Holy Trinity Anglican Church, Woolloongabba
Holy Trinity Anglican Church | |
---|---|
Years built | 1930 |
Construction cost | £9,800 |
Administration | |
Diocese | Brisbane |
Parish | Holy Trinity, Woolloongabba |
Clergy | |
Priest(s) | Rev. Rosemary Gardiner |
Designated | 9 May 2008 |
Reference no. | 601875 |
Holy Trinity Anglican Church is a heritage-listed Anglican church at 68 Hawthorne Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Since 1869, three church buildings have stood on this hill top site. The current church was completed in 1930. It was designed by the architect Eric Ford, featuring Romanesque and Spanish Mission Revival style architecture. Its preserved original architectural features make the church a traditional wedding venue of inner Brisbane. The church was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 May 2008.[1]
History
Background
Woolloongabba is a densely occupied suburb of Brisbane, located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of the CBD.[2] Prior to the arrival of European people, Indigenous Australians lived in the area. These were people of the Turrbal nation.[3]
In 1825, the Moreton Bay colony, a penal colony, was established on the north bank of the Brisbane River.[4] Free settlement in the colony by European people was allowed from 1842.[5] From that time until the 1860s, the area south of the river that would become Woolloongabba remained an undeveloped stretch of wetland known as One Mile Swamp.[6]
In 1851, land in the One Mile Swamp area was made available for private purchase.[7] In 1864, a set of residential and business allotments, called the Clarence Town Estate, was sold by auction. Advertisements for the allotments cited the benefits of an uninterrupted supply of fresh water from One Mile Swamp; the development of transportation and mail routes through the area to places like Cleveland and Ipswich;[6] and the promise of a bridge across the Brisbane River.[8]
In 1869, an allotment at Clarence Town Estate, atop a hill at Woolloongabba was donated to the Anglican Diocese of Brisbane by the Reverend Robert Gregory Creyke (born 9 June 1820, Yorkshire – died 11 February 1889, Cleveland, Queensland). Creyke held multiple roles in the colony: he was a minister of the Church of England; district registrar for Moreton Bay from 6 January 1860; and Queensland acting deputy registrar general.[9][10] The deed of the allotment had been acquired in 1861 by his late son, also Robert Creyke, and Mary Ann Peterson. Meanwhile, a Church of England congregation had formed in the area. Its meetings and services were held in local buildings such as the Buffalo Hotel on the corner of Ipswich road and Hawthorne Street.[11][1]
1870–1874
In 1870, a simple wooden church was built after a design by the Irish born, Australian architect, Richard Gailey (1834–1924). At this time, the church was called, Woolloongabba Church of England, South Brisbane.[12] In 1873, the church was represented by Mr Robinson and children of the Sunday school at a meeting of the Church of England Sunday School Union in the City Botanic Gardens.[13] This first church building blew down in a storm in October 1874.[14]
1875–1889
A second church building was dedicated for service on 23 May 1875 by the Archdeacon
The Reverend Hugh Thomas Molesworth (born June 1860, New Brompton, Kent – died 30 June 1930 Brisbane) was appointed curate-in-charge of Holy Trinity in 1886. At that time, Holy Trinity was a church within the Parish of South Brisbane but the congregation was growing. For instance, in 1886, the Holy Trinity Sunday School numbered 143 children and 24 teachers.[20] Molesworth proposed the formation of a Woolloongabba parish, separate from that of South Brisbane. On 19 January 1888, the Holy Trinity Church of England Parish of Woolloongabba was constituted by the Brisbane Church of England Diocesan Council. Reverend David Ruddock (1850–1920) was appointed rector.[21] He ministered at the church until 1893 and was replaced by the Reverend Hugh Simmonds.[22]
