Manchester Regiment

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the Jacobite unit, see Manchester Regiment (Jacobite).

Manchester Regiment
Cap badge of the Manchester Regiment during the First World War.
Active1 July 1881 – 1 September 1958
Country United Kingdom
Branch British Army
TypeInfantry
SizeLine infantry
Garrison/HQLadysmith Barracks, Ashton-under-Lyne
AnniversariesLadysmith, 23 February
Kohima, 15 May
Guadeloupe, 10 June
Inkerman, 5 November
Commanders
Colonel-in-ChiefHM King George V (1930)
HM Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (1947)
Colonel of
the Regiment		Edmund Richard Jeffreys (1881)
John MacNeill Walter (1889) Sir Henry Radford Norman (1895)
Vere Hunt Bowles (1899)
William Osborne Barnard (1904)
Sir Vere Bonamy Fane (1920)
Sir Willoughby Garnons Gwatkin (1924)
Hon. Sir Herbert Alexander Lawrence (1925)
Wilfrid Keith Evans (1932)
Francis Holland Dorling (1934)
Charles Dawson Moorhead (1947)
Eric Boyd Costin (1948)
Thomas Bell Lindsay Churchill (1954)

The Manchester Regiment was a

Volunteer battalions became the 5th, 6th, 7th
, 8th, 9th and 10th battalions.

After distinguished service in both the First and the Second World Wars, the Manchester Regiment was amalgamated with the King's Regiment (Liverpool) in 1958, to form the King's Regiment (Manchester and Liverpool), which was, in 2006, amalgamated with the King's Own Royal Border Regiment and the Queen's Lancashire Regiment to form the present Duke of Lancaster's Regiment (King's, Lancashire and Border).

1881–1899

Between the 1860s and 1880s, the British Army underwent a period of reform implemented by

rifle corps units from Lancashire.[3] By July, the regiment had the following under its command:[4][5]

  • Regimental Headquarters
  • 63rd Regimental District (Regimental Depot) based in Ashton (later named Ladysmith Barracks)
  • 1st Battalion (Regular)
  • 2nd Battalion (Regular)
  • 3rd (1st Battalion, 6th Royal Lancashire Militia) Battalion (Militia)
  • 4th (2nd Battalion, 6th Royal Lancashire Militia) Battalion (Militia)
  • 1st Volunteer Battalion — former 4th Lancashire Rifle Volunteers
  • 2nd Volunteer Battalion — former 6th Lancashire (1st Manchester) Rifle Volunteers
  • 3rd Volunteer Battalion — former 40th Lancashire (3rd Manchester) Rifle Volunteers
  • 4th Volunteer Battalion — former 20th Lancashire (2nd Manchester) Rifle Volunteers
  • 5th (Ardwick) Volunteer Battalion — former 23rd Lancashire Rifle Volunteers
  • 6th Volunteer Battalion — former 7th Lancashire Rifle Volunteers

The 1st Battalion was deployed to Egypt to take part in the Anglo-Egyptian War in 1882 and was then deployed to Gibraltar in 1897. The 2nd Battalion was based in India from 1882 to 1897 and saw action on the North-West Frontier before departing for Aden.[6]

1899–1914

Second Boer War

The Manchester Regiment in the full dress uniform of 1914. Illustration by Harry Payne (1858–1927)

Amidst growing tension between Boers and the British in the Transvaal, the 1st Manchester shipped to South Africa in September 1899. The battalion arrived in

Imperial Light Horse came under ineffectual artillery fire.[7]

The 1st Manchesters, along with the

Imperial Light Horse, took part in the subsequent assault. The fighting was heavy, with the Boers pouring accurate fire into the advancing British troops. Under increasingly heavy fire, the battalion halted its advance. The Manchester became the main vanguard of the frontal assault, having originally been tasked with a left-flank attack on the Boer hills. Once the battalion closed in, the Boers withdrew to their main line of defence.[9]

On 2 November, Boer forces encircled and isolated the town of Ladysmith, beginning a 118-day siege.[10] On 6 January 1900, a contingent of 16 soldiers of the 1st Manchesters came under attack at Wagon Hill, near to Caeser's Camp. Against superior numbers, the detachment held its position for 15 hours. Only two survived, Privates Pitts and Scott, who had continued to hold out for many hours when the others had been killed. Both received the Victoria Cross for their actions, giving the regiment its first two VCs. By 28 February, Ladysmith had finally been relieved by a force under the command of General Redvers Buller.[11]

