Issy Smith

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Issy Smith
The Manchester Regiment
Battles / wars
Awards

Issy Smith

Cross of St. George
(4th class) by the respective governments.

Born Ishroulch Shmeilowitz (and other renderings), to parents residing in Turkey, Smith travelled to Britain as a child stowaway and enlisted in the

The Manchester Regiment, Smith was engaged in the Second Battle of Ypres. On 26 April 1915, Smith, on his own initiative, recovered wounded soldiers while exposed to sustained fire and attended to them "with the greatest devotion to duty regardless of personal risk".[6] His conduct secured a recommendation for the Victoria Cross, which was awarded to Smith in August 1915.[6]

After his demobilisation, Smith returned to Australia with his wife and daughter. He became a prominent figure in

Justice of the Peace, and unsuccessfully stood as a candidate for the United Australia Party in the 1931 general election.[7]

Early life

Smith was born in

Odessa.[8] They left Rostov-on-Don in 1888 for Turkey.[9] They relocated to Egypt at the start of the 1900s.[10] Although it was alleged his father was employed by the French Consulate-General as a clerk in Egypt, 'this has to be completely false. Moses would have been nearly 80 years of age by the time he took the job - and he spoke no French' [11] Eva worked as a seamstress, and Moses worked a sewing machine. It is not clear what other work he obtained.[12][a]

Aged 11, Smith embarked as a stowaway aboard a vessel proceeding to London, where his elder brothers had migrated to. Undaunted by this unfamiliar environment, Smith attended Berner Street School, Commercial Street, London, and worked as a deliverer in the East End,[14] then an impoverished ghetto where Yiddish was the predominant spoken language.[15] Persecution and extreme deprivation had compelled millions of Eastern European Jews to migrate to Western Europe, the Americas, and elsewhere. By the time of Issy Smith's arrival, Jewish immigration to Britain had peaked but was curtailed by the enactment of the Aliens Act in 1905.[16]

It was theorised that the pseudonym Issy Smith was adopted, in the process of enlisting, at the behest of a recruiting sergeant.[17] This legend has been dismissed as apocryphal, as this surname was already used by his brothers Jacob and Joseph and Morris who lived in London.[18] He joined the militia on 21 April 1904, giving a declared age of 17 years, 8 months. He was working as a plumber, living in Manchester.[19] He enlisted under regular terms of service in the British Army on 2 September 1904, giving a declared age of 18 years, joining as a Private in the Manchester Regiment. Smith completed his training, later serving in South Africa and India with the 1st Battalion.[20] At the time of the 1911 census, he was stationed at Kamptee Cantonment in the Nagpur division within India.[21] He boxed competitively. He was the middleweight champion of his battalion.[22] He entered the 1911 Delhi Durbar boxing competition, but was eliminated in the second round on points.[23] A tailor's copy of the Delhi Durbar Medal (1911) was among his mounted medals.[24]

He was discharged to the

Ascot Vale while working for the city's gas company.[26]

World War I

Given that he was retained as a reservist until 1 September 1916, for the remainder of his 12 year engagement, Smith was mobilised by the British Army after the commencement of hostilities in August 1914. Some contemporary newspaper articles sources state that Smith was present at the capture of German New Guinea by the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force.[b][22][23][5] This is unlikely as there is nothing stated within official documentation to support this claim.[28][20]

He reported for duty at Victoria Barracks, Melbourne,[5] headquarters (3rd Military District), on 10 August, and embarked SS Miltiades on 21 October 1914.[29][28] He arrived in Britain, and was posted to the regimental depot in December 1914.[20] He was duly posted to the 3rd (Reserve) Battalion on 6 January 1915.[20] The 3rd (Reserve) Battalion was at Cleethorpes.[23] The 3rd (Reserve) Battalion was a pool of trained men, from which reinforcements were sent to the Western Front.[30] On 23 February 1915 he disembarked in France.[20] After spending time at Rouen, he was posted to the front on 9 March 1915.[23]

Having actively engaged in the battles of

chlorine gas proved ineffectual, limiting the advance and causing many soldiers to succumb to its effects.[31][32]

