House of Orléans-Braganza
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House of Orléans-Braganza Casa de Orléans e Bragança | |
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Prince Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza Petrópolis branch: Prince Pedro Carlos of Orléans-Braganza | |
Titles | |
Estate(s) | Brazil |
The House of Orléans-Braganza (Portuguese: Casa de Orléans e Bragança) is by legitimacy, the imperial house of Brazil formed in 1864, with the marriage of the heir to the Brazilian throne, Isabel of Braganza with Prince Gaston, Count of Eu.[a] The House of Orléans-Braganza never reigned, as Brazil's pure Braganza monarch, Emperor Pedro II being deposed in a military coup d'état, under the pressure of the civilian republicans, in 1889.[1] However, with the death of Isabel in 1921, as the last Brazilian pure Braganza, her descendants inherited the dynastic rights of the Brigantine dynasty over the defunct Brazilian throne. [2][3]
Currently, the headship of the house is disputed between
History
In 1864, the Emperor
It was from that marriage the royal house of
Today they are the present claimants to the throne of the former
Exile
On 15 November 1889 a
In early 1890, Princess Isabel and Prince Gaston moved into a private villa, which was far cheaper than the hotel, but the Emperor refused to accompany them and remained at the Beau Séjour, later moving to
When Gaston's father died in 1896, an inheritance assured him and Isabel financial security. Their three sons enrolled at a military school in Vienna, and Isabel continued her charitable work associated with the Catholic Church. In 1905, Gaston purchased the Château d'Eu in Normandy,[7] the former home of her grandfather King Louis Philippe I and where he was raised, and the couple furnished it with items received from Brazil in the early 1890s.
In 1907,
Next year, following the announcement of imminent, morganatic marriage between his older brother
Soon before the
In 1920, the republican government headed by President
While the rest of the Imperial Family remain living in France, in the early 1930s, Prince Pedro acquired the
In 1937, the son of Luís
Renunciation and Division
In 1908,
I Prince Pedro de Alcântara Luiz Filipe Maria Gastão Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga of Orléans and Braganza, having maturely reflected, have resolved to renounce the right that, by the Constitution of the Empire of Brazil, promulgated on 25 March 1824, accords to me the Crown of that nation. I declare, therefore, that by my free and spontaneous will I hereby renounce, in my own name, as well as for any and all of my descendants, to all and any rights that the aforesaid Constitution confers upon us to the Brazilian Crown and Throne, which shall pass to the lines which follow mine, conforming to the order of succession as established by article 117. Before God I promise, for myself and my descendants, to hold to the present declaration. Cannes 30 October 1908 signed: Pedro de Alcântara of Orléans-Braganza[20]
This renunciation was followed by a letter from Isabel to royalists in Brazil:[10][21]
9 November 1908, [Castle of] Eu
Most Excellent Gentlemen Members of the Monarchist Directory,
With all my heart I thank you for the congratulations upon the marriages of my dear children Pedro and Luiz. Luis's took place in Cannes on the 4th with the brilliance that is desired for so solemn an act in the life of my successor to the Throne of Brazil. I was very pleased. Pedro's shall take place next on the 14th. Before the marriage of Luis he signed his resignation to the crown of Brazil, and here I send it to you, while keeping here an identical copy. I believe that this news must be published as soon as possible (you gentlemen shall do it in the way that you judge to be most satisfactory) in order to prevent the formation of parties that would be a great evil for our country. Pedro will continue to love his homeland, and will give all possible support to his brother. Thank God they are very united. Luis will engage actively in everything with respect to the monarchy and any good for our land. However, without giving up my rights I want that he be up to date on everything so that he may prepare himself for the position which with all my heart I desire that one day he will hold. You may write to him as many times as you may want to so that he shall be informed of everything. My strength is not the same as it once was, but my heart is still the same to love my homeland and all those who are so dedicated to us. I give you all my friendship and confidence,
a) Isabel, comtesse d'Eu
After Prince Pedro's renunciation, he lost every royal title he had and his dynastic rights as heir of his mother passed to his brother,
The Family Pact of 1909
After the resignation of
Recognizing the principle of pérégrinité and therefore the impossibility for foreign princes to claim the crown of France,[22][23] the Orléans claimants and their supporters consider excluded from the succession to the throne the foreign descendants of King Louis-Philippe I: the Brazilian Orléans-Braganza (descendants of the Comte d'Eu) and the Spanish Orléans-Galliera (descendants of Antoine, Duke of Montpensier).[24][25]
The agreement of the family in 1909, known as the "Family Pact" (Pacte de Famille) confirms the exclusion of members of these branches from the succession on grounds of pérégrinité.[25] Further, it "takes note" of a written promise given by the Count of Eu and his son to refrain from asserting any claim to the Crown of France and to the position of Head of the House of France until the total extinction of all the other dynastic branches of the House of France (the Montpensiers were already deemed excluded).[25] According to the pact, the House of France recognized the Brazilian House of Orléans-Braganza as a cadet branch and create to his member the French title of Prince of Orléans-Braganza.