St Ann's Square, Manchester

The 2nd Manchesters was mobilized into a new

8th Division going to South Africa for the war. 930 officers and men of the regiment left Southampton in the SS Bavarian in March 1900,[12] and in April arrived in Natal as reinforcements.[13] Both battalions participated in the offensive that followed the relieving of Ladysmith, Kimberley and Mafeking. After the fall of Bloemfontein and Pretoria, the Boer commandos transitioned to guerrilla warfare. The 2nd Manchesters operated in the Orange Free State, searching farms and burning those suspected of housing commandos.[14] The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging in May 1902.[15] The 2nd battalion stayed in South Africa throughout the war. Four months later 340 officers and men of the battalion left Cape Town on the SS Michigan in late September 1902, arriving at Southampton in late October, when they were posted to Aldershot.[16]

When the Boers proved more resilient than predicted, a number of regiments recruited in large centres of population formed additional regular battalions. The Manchester Regiment formed the 3rd and 4th Battalions in February 1900,

Cork. In 1906, the 3rd and 4th battalions both returned to the United Kingdom, where they were disbanded.[6]

The

5th (Militia) Battalion (until February 1900 known as the 3rd battalion) was embodied in May 1900, disembodied in October that year, and re-embodied in May 1901 for service in South Africa, for which it embarked the following month.[19] More than 800 officers and men returned to Southampton in July 1902, following the end of the war.[20]

The

6th (Militia) Battalion (until February 1900 known as the 4th battalion) was embodied in May 1900, disembodied in October that year, and later re-embodied for service in South Africa. More than 640 officers and men returned to Southampton by the SS Guelph in October 1902, following the end of the war, and was disbanded at the Ashton barracks.[21]

The 1911 Delhi Durbar

The 1st Manchesters left South Africa for Singapore in 1903. The following year, the 1st moved to India, where, in 1911, the battalion paraded at the Delhi Durbar, attended by King George V and Queen Mary.[22] The 2nd Manchesters had returned to Britain in 1902, where it remained until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.[23]

Haldane reforms

In 1908, the Volunteers and Militia were reorganised nationally, with the former becoming the

Special Reserve.[24] The regiment now had two Reserve and six Territorial battalions:[25][4][26][23]

First World War

Mobilisation

On the outbreak of war in August 1914 the 1st Battalion was part of the

8th (Jullundur) Brigade of the 3rd (Lahore) Indian Division, while the 2nd Battalion was part of 14th Brigade in 5th Division, stationed in Ireland.[26][23]

In August 1914 the two Special Reserve battalions went to their war station in the Humber Garrison where they carried out the dual tasks of garrison duties and preparing reinforcement drafts of regular reservists, special reservists, recruits and returning wounded for the two regular battalions. [26][23]

The Territorial battalions mobilised in August 1914 as part of the

42nd (East Lancashire) Division. Those men who were ineligible for overseas service, together with the volunteers who were flooding in, were formed into second line units distinguished with a '2/' prefix (2/5th Manchesters etc) . The 2nd Line battalions of the Manchesters joined the 66th (2nd East Lancashire) Division.[4][26][23][27][28][29][30][31]

Alfred Leete's recruitment poster for Kitchener's Army.

Meanwhile on 6 August 1914, less than 48 hours after Britain's declaration of war, Parliament sanctioned an increase of 500,000 men for the Regular Army, and the newly-appointed Secretary of State for War, Earl Kitchener of Khartoum issued his famous call to arms: 'Your King and Country Need You', urging the first 100,000 volunteers to come forward. This group of six divisions with supporting arms became known as Kitchener's First New Army, or 'K1'.[32][33] Volunteers poured into the recruiting offices across the country and were formed into 'Service' battalions of the county regiments. So many came forward that the 'K1' battalions were quickly filled and the recruitment of the 'K2' , 'K3' and 'K4' units quickly followed. The Manchesters formed the 11th (Service) Bn (K1), 12th (Service) Bn (K2), 13th (Service) Bn (K3) and 14th (Reserve) Bn (K4).[4][26][23]

The flood of volunteers overwhelmed the ability of the army to absorb and organise them, and by the time the Fifth New Army (K5) was authorised, many of its constituent units were being organised as "

Lord Mayor and City of Manchester raised eight battalions of Manchester Pals, which became the 16th–23rd (Service) Bns of the Manchester Regiment, subtitled '1st City', '2nd City', etc. Meanwhile the Mayor and Town of Oldham raised the 24th (Service) Bn (Oldham Pioneers). Later the 25th–27th (Reserve) Bns were formed from the depot companies of the Pals battalions.[4][26][23]

Western Front

Graves of five soldiers in the cemetery of Ervillers.