During the Allied counter-attack, Smith, of his own volition, ventured towards a German position to attend to a severely wounded soldier. He carried him some 250 yards (230 m) to relative safety while exposed to intense German fire. According to the Victoria Cross citation, he brought in "many more wounded men" throughout the day under similarly perilous conditions "regardless of personal risk".[6] Recounting his own rescue by Smith to a Daily Mail correspondent, Sergeant Rooke said of the corporal: "He behaved with wonderful coolness and presence of mind the whole time, and no man deserved a Victoria Cross more thoroughly than he did".[23]

No. 168 Acting Corporal Issy Smith, 1st Battalion, The Manchester Regiment.
For most conspicuous bravery on 26 April 1915, near Ypres, when he left his Company on his own initiative and went well forward towards the enemy's position to assist a severely wounded man, whom he carried a distance of 250 yards into safety, whilst exposed the whole time to heavy machine-gun and rifle fire.

Subsequently Corporal Smith displayed great gallantry, when the casualties were very heavy, in voluntarily assisting to bring in many more wounded men throughout the day, and attending to them with the greatest devotion to duty regardless of personal risk.

The London Gazette, 20 August 1915[6]

Smith was gassed in April and May 1915.

King George V.[35][36][e] He was feted by publications such as The Jewish Chronicle, and his status as a recipient of the VC was utilised by the British government for the purposes of stimulating further recruitment. His visits to Jewish communities in the United Kingdom generated much interest, attracting dignitaries and large crowds in the process.[38][39][40] On one such occasion, in September 1915, he was invited back to his old school in the East End to receive a gold watch and chain in honour of his Victoria Cross.[41] Also that month, Smith was received at Mansion House, Dublin, by the Under-Secretary for Ireland, Matthew Nathan, who took advantage of the occasion to reaffirm loyalty to both Britain and Ireland.[42] Contemporaries, however, continued to report instances of discrimination against Jewish servicemen, including an incident involving Issy Smith in Leeds.[43] While documenting his recruitment drive, The Jewish Chronicle reported that the proprietor of the Grand Restaurant had refused to serve Smith during his tour of Yorkshire because he was Jewish, while indicating the staff were prepared to accept his non-Jewish acquaintance.[44] Smith's tour continued otherwise without disruption, taking him to Edinburgh, Scotland. His appointed rank changed from Acting Lance Corporal to unpaid Acting Lance Sergeant on 5 October 1915, then he was promoted to Sergeant on 7 March 1916.[20] His partial recovery from gassing meant that, for accounting purposes, he was taken on the strength of the 3rd (Reserve) Battalion from 15 December 1915, as opposed to the Depot, which was associated with hospitalised men.[20] It was during 1916 that he participated in charity boxing matches.[45][46]

Meanwhile, on the Western Front, the demoralised and depleted Indian Corps fought its final European battle at Loos.[47] With the exception of two cavalry divisions, the Indian Corps in Europe redeployed to the Middle East theatre, sailing from Marseille on 10 December 1915 and arriving in Basra on 8 January 1916 to be integrated into the Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force.[48]

Smith returned to active duty as a sergeant. He was posted to the 1st Battalion on 4 September 1916, serving in

Mesopotamia. Within a fortnight of arriving at Basra, he was hospitalised with malaria.[49] After the capture of Baghdad on 11 March 1917, Smith's nose was broken by a shell during the subsequent fighting.[50] He transferred to the Royal Engineers on 1 April 1917.[20] He was granted leave, which he took in Egypt in May 1917, and is understood to have seen his family.[51] He was hospitalised on 5 August 1917, accidentally receiving a large cut to his right knee whilst on duty.[52] A letter sent by Smith in 1940 gave an outline of his service history. He took part in the fall of Baghdad, was transferred to the IWT branch of the Royal Engineers, and was redeployed to Palestine. [f] In January 1918, he was treated at Port Said for emphysema. He was hospitalised at the start of September, and was discharged on 19 September 1918.'[54] He was discharged from hospital on 21 November 1918, and returned to Cairo.[55] He had been wounded five times, according to the Australian Dictionary of Biographies.[17] A contemporary newspaper article states it was four times.[56] The family are in possession of the four wound stripes that he wore on his uniform, which can be seen on his wedding photo.[57] Smith embarked at Port Said on 17 January 1919. Upon returning to Britain in February 1919, he got married, and was discharged from the army on 30 April 1919.[20]

