Issy Smith
Issy Smith | |
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The Manchester Regiment | |
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Issy Smith
Born Ishroulch Shmeilowitz (and other renderings), to parents residing in
After his demobilisation, Smith returned to Australia with his wife and daughter. He became a prominent figure in
Early life
Smith was born in Alexandria, the son of French citizens Moses and Eva Shmeilowitz, who were of Russian Jewish origin.[5] His father was employed by the French Consulate-General as a clerk. Aged 11, Smith embarked as a stowaway aboard a vessel proceeding to London. Undaunted by this unfamiliar environment, Smith attended Berner Street School, Commercial Street, and worked as a deliverer in the East End,[5] then an impoverished ghetto where Yiddish was the predominant spoken language.[6] Persecution and extreme deprivation had compelled millions of Eastern European Jews to migrate to Western Europe, the Americas, and elsewhere. By the time of Issy Smith's arrival, Jewish immigration to Britain had peaked but was curtailed by the enactment of the Aliens Act in 1905.[7]
He joined the British Army in 1904, becoming a private in the Manchester Regiment. The pseudonym Issy Smith was adopted in the process of enlisting at the behest of a recruiting sergeant. Smith completed his training, serving in South Africa and India with the 1st Battalion. He boxed competitively, winning the British Army's middleweight championship, and played
Accepting his discharge in 1912, Smith emigrated to Australia after brief employment in London. He lived in the Melbourne suburb of Ascot Vale while working for the city's gas company. Retained as a reservist, Smith was mobilised by the British Army after the commencement of hostilities in August 1914. Some sources state that Smith was present at the capture of German New Guinea by the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force.[8]
World War I
The 1st Manchester Regiment, stationed in India, sailed from
Actively engaged in the battles of
During the Allied counter-attack, Smith, of his own volition, ventured towards a German position to attend to a severely wounded soldier. He carried him some 250 yards (230 m) to relative safety while exposed to intense German fire. According to the Victoria Cross citation, he brought in "many more wounded men" throughout the day under similarly perilous conditions "regardless of personal risk".[3] Recounting his own rescue by Smith to a Daily Mail correspondent, Sergeant Rooke said of the corporal: "He behaved with wonderful coolness and presence of mind the whole time, and no man deserved a Victoria Cross more thoroughly than he did".[8]
No. 168 Acting Corporal Issy Smith, 1st Battalion, The Manchester Regiment. |
For most conspicuous bravery on 26 April 1915, near Ypres, when he left his Company on his own initiative and went well forward towards the enemy's position to assist a severely wounded man, whom he carried a distance of 250 yards into safety, whilst exposed the whole time to heavy machine-gun and rifle fire.
Subsequently Corporal Smith displayed great gallantry, when the casualties were very heavy, in voluntarily assisting to bring in many more wounded men throughout the day, and attending to them with the greatest devotion to duty regardless of personal risk. |
The London Gazette, 20 August 1915[3] |
Smith was hospitalised in
Meanwhile, on the Western Front, the demoralised and depleted Indian Corps fought its final European battle at
Demobilised after the war, Smith returned to London. As a war hero, he was intermittently invited to social functions. In June 1920, he attended a garden party at
Legacy
Despite his fame and popularity, like many former servicemen contending with post-war economic hardship, Smith struggled financially – a predicament compounded by illness.[23] As a consequence he pawned his medals for £20, only for them to be recovered by the Jewish Historical Society on the urging of the wife of Chief Rabbi Joseph Hertz and ultimately reunited with Smith.[24][25] Smith's varied occupations in post-war Britain included work as an actor with a theatre troupe.[26] He emigrated to Australia in 1925 with his wife Elsie (née McKechnie), whom he had married at Camberwell Register Office. Marriage to Elsie produced two children (Olive and Maurice) and reputedly angered his parents despite the couple's later observance of Jewish religious tradition in a formal ceremony held at Central Synagogue, Hallam Street.[5]
The family settled in
Smith died of
Following representations from the
Notes
- ^ Issy Smith VC JP Archived 15 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine, diggerhistory.info. Accessed 4 September 2007.