The 1st Battalion moved to France, landing at

Bedfordshire Regiment near Festubert.[34] Three days later, a heavy bombardment preceded an attack by a German force directed against the 2nd Battalion, Manchesters and the 1st Battalion, Devonshire Regiment. Despite capturing a trench line, the Germans were unable to capitalise due to the actions of a platoon commanded by Second-Lieutenant James Leach. In the process of their methodical retaking of the trench, the party killed eight, wounded two and captured 14 soldiers.[35] For their contribution to the defence of the Manchesters' trenches, Second-Lieutenant Leach and Sergeant John Hogan were awarded the Victoria Cross.[36] Severe casualties were sustained by the 1st Manchesters and its brigade during the Battle of Neuve Chapelle. A succession of intensely fought battles followed, culminating in the Second Battle of Ypres and Battle of Loos.[37]

The 2nd Manchesters embarked for France with the 5th Division in August 1914 and contributed to the rearguard actions that supported the British Expeditionary Force's (BEF) retreat following the Battle of Mons.[38] The battalion was engaged in the battles of the Marne, the Aisne and "First Ypres".[39]

On 1 July 1916, the first day of the Battle of the Somme, the regiment had nine battalions committed, including the Manchester Pals, the 16th (1st City), 17th (2nd City), 18th (3rd City) and 19th (4th City), all serving in the 90th Brigade of the 30th Division. The day proved to be the deadliest in the British Army's history, with more than 57,000 killed, wounded or missing.[40]

The regiment continued its involvement in the Somme Offensive. In late July, the 16th, 17th and 18th Manchesters attacked an area in the vicinity of the small village of Guillemont. During the action, Company Sergeant-Major George Evans, of the 18th, volunteered to deliver an important message, having witnessed five previous, fatal attempts to do so. He delivered his message, running more than half a mile despite being wounded. He was awarded the Victoria Cross.[41]

C Company, 2nd Manchesters taking the battery at Francilly Selency. Painting by Richard Caton Woodville (1856–1927)

On 2 April 1917, the 2nd Manchesters attacked Francilly-Selency, in which C Company captured a battery of 77 mm guns and a number of machine-guns. Two paintings were made of this action by the military artist Richard Caton Woodville.[42] Later in the month, the Manchester Regiment fought in the Arras Offensive.[43]

Preparations for a

Passchendaele) reduced the battleground to an intractable morass.[45] During "Third Ypres", Sergeant Coverdale, of the 11th (Service) Battalion, killed three snipers, rushed two machine gun positions, then reorganised his platoon to capture another position, though after advancing some distance was forced back due to bombardment from the British artillery, suffering nine casualties in the advance.[46]

After serving on the Western Front from July 1915 with

German Spring Offensive and the Allied Hundred Days Offensive.[4][26][23][47][48][49][50][51]

In March 1918, the

66th (2nd East Lancashire) Division, all battalions of the Territorial Force.[26][23]

The later-prominent war poet, Wilfred Owen served with the 2nd Battalion, Manchesters in the later stages of the war. On 1 October 1918, Owen led units of it to storm a number of enemy strong points near the village of Joncourt. For his courage and leadership in the Joncourt action, he was awarded the Military Cross, an award he had always sought in order to justify himself.[54] On 4 November 1918, Wilfred Owen was killed in action during the crossing of the Sambre–Oise Canal, exactly one week (almost to the hour) before the signing of the Armistice of 11 November 1918 and was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant the day after his death.[55]

Middle East

In September 1914, just before the

initial landings in April.[58]

The Manchesters disembarked at "V" and "W",[58] where, in the April landings, there had been at least 2,000 casualties.[59] The Manchester battalions took part in the Third Battle of Krithia on 4 June 1915. The 127th Brigade reached their first objective and advanced a further 1,000 yards, capturing 217 Ottomans in the process.[60]