Demobilised after the war, Smith returned to London. As a war hero, he was intermittently invited to social functions. In June 1920, he attended a garden party at

Cloth Hall there.[60]

Legacy

Black and white photograph of three boys. The two boys in the centre and right-hand side of the photo are wearing formal suits with medals pinned on the left-hand side of their chest. Only part of the head of the third boy is visible on the left-hand side of the photo.
Maurice Smith (centre) wearing his father's medals

Despite his fame and popularity, like many former servicemen contending with post-war economic hardship, Smith struggled financially – a predicament compounded by illness.[61] As a consequence he pawned his medals for £20, only for them to be recovered by the Jewish Historical Society on the urging of the wife of Chief Rabbi Joseph Hertz and ultimately reunited with Smith.[62][63] Smith's varied occupations in post-war Britain included work as an actor with a theatre troupe.[64] He had married his wife Elsie (née McKechnie) at Camberwell Register Office, followed by a formal ceremony held at Central Synagogue, Hallam Street, as an observance of Jewish religious tradition.[65] Whether there was disapproval by the family, this is not known.[66] The family relocated from Camberwell to Hackney later that year.[67] The marriage to Elsie produced two children (Olive and Maurice, born 1919 and 1932 (died 2020) respectively). He emigrated to Australia in 1927.[68]

The family settled in

Justice of the Peace in 1930, Smith tried politics as a candidate in the 1931 federal election for the United Australia Party, contesting the seat of Melbourne in the House of Representatives, and "seriously challenged the hitherto unassailable Dr Maloney".[7][70]

On 20 February 1940, he sent a letter, to apply to join the Second Australian Imperial Force. A Major Barrett replied, to advise there were presently no suitable vacancies, but if he could provide the particulars of his army service and age, for future guidance, it would be appreciated. He sent a response to the Major, dated 4 March 1940, a copy of which is with the family. He stated that his date of birth was 18th September 1890.[71]

Smith died of coronary thrombosis on 10 September 1940.[2] [3] He was buried in the Jewish section of Fawkner Cemetery with full military honours. In September 2010, the 70th Anniversary of his death was commemorated at a graveside ceremony in Melbourne, attended by Major-General Jeffrey Rosenfeld[72]

His medals were sold by his family in 1990, and auctioned 5 years later as part of a special collection of Medals to the Manchester Regiment, selling for £35,288 (

US$75,000).[24][63]

Following representations from the

First World War Victoria Cross medal holders by laying commemorative paving stones in their home towns, would be extended to the 145 born overseas include Smith. At the time of the announcement, it was believed he was born in Egypt.[74] He is commemorated in Rope Walk Gardens, a few minutes walk away from the location of Berners Street School in Whitechapel
. [75]

References

Notes

  1. ^ The occupation of Moses was recorded as "Tailor" on Issy's wedding certificate.[13]
  2. ^ 'V.C. hero from Australia The Daily Mail says: - Acting Corporal Issy Smith V.C. was a reservist of the 1st [Battalion] Manchester Regiment living in Australia when the war broke out. With an Australian force he assisted in the capture of German New Guinea.'[27]
  3. ^ 'We were relieved by the Highland Light Infantry about 3 o'clock on the morning of April 27th... I was slightly gassed, and was carried to the first aid post. I lay there very sick for about 24 hours, but would not leave the battalion, as I wanted to see the fight through.... On the night of the 19th May the Connaught Rangers came to relieve us... I was gassed badly this time, and had to be removed to hospital, and I would hardly be so well to-day only for the constant attention which we wounded get at this hospital in Mountjoy square.'[27]
  4. ^ 'Dublin Jews yesterday morning besieged the Dublin University V.A.D. Auxiliary Hospital in Mountjoy square, for one of the inmates; Corporal Issy Smith, one of their co-religionists, had just been awarded the V.C. Corporal Smith had been in the hospital since August 8th.... it was not long before they went, in ones and twos and dozens, to the hospital at Mountjoy square, where he has been slowly recovering from the effects of gas poisoning since August 8th.'[27]
  5. ^ The younger woman in the photo described as his sister is in fact his fiancé Elsie, the identity of the woman described as his Mother is unknown.[37]
  6. ^ 'After the fall of Jerusalem, I was attached to G.S.I., General Allenby's Headquarters until demobilised in 1919.'[53]