Alfred de Gramont alleged in his diary, L'ami du Prince, journal of a novel, published by Eric Mension Rigau-Fayard in 2011) that this decision was made by the Orléans for two reasons: first, the desire of other dynasts to exclude the Comte d'Eu and the princes of Orléans-Braganza (who became heirs presumptive to the
Members
The list below includes members of the House.
- Emperor Dom Pedro II (1825–1891), last monarch of the Empire of Brazil
- Afonso, Prince Imperial (1845–1847)
- Dona Isabel, Princess Imperial (1846–1921)
- Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará (1875–1940) – See Petrópolis line
- Prince Luís (1878–1920) – See Vassouras line
- Prince Antônio (1881–1918)
- Princess Leopoldina (1847–1871), Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchess of Saxony
- Pedro Afonso, Prince Imperial (1848–1850)
Vassouras line
- Prince Luís (1878–1920), the second son of Princess Isabel
- Prince Pedro Henrique(1909–1981), he became Head of the Imperial House of Brazil after death of Princess Isabel.
- Prince Dom Luiz(1938–2022)
- Prince Eudes (1939–2020): Renounced his rights of succession to the Brazilian Throne in 1966.
- Prince Dom Bertrand(born 1941)
- Princess Isabel (1944–2017)
- Prince Pedro de Alcântara (b. 1945): Renounced his rights in 1972.
- Prince Fernando (b. 1948): Renounced his rights in 1972.
- (1) Prince Dom Antônio (b. 1951)
- Prince Pedro Luiz(1983–2009)
- Princess Amélia (b. 1984): Renounced her rights in 2014.
- Prince Rafael Antônio (b. 1986)
- Princess Maria Gabriela (b. 1989)
- Princess Eleonora (b. 1953), Princess of Ligne
- Prince Francisco (b. 1955): Renounced his rights in 1980.
- Prince Alberto (b. 1957): Renounced his rights in 1982.
- Princess Maria Teresa (b. 1959): Renounced her rights in 1995.
- Princess Maria Gabriela (b. 1959): Renounced her rights in 2003.
- Prince Luís Gastão (1911–1931)
- Princess Pia Maria (1913–2000)
Petrópolis line
- Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará (1875–1940), the first son of Princess Isabel, had renounced all rights to the Brazilian Throne for himself and his descendants. The validity of the renunciation was disputed by his son Dom Pedro Gastão after his death.[26]
- Prince Dom Pedro Gastão(1913–2007)
- Prince Dom Pedro Carlos (born 1945): He doesn't put in question the validity of the renunciation. Contrariwise, he declared himself a republican.[27]
- (1) Prince Dom Pedro Thiago (b. 1979)
- Prince Filipe Rodrigo (b. 1982)
- Princess Maria da Glória (b. 1946), Crown Princess of Yugoslavia.
- Prince Alfonso Duarte (b. 1948)
- Prince Manuel Álvaro (b. 1949)
- Princess Cristina Maria (b. 1950), Princess Sapieha-Rozánski
- Prince Francisco Humberto (b. 1956)
- Prince Dom Pedro Carlos (born 1945): He doesn't put in question the validity of the renunciation. Contrariwise, he declared himself a republican.[27]
- Princess Isabelle (1911–2003), Countess of Paris.
- Princess Maria Francisca (1914–1968), Duchess of Braganza.
- Prince João Maria(1916–2005).
- Prince João Henrique (b. 1954).
- Princess Teresa Teodora (1919–2011).