During the Battle of Krithia Vineyard, the Manchesters suffered heavy losses and gained a Victoria Cross for gallantry by Lieutenant Forshaw of the 1/9th Battalion. The evacuation of Cape Helles lasted from December 1915 to January 1916. The Manchester battalions suffered many casualties during the Dardnalles Campaign. At the Helles Memorial, 1,215 names of the Manchesters alone fill the memorial.[61]

The 1st Manchesters embarked for the Mesopotamian campaign, accompanying the infantry element of the Indian Corps, from France in late 1915. The battalion took part in the Battle of Dujaila in March 1916, which was intended to relieve the British forces in Kut-al-Amara, which was being besieged by Ottoman forces. In the battle, the 1st Manchesters seized the trenches of the Dujaila Redoubt with the 59th Scinde Rifles (Frontier Force); however, they were subsequently displaced by an Ottoman counter-attack, being forced back to their starting lines. During the withdrawal, Private Stringer held his ground single-handedly, securing the flank of his battalion. He was awarded the Victoria Cross. British and Indian forces suffered 4,000 casualties. After five failed attempts to relieve the town, Kut surrendered to Ottoman forces on 29 April 1916. The 1st Manchesters would take part in further actions in Mesopotamia, but in March 1918 the battalion moved to Egypt.[26][23]

The battalion then moved to Ottoman-controlled

Turkish Eighth Army, had been broken. Open warfare defined the theatre. During the Megiddo offensive, the cavalry advanced more than 70 miles in 36 hours. The 1st Manchesters took part in further engagements until the Armistice with the Ottoman Empire, remaining in the area until 1919.[62]

Home Front

During a raid by German Zeppelin L 21 on the night of 31 March - 1 April 1916, 31 soldiers of the 3rd Manchesters were killed when a bomb hit their billet at Cleethorpes.[63][a]

As the war continued the Manchesters organised a number of other battalions for service away from the front lines. In 1915 the Home Service men of the TF battalions of the Manchesters and the Lancashire Fusiliers, were combined into 45th Provisional Battalion, which became 28th Manchesters on 1 January 1917. It served at home in 73rd Division and was disbanded in 1918.[4][26][23][65][66] A 29th Battalion was formed in June 1918, but within days was absorbed into 16th (1st City) Bn. The 1st Garrison Battalion served in India, and the 2nd (Home Service) Garrison Bn at home. In addition, three training battalions were organised in 1917 for progressive training of recruits: 51st (Graduated), 52nd (Graduated) and 53rd (Young Soldier) Bns.[4][26][23] One of the last surviving First World War veterans, Netherwood Hughes, served in the 51st Battalion.[67] Ned Hughes died 4 April 2009 aged 108.[68]

Interwar years

In 1919, during the interwar period, the 1st Manchesters returned to Britain for a year, later reinforcing the garrison in Ireland. In 1922, it garrisoned the Channel Islands before joining the British Army of the Rhine in Germany. It returned to Britain in 1927 and, in 1933, departed for the West Indies. After being posted to Egypt in 1936, the 1st Manchesters was converted into a Vickers machine-gun battalion.[69] The battalion had to be rushed to the Mandate of Palestine when the Arab populace erupted in revolt. In difficult conditions, the battalion suffered four killed and contributed a number of men to the counter-insurgency Special Night Squads.[69] In 1937, a company on detachment in Cyprus provided a special guard for the Coronation parade. In 1938, the battalion moved to Singapore.[70]

Meanwhile, in 1920, the 2nd Manchesters became part of the garrison in Mesopotamia,

mandate territory under the auspices of the League of Nations.[72] During an action near Hillah, Captain Henderson reorganised his company, who were wavering in the face of a large force of tribesmen, then led the company in three attacks against the tribesmen, being severely wounded in the second attack, though carrying on for the third and final counter-attack. He carried on fighting until he succumbed to a loss of blood and collapsed. Aided by one of his men, who helped him to stand, Henderson told his company, "I'm done now, don't let them beat you." He was shot again, which killed him. He was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions.[73] The battalion departed for India in 1922, where it remained until 1932. At the beginning of the Second World War, it was stationed in Britain.[6]

