Hurs
 | It has been suggested that this article should be split into a new article titled Hur Insurgency. (discuss) (June 2023) |
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2013) |
| Part of a series on Islam Sufism |
|---|
 |
 Islam portal |
Hurs (
History
Colonial period
During the period of Company rule in India, Sufist religious leader Syed Muhammad Rashid Shah formed a community of Sunni Muslims which rejected any forms of British authority; Shah declared his community as "Hur" (Sindhi: 'free'). His successor, Syed Sibghatullah Shah, declared himself as the first Pir (spiritual leader) of Pagaro. In response to the actions of the Hurs, Commissioner Mohammad Yaqub recommended the application of the 1871 Criminal Tribes Act (CTA) to the group in 1898. Two years later, the CTA was applied to all Hurs, which remained in effect until 1952.[citation needed]
Hur insurgency
In 1941, Pir of Pagaro VI led the Hurs in an insurgency against British colonial rule. Pagaro's followers attacked police, military and civilian targets, killing dozens. In response, Governor Hugh Dow called for the introduction of martial law to Sindh, which was passed through the Sindh Assembly via the 1942 Hur Suppression Act; martial law remained in effect in Sindh from June 1942 to May 1943.[2] British Indian Army, Indian Imperial Police and Royal Air Force elements were engaged in counterinsurgency operations against the Hurs, arresting several leaders including Pagaro himself.[3] Pagaro was tried in a military court on charges of "conspiring to war against the King-Emperor", found guilty and hung on 20 March 1943.[4]
The Hurs cannot be said to have been defeated as they continued their campaign even after the hanging of the Pir Sahib, right up to the time of the
Postcolonial period
Long after the independence of Pakistan, Pir Pagaro's two sons, who were in British custody in
During the
List of Pir Pagaros
- Syed Muhammad Rashid Shah (Rozay Dhani, forerunner of Pir Pagaras and Jhandaywaras), died 1819
- Syed Sibghatullah Shah I (First Pir Pagaro, because of getting the pagg, or turban, while his brother Yaseen Shah got the Jhanda, 'Alam), died in 1831
- Pir Syed Ali Gohar Shah Rashidi - I (2nd Pir Pagaro), died in 1847. Collection of his Poetry Asghar Sain jo Kalam is published by Jamia Rashidia Pir jo Goth.
- Syed Hizbullah Shah (Third Pir Pagaro), died in 1890
- Syed Ali Gohar Shah II (Fourth Pir Pagaro), died in 1896
- Syed Shah Mardan Shah I (Fifth Pir Pagaro), died in 1921
- Sibghatullah Shah RashidiII alias Soreh Badshah سورھيه بادشاھ (Sixth Pir Pagaro), died on 20 March 1943
- Shah Mardan Shah IIalias Pir Syed Sikandar Ali Shah Rashidi (Seventh Pir Pagaro), died on 10 January 2012
- Syed Sibghatullah Shah Rashdi IIIalias Raja Saeen (Eighth Pir Pagaro)
Further reading
- History of Indo-Pak War of 1965. Lt Gen Mahmud Ahmed (ret). ISBN 969-8693-01-7
References
- ISBN 978-1-107-19605-6.
- ^ Maj General Wisal Muhammad Khan (15 March 2018). Hur Operations In Sind Maj Gen Wisal Muhammad Khan.
- ^ "Martial law declared in Hur community uprising and armed resistance in Sindh Pakistan". British Pathé. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
- ^ News of Pir Pagaro Death
- ^ Tunio, Hafeez (11 January 2012). "Pir Pagara passes away: The political oracle goes silent". The Express Tribune. Pakistan. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
- ^ "The son also rises". Dawn.Com. 27 April 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2013.