Genealogy
Genealogical tree of the House of Orléans-Braganza, from its origin to the current claimants:
Vassouras line
The descendants of Prince Luís of Orléans-Braganza
Princess Isabel Princess Imperial of Brazil Countess of Eu (1846-1921) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prince Antônio Gastão Prince of Brazil Prince of Orléans-Braganza (1881-1918) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Princess Pia Maria Princess Imperial of Brazil Princess of Orléans-Braganza Countess Nicolay (1913-2000) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Princess Isabel Princess of Brazil Princess of Orléans-Braganza (1944–2017) | Prince Antônio Prince Imperial of Brazil Prince of Orléans-Braganza (b. 1950) | Princess Eleanora Princess of Brazil Princess of Orléans-Braganza Princess of Ligne (b. 1953) | Seven more Princes of Orléans-Braganza who renounced their dynastic rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prince Rafael Antônio Prince of Grão-Pará Prince of Orléans-Braganza (b. 1986) | Princess Maria Gabriela Princess of Brazil Princess of Orléans-Braganza (b. 1989) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Petrópolis line
The descendants of Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará
Princess Isabel Princess Imperial of Brazil Countess of Eu (1846-1921) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prince Antônio Gastão Prince of Brazil Prince of Orléans-Braganza (1881-1918) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Princess Teresa Teodora Princess of Orléans-Braganza (1919-2011) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prince Pedro Carlos Prince of Orléans-Braganza (b. 1945) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Armorial
Coat of arms | Title | Tenure |
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Head of the Imperial Family
|
1889-Present
| |
1822–present
| ||
Prince of Orléans-Braganza |
1909–present
|
Estates and properties
-
Imperial Palace of Petrópolis, Petrópolis
Most members of the Imperial House live in rented apartments in wealthy neighbourhoods, private mansions, or in Europe. Some of them, like Eleanora, Princess of Ligne , live in the royal houses of their spouses.[citation needed]
See also
- Brazilian Imperial Family
- List of Brazilian monarchs
Notes
- ^ In agnatic primogeniture, it is a cadet branch of the House of Orléans
References
- ^ Janoti 1986, p. 66
- ^ Podesta, Don. 20 April 1993. Claimants Dream of New Brazilian Monarchy.
- OCLC 69927543.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
- ^ "15 de novembro de 1889, A República no Brasil". www.al.sp.gov.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
- ^ Povo, Tiago Cordeiro, especial para a Gazeta do. "Por que ainda existe a família imperial brasileira?". Gazeta do Povo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Lincolins, Isabela Barreiros, sob supervisão de Thiago (31 August 2021). "A vida da princesa Isabel após o exílio da família imperial". Aventuras na História (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Gearini, Victória (13 May 2022). "Do exílio a grave doença: a saga de Luís de Orléans e Bragança, filho da Princesa Isabel". Aventuras na História (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
- ^ Gearini | @victoriagearini, Victória (29 August 2021). "Príncipe do Grão Pará, o filho da princesa Isabel que desistiu do direito de possivelmente assumir o trono". Aventuras na História (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
- ^ .
- ^ Villon, Victor. "Elisabeth Dobrzensky "Empress of Brazil"". Royalty Digest Quarterly.
- ^ a b Sainty, Guy Stair. "House of Bourbon: Branch of Orléans-Braganza". Chivalric Orders. Archived from the original on 25 October 2008. Retrieved 7 January 2009.
- ^ BARMAN, Roderick J., Princesa Isabel do Brasil: gênero e poder no século XIX, UNESP, 2005
- ^ VIANNA, Hélio. Vultos do Império. São Paulo: Companhia Editoria Nacional, 1968, p.224
- ^ FREYRE, Gilberto. Ordem e Progresso. Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio, 1959, p.517 and 591
- ^ LYRA, Heitor. História de Dom Pedro II - 1825-1891. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1940, vol.III, p.300
- ^ Enciclopaedia Barsa, vol. IV, article "Braganza", p.210, 1992
- ^ JANOTTI, Maria de Lourdes. Os Subversivos da República. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1986, p.255-7
- ^ MALATIAN, Teresa Maria. A Ação Imperial Patrianovista Brasileira. São Paulo, 1978, p.153-9
- ISBN 2-913211-00-3.
- ISSN 1982-4238.
- ^ Dumoulin, Charles. Coutumes de Paris. 1576.
- ^ de Seyssel, Claude. La Monarchie de France, vol. I.7. Paris, 1961, pp. 112-3.
- ISBN 2-913211-00-3. French.
- ^ a b c de Saisseval, Guy Coutant. La Légitimité monarchique. Paris, 1985. In French.
- ^ Bodstein, Astrid (2006). "The Imperial Family of Brazil". Royalty Digest Quarterly (3).
- ^ Bernardo Gutiérrez, "La familia real brasileña defiende los nuevos ideales", Príncipes Republicanos (09/01/2008)
Bibliography
- Janoti, Maria de Lourdes Mônaco (1986). Os Subversivos da República [The Republic's Subversives] (in Brazilian Portuguese). São Paulo: Brasiliense.