The Territorial Force had been demobilised in 1919. It was reformed on 7 February 1920 and reorganised and renamed as the Territorial Army the following year. The battalions of the Manchester Regiment were reformed, the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th continuing to serve in the 127th (Manchester) Infantry Brigade, and the 9th and 10th with 126th (East Lancashire) Infantry Brigade (alongside the 4th and 5th East Lancashire Regiment), both brigades still being part of 42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division. However, in 1921, the 6th and 7th battalions were amalgamated as the 6th/7th Battalion and later converted to become the 65th (The Manchester Regiment) Anti-Aircraft Brigade, Royal Artillery.[74]

On 31 October 1938, during the period of rearmament preceding the Second World War, the 10th (Territorial Army) Battalion was converted to armour, becoming the 41st Battalion, Royal Tank Corps, later 41st (Oldham) Royal Tank Regiment. A 'second line' battalion, which was formed at Oldham in 1939, became the 47th (Oldham) Royal Tank Regiment.[75][76]

Second World War

North West Europe and Italy

When the

German Army invaded France in May 1940, the 2nd, 5th and 1/9th Manchesters formed part of the British Expeditionary Force - the 2nd and 1/9th were Machine Gun battalions.[77] The 2nd Battalion, a Regular Army unit, was the MG Battalion of the 2nd Infantry Division, the 5th was serving with 4th East Lancashire Regiment and 1st Highland Light Infantry in the 127th Infantry Brigade, 42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division and the 1/9th was with III Corps GHQ Troops. Despite putting up a stubborn defence, the BEF went into retreat, the Manchesters being engaged along the way. Much of the BEF converged on Dunkirk, where hundreds of ships evacuated more than 330,000 soldiers back to Britain. Of the surviving men of the 2nd Manchesters, more than 300 men were evacuated. Fewer than 200 remained, fighting until being either captured or killed.[78] The 5th and 1/9th were also evacuated, having suffered light casualties. The evacuation ended on 3 June. Captain Jack Churchill, the only known man to kill an enemy with a longbow in the Second World War, was serving with the Manchester Regiment during this period.[79]

In November 1941, the 5th Manchesters, along with the rest of the division (which became

Royal Family was in residence and then served as a machine-gun battalion with 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division until the end of the war.[82][83]

Men of the Manchester Regiment manning a Vickers machine gun, Southern Command, 16 August 1941.

In November 1941, the 2/9th Manchesters, a 2nd Line Territorial Army duplicate of the 1/9th and a Machine Gun Battalion, was transferred to the Royal Artillery and converted into the 88th Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery. (Sometime after this, the 1/9th Battalion was redesignated as the 9th Battalion.) The 88th Anti-Tank Regiment was part of the 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division until July 1943 when it transferred elsewhere and, in January 1944, the regiment was transferred to 45th (Holding) Division where it converted to the 88th Training Regiment, Royal Artillery.[84]

The 6th Battalion, created on 31 July 1939 as a duplicate of the 5th Battalion, was serving as part of the

advanced across Northern France, reaching Antwerp in Belgium in early September. The 1st Manchesters, along with the rest of the 53rd (Welsh) Division, moved to Turnhout, before advancing later that month into the Netherlands, where the 1st and 7th Manchesters saw heavy action, with the 7th, now as part of the 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division, fighting in the Battle of the Scheldt under command of the First Canadian Army. The 1st Manchesters, after entering German territory in the face of the Wehrmacht's defences, crossed the Rhine with the 53rd Division in late March.[86] The 7th Manchesters with 52nd Division saw its last fighting in Bremen, when that city was captured on 26 April. The 1st Battalion ended the war in Hamburg when that city surrendered on 3 May.[6]

The 8th (Ardwick) Battalion had been serving alongside the 5th Manchesters in the 127th Brigade of the 42nd Division until 5 May 1940, when the battalion was transferred to

Italian campaign. The 9th Battalion was part of the 4th Indian Infantry Division and later, from 15 July 1944 until 31 August 1945, formed the Support Battalion of the British 46th Infantry Division. The 9th Manchesters saw much action during the Battles for the Gothic Line in August–September 1944, including the Battle of Montegridolfo. After service in Greece during the civil war and a return to Italy for the last weeks of the campaign there, it reached Graz, Austria by the end of the war.[88]