- ^ Australian Dictionary of Biography. Other sources give different dates of birth and death (Dix Noonan Webb).
- ^ a b c d "No. 29272". The London Gazette (Supplement). 20 August 1915. p. 8374.
- ^ a b The Times, 21 December 1931; p. 10; Issue 46011; col A.
- ^ a b c d e f g Australian Dictionary of Biography. Accessed 27 July 2007.
- ^ Rubinstein, p. 242.
- ^ Alderman, pp. 149–150.
- ^ a b c d e Dix Noonan Webb, dnw.co.uk. Accessed 3 August 2007.
- ^ a b James, p. 96.
- ^ Mileham, p. 85.
- ^ a b Mileham, p. 92.
- ^ a b Wyrall, p. 122.
- ^ The Jewish Chronicle, 11 February 1916, p. 8.
- ^ Cesarani, p. 118.
- ^ The Times, 6 September 1915; p. 11; Issue 40952; col D.
- ^ Keogh, p. 69.
- ^ The Jewish Chronicle, 22 October 1915, p. 5.
- ^ The Jewish Chronicle, 22 October 1915, p 13.
- ^ Omissi, India and the Western Front, bbc.co.uk. Accessed 15 August 2007.
- ^ The Times, 28 June 1920; p. 19; Issue 42448; col B.
- ^ The Times, 15 September 1921; p. 5; Issue 42826; col G.
- ^ The Times, 31 July 1922; p. 12; Issue 43097; col A.
- ^ Jewish Chronicle, 20 January 1922, p. 9.
- ^ Jewish Chronicle, 28 November 1924, p. 13.
- ^ a b Jewish Chronicle, 6 October 1995, p. 6.
- ^ Grimsby Evening Telegraph, 7 September 2006.
- ^ Rashty, Sandy (24 September 2013). "U-turn means World War One hero will be honoured". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
References
- Alderman, Geoffrey, Modern British Jewry, UK (1998): Clarendon Press ISBN 978-0-19-820759-7.
- Batchelor, Peter; Matson, Christopher (2011). The Western Front 1915. ISBN 978-0-7524-6057-4.
- Cesarani, David, The Jewish Chronicle and Anglo-Jewry, 1841–1991, UK (2005): Cambridge University Press ISBN 978-0-521-01913-2.
- James, E.A. British Regiments 1914–1918, UK (1988): Naval & Military Press ISBN 0-906304-03-2.
- The Jewish Chronicle various dates.
- Keogh, Dermot, Jews in Twentieth Century Ireland: Refugees, Anti-semitism and the Holocaust, Ireland (1998): Cork University Press ISBN 978-1-85918-150-8.
- Mileham, Patrick, Difficulties Be Damned: The King's Regiment – A History of the City Regiment of Manchester and Liverpool, Fleur de Lys, ISBN 1-873907-10-9.
- Australian Dictionary of Biography, Smith, Issy (1890–1940), adb.online.anu.edu.au. Accessed 29 July 2007.
- Rubinstein, W.D. (ed.), The Jews in the Modern World: A History Since 1750 UK (2002): Hodder Arnold.
- Wyrall, Everard. The History of the King's Regiment (Liverpool) 1914–19, UK (2002): Naval & Military Press Ltd ISBN 978-1-84342-360-7.
- Issy Smith VC JP, diggerhistory.info. Accessed 29 July 2007.
Further reading
- Bonner, Robert, Issy Smith VC, The Manchester Regiment – A soldier of the Jullundur Brigade. Fleur de Lys Publishers, ISBN 978-1-873907-39-9.
- Knight, Lian, "Ratbag Soldier Saint - The Real Story of Sergeant Issy Smith VC". 2022 Hybrid Publishers Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ISBN 9781925736830 (p), 9781925736847 (e) 336pp. Comprehensively researched account of Smith's life by his granddaughter.