Citations

  1. ^ a b c Knight 2022, pp. 96–97.
  2. ^ a b Knight 2022, pp. 1127–1128.
  3. ^ a b "Headstone of Issy Smith V.C. died on 10-9-40". Retrieved 7 July 2025 – via Victorian Association of Jewish Ex & Servicemen & Women Australia Incorporated. "903001 SGT. ISSY SMITH V.C. 1st Btn MANCHESTER REGT 10-9-40 HIS LIFE A BEAUTIFUL MEMORY. HIS ABSENCE A LASTING SORROW." inscribed on headstone.
  4. ^ "No. 12845". The Edinburgh Gazette. 27 August 1915. pp. 1306, 1310, 1312, 1315. His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of Russia has been graciously pleased to confer, with the approval of His Majesty the King, the undermentioned rewards for gallantry and distinguished service in the Field :— Cross of the Order of Saint George, 4th Class.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "V.C. hero and factory girl. A Melbourne romance". Barrier Miner (Broken Hill, NSW). 17 October 1915. p. 3. Retrieved 11 September 2024 – via Trove.
  6. ^ a b c d "No. 29272". The London Gazette (Supplement). 20 August 1915. p. 8374.
  7. ^ a b The Times, 21 December 1931; p. 10; Issue 46011; col A.
  8. ^ Knight 2022, p. 65.
  9. ^ Knight 2022, pp. 72, 75.
  10. ^ Knight 2022, p. 87.
  11. ^ Knight 2022, p. 90-91.
  12. ^ Knight 2022, pp. 79–80.
  13. ^ Knight 2022, p. 483.
  14. ^ Knight 2022, pp. 122–123.
  15. ^ Rubinstein, p. 242.
  16. ^ Alderman, pp. 149–150.
  17. ^ a b Australian Dictionary of Biography
  18. ^ Knight 2022, pp. 126–127.
  19. ^ "British Army Militia Service Record - Issy Smith". WO 96 - Militia Service Records 1806-1915. findmypast.co.uk. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "British Army WW1 Service Record - Issy Smith". WO 363 - First World War Service Records 'Burnt Documents'. findmypast.co.uk. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  21. Lives of the First World War
  22. ^ a b "Rescued a sergeant. V.C. hero from Australia". Dundee Evening Telegraph. 25 August 1915. p. 3. Retrieved 11 September 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  23. ^ a b c d e "How Corpl. Issy Smith won the Victoria Cross". Stalybridge Reporter. 28 August 1915. p. 5. Retrieved 11 September 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  24. ^ a b "Lot № 532 The Great War Victoria Cross group of eight [medals] awarded to Corporal Issy Smith, 1st Battalion, The Manchester Regiment, the first Jewish N.C.O. to be so honoured". noonans.co.uk. Retrieved 3 August 2007. Auctioned on 10 October 1995
  25. ^ "Alfred Burley". Museum of the Manchester Regiment. The Men Behind the Medals. 1 January 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  26. ^ "The district's famous soldiers". Essendon Historical Society. 2 April 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2024. He got a job with the Metropolitan Gas Company and boarded with Joseph Tallents who was his Superintendent, at 10 Brisbane St Ascot Vale... Source: RatBag Soldier Saint, Lian Knight 2022
  27. ^ a b c "Jewish V.C. in Dublin". Dublin Daily Express. 25 August 1915. p. 7. Retrieved 13 September 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  28. ^ a b "SMITH Issy (Sergeant) - Manchester Regiment". MT1487/1, Service Records and correspondence concerning Australians serving with other Imperial forces, WWI. National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  29. ^ "L/Cpl Smith 168 Manchester Regiment, page 80 of 184" (PDF). British Imperial Reserve Database PDF. Anzac Centenary. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  30. ^ Knight 2022, pp. 250–251.
  31. ^ a b Mileham, p. 92.
  32. ^ a b Wylly 2005, p. 117-118.
  33. ^ Knight 2022, p. 271.