Far East

Vickers machine-gun of the 1st Battalion, Manchester Regiment, 17 October 1941, Malaya

Stationed in

surrender of Singapore on 15 February. About 80,000 British and Commonwealth personnel became POWs of the Imperial Japanese Army. The 1st Battalion was reformed in the United Kingdom by the redesignation of the 6th Battalion.[85]

In 1942, the 2nd Manchesters was sent to the

actions in Burma until April 1945, when it returned to India.[89]

Postwar

The 1st Manchesters remained in Germany as part of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) until it returned to Britain in 1947, where it was joined by the 2nd Battalion. On 1 June 1948, the two battalions amalgamated in the presence of the regiment's colonel-in-chief, Queen Elizabeth.[90] Soon afterwards, the 1st Battalion was posted to Germany, being first based at Wuppertal. On the regiment joining the West Berlin garrison in 1950, detachments performed guard duty at Spandau Prison.[90] The battalion proceeded, in 1951, to Malaya aboard the troopship Empire Hallande. In three years of service during the Malayan Emergency, the Manchesters had 15 men killed in action.[91]

With the exception of a brief return to Britain, the 1st Battalion, Manchesters remained part of BAOR until 1958. In the same year, the regiment was amalgamated with the King's Regiment (Liverpool) to create the King's Regiment.[92]

Heritage & ceremonial

Regimental museum

The Museum of the Manchester Regiment, which had previously been based at Ladysmith Barracks, moved to Ashton Town Hall in 1987.[93] The museum remains closed while the town hall is being redeveloped.[94]

Regimental collect

The regimental collect was:[95]

O Lord our God whose name only is excellent and thy praise above heaven and earth we thank thee for the men of the Manchester Regiment who counted not their lives dear unto themselves but laid them down for their friends, beseeching thee to give them a part in those good things which thou has prepared for all whose names are written in the Book of Life. And grant to us that having them always in remembrance we may imitate their faithfulness and with them inherit, the new name which thou has promised to them that overcome; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

Battle honours

The battle honours of the regiment were as follows:[85]

Colonels-in-Chief

Colonels-in-Chief were:[25]

Regimental Colonels

Colonels of the regiment were:[25]

  • 1877–1881 (1st Battalion): Gen. Sir Richard Waddy (ex 63rd Foot)
  • 1877–1881 (2nd Battalion): Gen. Thomas Maitland Wilson (ex 96th Foot)
  • 1881–1889: Gen. Edmund Richard Jeffreys, CB
  • 1889–1895: Gen.
    John McNeill Walter
    , CB
  • 1895–1899: Lt-Gen. Sir Henry Radford Norman, KCB
  • 1899–1904: Lt-Gen. Vere Hunt Bowles
  • 1904–1920: Maj-Gen. William Osborne Barnard
  • 1920–1924: Maj-Gen. Sir Vere Bonamy Fane, KCB, KCIE
  • 1924–1925: Maj-Gen. Sir Willoughby Garnons Gwatkin, KCMG, CB
  • 1925–1932: Gen. Hon. Sir Herbert Alexander Lawrence, GCB
  • 1932–1935: Brig-Gen. Wilfrid Keith Evans, CMG, DSO
  • 1934–1947: Col. Francis Holland Dorling, DSO
  • 1947–1948: Maj-Gen. Charles Dawson Moorhead, CB, DSO, MC
  • 1948–1954: Maj-Gen. Eric Boyd Costin, DSO
  • 1954–1958: Maj-Gen. Thomas Bell Lindsay Churchill, CB, CBE, MC (to King's Regiment)
  • 1958: Regiment merged with the
    The King's Regiment (Manchester and Liverpool)

Manchester Regiment Victoria Cross recipients

Second Boer War

First World War

1920 Iraqi Revolt

Footnotes

  1. ^ Another account attributes the raid to Zeppelin LZ 64 and gives the casualties of the 3rd Manchesters as 29 killed and 53 wounded.[64]

