "Cardinal Manning" Archived 5 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine poem by Dunstan Thompson