  34. ^ "Corporal Issy Smith, V.C.". Irish Times. 26 August 1915. p. 6. Retrieved 12 September 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive. Corporal Issy Smith, the Jewish V.C., who is being treated in the Dublin University V.A.D. Auxiliary Hospital, Mountjoy square, for gas posioning, had a busy time last evening.
  35. ^ The Jewish Chronicle, 11 February 1916, p. 8.
  36. ^ "Decorated by the King [on 3 February 1916]. Sergeant Issy Smith; with his mother and sister". Illustrated War News. 9 February 1916. p. 34. Retrieved 13 September 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  37. ^ Knight 2022, p. 397.
  38. ^ Cesarani, p. 118.
  39. ^ "Jewish V.C.'s visit. Corporal Smith's recruiting campaign in Leeds". Leeds Mercury. 21 September 1915. p. 4. Retrieved 13 September 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  40. ^ "V.C.'s visit to Manchester". Manchester Courier. 30 September 1915. p. 5. Retrieved 13 September 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  41. ^ The Times, 6 September 1915; p. 11; Issue 40952; col D.
  42. ^ Keogh, p. 69.
  43. ^ The Jewish Chronicle, 22 October 1915, p. 5.
  44. ^ The Jewish Chronicle, 22 October 1915, p 13.
  45. ^ "Military boxing tournament [at Esher on 16 August]". Surrey Advertiser. 9 August 1916. p. 4. Retrieved 13 September 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  46. ^ "Dick Burge's forthcoming ambulance fund tournament". Southwark and Bermondsey recorder. 18 August 1916. p. 2. Retrieved 12 September 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive. A Bermondsey boxer... will have the honour of opening the proceedings in a six rounds bout with Sergt. Issy Smith, the Manchester V.C. hero.
  47. ^ Omissi, India and the Western Front, bbc.co.uk. Accessed 15 August 2007.
  48. ^ James, p. 96.
  49. ^ Knight 2022, p. 421.
  50. ^ Knight 2022, p. 447.
  51. ^ Knight 2022, p. 454.
  52. ^ Knight 2022, p. 459-460.
  53. ^ Knight 2022, p. 462.
  54. ^ Knight 2022, p. 466.
  55. ^ Knight 2022, p. 467.
  56. ^ "Jewish V.C. hero weds". Sheffield Daily Telegraph. 24 March 1919. p. 4. Retrieved 12 September 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive. The bridegroom, who has been wounded four times, was in the 1st Battalion of the Manchester Regiment, and he was the second of the five Jews to win the V.C. in the war.
  57. ^ Knight 2022, pp. 472–474.
  58. ^ The Times, 28 June 1920; p. 19; Issue 42448; col B.
  59. ^ The Times, 15 September 1921; p. 5; Issue 42826; col G.
  60. ^ The Times, 31 July 1922; p. 12; Issue 43097; col A.
  61. ^ Jewish Chronicle, 20 January 1922, p. 9.
  62. ^ Jewish Chronicle, 28 November 1924, p. 13.
  63. ^ a b Jewish Chronicle, 6 October 1995, p. 6.
  64. ^ Grimsby Evening Telegraph, 7 September 2006.
  65. ^ Knight 2022, pp. 484.
  66. ^ Knight 2022, pp. 480–481.
  67. ^ Knight 2022, pp. 485.
  68. ^ Knight 2022, pp. 620–621.
  69. ^ Knight 2022, pp. 627–628.
  70. ^ Knight 2022, pp. 723–752.
  71. ^ Knight 2022, pp. 879–880, 1124–1125.
  72. ^ Henry Benjamin (28 September 2010). "Issy Smith V.C. – not forgotten". Retrieved 7 July 2025 – via J-Wire: Australia, NZ and worldwide Jewish news that matters. Issy Smith, VC died on 10 September 1940 and was buried with full military honours in the Fawkner Cemetery. The Memorial Service was held on his 70th Yahrtzeit and many of his family members attended including his son Maurice who lives in NSW.
  73. ^ Rashty, Sandy (24 September 2013). "U-turn means World War One hero will be honoured". The Jewish Chronicle. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  74. ^ "Commemorating the overseas-born Victoria Cross Heroes" (PDF). First World War centenary programme. 5 March 2015.
  75. ^ "Issy Smith VC". www.londonremembers.com. map plots of memorials. Unveiled shortly before 1 Dec 2015, probably on 23 November 2015

Bibliography

Further reading


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