Notes

  1. ^ Mileham (2000), p. 58.
  2. ^ "No. 24992". The London Gazette. 1 July 1881. pp. 3300–3301.
  3. ^ a b Frederick, John Bassett Moore (1969), Lineage book of the British Army; Mounted Corps and Infantry, 1660–1968, pp. 112–3.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Frederick, pp. 130–3.
  5. ^ "The Manchester Regiment [UK]". 28 October 2007. Archived from the original on 28 October 2007. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d "Manchester Regiment". National Army Museum. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
  7. ^ a b Mileham (2000), pp. 65–7.
  8. ^ Fremont-Barnes (2003), The Boer War 1899–1902, p. 11.
  9. ISBN 978-0-86977-074-0
    .
  10. ^ Raugh, Harold E. (2004), The Victorians at War, 1815–1914: An Encyclopedia of British Military History, p. 205.
  11. ^ Holmes, p. 97.
  12. ^ "The War - Embarcation of Troops". The Times. No. 36092. London. 17 March 1900. p. 9.
  13. ^ Mileham (2000), p. 73.
  14. ^ Mileham (2000), p. 75.
  15. ^ Cavendish, Richard (5 May 2002). "The Peace of Vereeniging". History Today. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
  16. ^ "The Army in South Africa - Troops returning Home". The Times. No. 36888. London. 2 October 1902. p. 4.
  17. ^ "The War - Infantry and Militia battalions". The Times. No. 36069. London. 19 February 1900. p. 12.
  18. ^ "The Army in South Africa". The Times. No. 36832. London. 29 July 1902. p. 7.
  19. ^ Hart's Army list, 1903.
  20. ^ "The Army in South Africa - Troops returning home". The Times. No. 36821. London. 16 July 1902. p. 11.
  21. ^ "The Army in South Africa - Troops returning home". The Times. No. 36871. London. 12 September 1902. p. 5.
  22. ^ "The Manchester Regiment 1899–1958: Medal Rolls". The Manchesters. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Manchester Regiment at Long, Long Trail.
  24. ^ "Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 31 March 1908. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
  25. ^ a b c "Manchester Regiment". regiments.org. Archived from the original on 16 December 2007. Retrieved 5 February 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l James, pp. 96–7.
  27. ^ Gibbon, pp. 1–18.
  28. ^ Becke, Pt 2a, pp. 35–41.
  29. ^ Becke, Pt 2b, pp. 67–74.
  30. ^ 42nd (EL) Division at Long, Long Trail.
  31. ^ 66th (2nd EL) Division at Long, Long Trail.
  32. ^ War Office Instructions No 32 (6 August) and No 37 (7 August).
  33. ^ Becke, Pt 3a, pp. 2 & 8; Appendix I.
  34. ^ Wylly, H. C. (1923), History of the Manchester Regiment (Late the 63rd and 96th Foot), p. 108.
  35. ^ Mileham (2000), p. 86.
  36. ^ "No. 29015". The London Gazette. 22 December 1914. p. 10920.
  37. ^ "The Manchester Regiment 1899–1958: The First Battalion". The Manchesters. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  38. ^ Mileham (2000), pp. 83–4.
  39. ^ "The Manchester Regiment 1899–1958: The Second Battalion". The Manchesters. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  40. ^ "The Battle of the Somme". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  41. ^ "No. 31759". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 January 1920. p. 1217.
  42. ^ "Richard Caton Woodville". Direct Art. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  43. ^ "Remembering the Battle of Arras: First Battle of the Scarpe 9-14 April 1917". Jeremy Banning. 8 April 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  44. ^ Mileham (2000), p. 125.
  45. ^ Morrow (2005), The Great War: An Imperial History, p. 192.
  46. ^ "No. 30433". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 December 1917. p. 13222.
  47. ^ Becke, Pt 3a, pp. 71–7.
  48. ^ Frederick, p. 38.
  49. ^ James, p. 22.
  50. ^ DLOY at Long, Long Trail.
  51. ^ 17th (N) Division at Long, Long Trail.
  52. ^ Robbins, Keith (2002), The First World War, p. 73.
  53. ^ "No. 31395". The London Gazette. 6 June 1919. p. 7419.
  54. ^ "No. 31183". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 February 1919. p. 2378.
  55. ISBN 0-571-20725-1
    .
  56. ^ Mileham (2000), p. 109.
  57. ^ Westlake, Ray & Chappell, Mike (1991), British Territorial Units 1914–18, p. 20.
  58. ^ a b Mileham (2000), p. 111.
  59. ^ Keegan, p. 265.
  60. ^ Green, p. 106.
  61. ^ "Helles Memorial". Battlefields. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  62. ^ "Charles Hampson, Photograph of three graves". Europeana. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  63. ^ Cook, Vernon (1999). "Zeppelin Disaster Casualty List - Cleethorpes Lincs 1916". WEST-RIDING-L Archives. Ancestry.com.