In November 1889, a new wooden church hall and Sunday school were opened. The hall was designed by the Brisbane architect,
On 4 November 1895, two men were executed by hanging at Boggo Road Gaol. Reverend Simmonds, Rector of Woolloongabba Parish, in which the gaol stands, attended to one of the men, an Aboriginal man called Jacky.[24] The priest of Holy Trinity Woolloongabba, then Reverend W. P. Oakeley, also attended a condemned Aboriginal man called Billy Broom at Boggo Road Gaol on Monday 11 June 1900.[25]
1900–1914
Parish life around the turn of the century was busy; there were services with large congregations (a record 154 communicants on Sunday 12 April 1903), weddings, social gatherings, concerts and activities such as amateur dramatics, debating and cricket and fund raising events.[26][27][28]
However, on 28 April 1900, James Amos Drevesen (born 1879 – died 1954, Queensland), a 21 year old married man who worked carting produce from wharf to market, was diagnosed with Bubonic plague. He lived in a cottage at the lower part of Hawthorne Street, Woolloongabba. As authorities put in place quarantine measures, this street leading to Holy Trinity Woolloongabba was barricaded.[29][30]
The year 1901 was notable for the death of Queen Victoria. Services of mourning, featuring black and purple, took place at Holy Trinity Woolloongabba.[31]
In June 1906, a building fund was commenced to raise monies for a new and larger church building to accommodate Holy Trinity Woolloongabba's growing congregation.[32]
In 1910, Edward VII died. The words of the Reverend D. J. Garland at the services of Sunday 8 May 1910 reflected the mood of the congregation. Garland said the King's death had "come with a suddenness which had been so shocking that it was impossible for anyone to speak calmly of the calamity which had befallen the Empire". Many of those present at the services were wearing mourning clothes.[33] The Holy Trinity Women's Guild along with many other groups, delivered a wreath to the Brisbane mayoress at the town hall.[34] Just one week later, Holy Trinity Woolloongabba celebrated the fortieth anniversary of its dedication.[35]
World War I (1914–1918)
In the first months of the
By September 1918, some men were returning to the parish.[39] The rector, Cecil Edwards returned in January 1920.[40]
In the following year, the global influenza pandemic, known as the
Fire of 1929
In the 1920s, fund raising for a new church building at Holy Trinity Woolloongabba recommenced with a system of long-term subscriptions. A target amount of £5,000 was set.[42] However, on the evening of Wednesday 11 December 1929, the church was destroyed by fire. There were no injuries. The source of the fire was not apparent.[43] The claim to the Diocesan Fire Insurance Fund was £1,019.[44]
Gerald Sharp, Archbishop of Brisbane, lay the foundation stone of the new church on Sunday 2 May 1930.[45] Building of the new church was completed in September 1930.[46] Bishop Batty dedicated the new church on Saturday 4 October 1930.[11] A dedication festival took place on Sunday 4 October 1931 in the presence of the archbishop, Dr Sharp.[47]
In 1938, a basement columbarium with entry from steps from the southern facade below the vestry was added. It was the first of its kind in Queensland and probably in Australia. It measures 30 feet (9.1 m) by 26 feet (7.9 m) and houses 950 niches.[48]
World War II (1939–1945)
On Sunday 19 June 1949, a war memorial bell and belfry were dedicated at Holy Trinity Woolloongabba by Archbishop Halse.[49] The bell is cast with a memorial inscription to those who fell in World War II and a thanksgiving for peace.[50]
In April 1950, one of several
South East Freeway
In November 1972, the South East Freeway was opened. Its course bisected the Parish of Woolloongabba. Part of Hawthorne street was made a bridge over the freeway.[53] This marked geographical and psychological watershed in the history of Holy Trinity Woolloongabba.
