Karamat
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Historically, a "belief in the miracles of saints (karāmāt al-awliyāʾ, literally 'marvels of the friends [of God]')" has been a part of Sunni Islam.[4] This is evident from the fact that an acceptance of the miracles wrought by saints is taken for granted by many of the major authors of the Islamic Golden Age (ca. 700–1400),[5] as well as by many prominent late-medieval scholars.[5] According to orthodox Sunni doctrine, all miracles performed by saints are done by the leave of God,[5] and usually involve a "breaking of the natural order of things" (khāriq li’l-ʿāda)," or represent, in other words, "an extraordinary happening which breaks the 'divine custom' (sunnat Allāh) which is the normal course of events."[2] Traditionally, Sunni Islam has also strictly emphasized that the miracle of a saint, however extraordinary it may be, is never in any way the "sign of a prophetic mission," and this has been stressed in order to safeguard the Islamic doctrine of Muhammad being the Seal of the Prophets.[2]
The doctrine of the karāmāt al-awliyāʾ, which became enshrined as an
The references in the corpus of
The miracles of saints are absolutely true and correct, by the acceptance of all Muslim scholars. And the Qur'an has pointed to it in different places, and the sayings of the Prophet have mentioned it, and whoever denies the miraculous power of saints are only people who are innovators and their followers.[10]
As one contemporary scholar has expressed it, practically all of the major scholars of the classical and medieval eras believed that "the lives of saints and their miracles were incontestable."[11]
In the modern world, this doctrine of the miracles of saints has been challenged by certain movements within the branches of
See also
- Haydar Ghazi, also known as Abul Karamat
- Tay al-Arz, the saintly power of teleportation
- Datuk Keramat, local folk religion in Malaysia and Singapore
References
- ^ *Hans Wehr, J. Milton Cowan (1979). A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (4th ed.). Spoken Language Services.
- ^ a b c d e f g Gardet, L., “Karāma”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs.
- ISBN 9781570621802.
- ^ Jonathan A.C. Brown, "Faithful Dissenters," Journal of Sufi Studies 1 (2012), p. 123
- ^ a b c d e f Radtke, B., Lory, P., Zarcone, Th., DeWeese, D., Gaborieau, M., F.M. Denny, Françoise Aubin, J.O. Hunwick and N. Mchugh, “Walī”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs.
- ^ Bukkhārī. Saḥīḥ al-ʿamal fi ’l-ṣalāt, Bāb 7, Maẓālim, Bāb 35
- ^ Muslim (Cairo 1283), v, 277
- ^ Maḳdisī, al-Badʾ wa ’l-taʾrīk̲h̲, ed. Huart, Ar. text 135
- ^ Samarḳandī, Tanbīh, ed. Cairo 1309, 221
- ^ Ibn Taymiyyah, al-Mukhtasar al-Fatawa al-Masriyya, 1980, p. 603
- ^ Josef W. Meri, The Cult of Saints among Muslims and Jews in Medieval Syria (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), p. 68
- ^ Juan Eduardo Campo, Encyclopedia of Islam (New York: Infobase Publishing, 2009), p. 600
Further reading
- ISBN 0-941532-48-8pp. 88–104
- ISBN 0-19-501662-9pp. 26–28