Interahamwe
Interahamwe | |
---|---|
(1996–present) |
Part of a series on the |
Rwandan genocide |
---|
The Interahamwe (
The Interahamwe were driven out of Rwanda after Tutsi-led
Etymology
The name Interahamwe can be translated as "those who work together" or loosely as "those who fight together" in Kinyarwanda.[3] Work was used as slang in racist radio broadcasts during the genocide—"working" meant using machetes to kill.[4] The name Interahamwe can be broken up as follows: intera is derived from the verb gutera, meaning "to work"; hamwe means "together" and is related to the word rimwe for "one".
English speakers usually pronounce it as /ˌɪntərəˈhɑːmweɪ/, though it is pronounced [inhêːɾɑhɑ́mwe] in Kinyarwanda. However, when speaking English, Rwandans will sometimes pronounce it in the English manner. The difference can be observed by listening to Paul Rusesabagina in the Return to Rwanda feature of a Hotel Rwanda DVD, and to the translator for a survivor of the Nyarubuye massacre in "Frontline" Ghosts of Rwanda.
Organization and history
The radio station
Following the invasion of the Rwandan capital
During the war, millions of Rwandan
After the Rwandan genocide
In 1999, Interahamwe attacked and kidnapped a group of 14 tourists in
Prosecution
Leaders of the Interahamwe have been primarily prosecuted through the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in Arusha, Tanzania. The tribunal has convicted at least 41 persons, often with life sentences, including former interim Prime Minister Jean Kambanda and Georges Rutaganda.[11] Fugitives have been captured and prosecuted in other countries, including Jean-Marie Vianney Mudahinyuka (a.k.a. "Zuzu"), an Interahamwe leader found hiding in Chicago, Illinois in January 2011.[12][13][14]
References
- ^ Reyntjens, Filip (21 October 2014). "Rwanda's Untold Story. A reply to "38 scholars, scientists, researchers, journalists and historians"". African Arguments. Archived from the original on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
- ISBN 1-56432-171-1. Archivedfrom the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2017-12-08.
- ^ "Rwanda: How the genocide happened". BBC News. 17 May 2011. Archived from the original on 6 August 2008. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
- ^ Bührer, Michel (1996). Rwanda : Memoire d'un génocide. Paris: Editions UNESCO. p. 12.
- ^ ""Leave None to Tell the Story": Genocide in Rwanda". Human Rights Watch. 1999. Archived from the original on 2023-01-10. Retrieved 2020-01-12.
The militia was directed by a national committee that included Jerry Robert Kajuga, president (himself the son of a Tutsi father and Hutu mother),
- ^ Vasagar, Jeevan (16 February 2005). "The hotel that saved hundreds from genocide". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- ^ a b "Rwanda radio transcripts". www.concordia.ca. Archived from the original on 2021-07-27. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
- ISBN 1-85065-523-5, p. 193
- ^ "BBC News - Africa - Kidnap tourist tells of ordeal". Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
- ^ "Locked Up Abroad". National Geographic Channel. Archived from the original on 20 January 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
- ^ "Home - United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda". Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
- ^ "ICE deports Rwandan wanted for committing war crimes during 1994 genocide". Archived from the original on 2018-12-12. Retrieved 2016-05-11.
- ^ Guzzardi, Will (2 February 2011). "Suspected Genocide Leader Deported From Chicago To Rwanda". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
- ^ Don Terry (June 26, 2005). "The Man Called Zuzu". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 2023-01-10. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
Hutu militants |
---|
Rwandan genocide (1994) |
|
Refugee crisis |
RDR (1995–1996) |
1st and 2nd Congo War |