2014 storm
On 27 November 2014 the church was extensively damaged by the supercell Brisbane hailstorm which hit Woolloongabba from the south. There were large hailstones and strong winds.[54] There was damage to the roof and the stained glass windows.[55]
Design and construction
The architectural design of the Holy Trinity Woolloongabba church building of 1930 demonstrates a late 1920s experiment into a hybrid of
The architects of the building were the firm Chambers and Ford of Brisbane (1920–1951). The firm was a partnership of Claude William Chambers and Eric Marshall Ford. The design was picked by a limited competition.[1] Tenders were called by Chambers and Ford in the February 1930 edition of the Architects and Builders Journal of Queensland and in the May 1930 edition of the journal the tender of J. H. Davis was accepted. The final cost of the church was approximately £9,800.[1]
The plan comprised a prominent tower,
Electric lighting was installed by Dudley Winterford. The plasterwork was done by James Bain and Son; the glazing by the Decorative Art Company; and the leadlights by
External architectural plan
The Spanish Mission revival characteristics include the stucco external finish,
The church has a traditional
Corner tower
The corner tower stands about three storeys or 75 feet (23 m) above ground level. At the base of the tower, on the northern face is a one storeyed semicircular projection, with a half dome roof clad with painted copper tiles. The tower has a square plan through to the second floor level. It then tapers inward to form a platform.
The platform is surmounted by a circular lantern. Surrounding the lantern is an elaborate concrete
The faces of the tower feature double round arched openings separated by twisted columns on the first floor and thin slit windows on the floor above. A repeated arched moulding forms a cornice mould around the top of the second floor of the tower
The principal entrance to the tower is from the western face. There is a double timber door, flanked by twisted columns. The door is surrounded by an archway in relief plasterwork featuring moulded panels of two alternating types of crosses. Within the base of the tower is a curved cantilevered concrete stairway which gives access to the upper levels.[1]
Western facade
The western
On the
Northern and southern facades
The side aisles of the northern and southern facades of the building are lined with paired round arched openings divided by twisted columns with Composite order capitals and flanked by panels with dog tooth mouldings. These openings define the internal bays of the nave and are glazed with figured stained glass panels. The windows throughout the church are steel casements. Above the height of the side aisles are taller paired round arched openings aligned with the lower windows, but glazed with two tones of green leadlighting. Above the windows is a cornice formed by the repeated arch moulding. In 1971, a freestanding crucifix was erected on the southern side of the church commemorating Eric Johnstone. Also apparent on the southern elevation is the semi-basement housing the coumbarium under the southern transept.[1]
Eastern facade
The eastern end of the church features a number of single round arched openings glazed with stained glass panels. The repeated arch moulding is used as a cornice moulding on the octagonal chancel and raked on the two parapeted gables.
Internal architectural features
Generally, the interior of the church is quite dark and heavy. The internal walls of the church are all dark face brickwork with black pointing. The joinery is heavy and the small openings are mostly glazed with coloured glass. There is early electrical lighting within the church in the form of pendants in the nave and wall brackets along the walls of the side aisles.[1]
Within the walls, the body of the church is divided into a six bay nave and side aisles. The side aisles are formed by two heavy brick faced
Also demarcating the six internal bays are a number of heavy, dark stained timber,
The flooring throughout the interior is concrete which has been scoured to resemble flagging stones. The concrete has been treated with a light buff colour in areas forming patterns. Symbols for alpha and omega, are inscribed in the concrete floor in the steps to the sanctuary area.[1]
The transepts of the church are formed by projections aligned with the two most easterly bays of the nave. Housed in the northern facing chancel is the Weedon Memorial Chapel. It is separated from the church by a face brick balustrade. Housed in the chancel on the southern side of the church is a
The
A large concrete pulpit, to which access is provided by three steps, is found in the choir section of the church and is decorated in the manner of the exterior of the building, painted white and featuring the repeated arch moulding as a cornice. A sandstone baptismal font is elevated on small platforms in the south western corner of the church.[1]
Other buildings in the church grounds
In 1956 after the original
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Attribution
Further reading
- Norton, Mark A. (1980) "The Trinity Chronicals – A History of the Anglican Parish of Holy Trinity, Woolloongabba" The Parish of Woolloongabba, Queensland.
- Main, A. (2015) "Lest We Forget – Introducing the men and women of Holy Trinity, Woolloongabba who served during the two World Wars" The Parish of Woolloongabba, Queensland.
External links
- Official website
- Organ Historical Trust of Australia Accessed 22 January 2017.