  64. ^ Morris, pp. 71, 179.
  65. ^ Army Council Instructions, January 1916, Appendix 18.
  66. ^ Becke, Pt 2b, pp. 111–6.
  67. ^ Bingham, John (20 November 2008). "'New' First World War veteran comes to light through internet". Telegraph Online. Retrieved 25 November 2008.
  68. ^ Report on Ned Hughes' death Archived 15 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  69. ^ a b Mileham (2000), pp. 136–7.
  70. ^ "Abie's War: 1st Battalion Manchester Regiment". BBC. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  71. ^ Mileham (2000), p. 132.
  72. ^ Arthur, Max (2005), Symbol of Courage: The Men Behind the Medal, pp. 376–7.
  73. ^ "No. 32106". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 October 1920. p. 10579.
  74. ^ "2 AA Division 1936" (PDF). British Military History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  75. ^ "Museum of the Manchester Regiment". Tameside Borough Council. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
  76. ^ "The Royal Tank Regiment [UK]". Archived from the original on 3 January 2006. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
  77. ^ Mileham (2000), pp. 141–2.
  78. ^ Mileham (2000), p. 145.
  79. ^ Hay, Mark (20 May 2014). "The British Soldier Who Killed Nazis with a Sword and a Longbow". Vice. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  80. ^ George Forty (1998), British Army Handbook 1939–1945, Stroud: Sutton Publishing, p. 50.
  81. ^ "Royal Armoured Corps [UK]". Archived from the original on 3 January 2006. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
  82. ^ Manchester Territorials
  83. ^ Joslen, p. 90.
  84. ^ "The Royal Artillery 1939–45". p. 88 Anti-Tank Regiment RA(TA).
  85. ^ a b c "1st Bn, The Manchester Regiment: Service". Archived from the original on 7 January 2006. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
  86. ^ a b "Manchester Regiment". Vickers Machine Gun. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  87. ^ "42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division" (PDF). British Military History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
  88. ^ "Leslie James Nicholson". The men behind the medals. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  89. ^ "The Battle for Kohima, 1944 the narrative of the 2nd Battalion the Manchester Regiment the Machine Gun Battalion of the British 2nd Division". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  90. ^ a b Mileham (2000), pp. 183–4.
  91. ^ "The Manchester Regiment 1899–1958: Germany and Malaya". The Manchesters. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  92. ^ Mileham (2000), p.193.
  93. ^ "Museum of the Manchester Regiment". The Men Behind the Medals. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  94. ^ "Museum of the Manchester Regiment". Tameside Council. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  95. ^ "The Regimental Handbook of the Duke of Lancaster's Regiment". The Regimental Charity of The Duke of Lancaster’s Regiment. 2007. p. 8. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  96. ^ "No. 27338". The London Gazette. 26 July 1901. p. 4949.
  97. ^ "No. 27338". The London Gazette. 26 July 1901. p. 4949.
  98. ^ "No. 29015". The London Gazette. 22 December 1914. p. 10920.
  99. ^ "No. 29015". The London Gazette. 22 December 1914. p. 10920.
  100. ^ "No. 29272". The London Gazette (Supplement). 20 August 1915. p. 8374.
  101. ^ "No. 29289". The London Gazette (Supplement). 7 September 1915. p. 8971.
  102. ^ "William Thomas Forshaw". The Museum of the Manchester Regiment. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  103. ^ "William Thomas Forshaw". Victoria Cross Online. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  104. ^ "No. 29695". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 August 1916. p. 7744.
  105. ^ "No. 31759". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 January 1920. p. 1217.
  106. ^ "Sergeant Major George Evans VC". London Remembers. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  107. ^ "William John George Evans". Victoria Cross Online. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  108. ^ "No. 30433". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 December 1917. p. 13222.
  109. ^ "No. 30523". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 February 1918. p. 2005.
  110. ^ "No. 31395". The London Gazette. 6 June 1919. p. 7419.
  111. ^ "Wilfrith Elstob". The Museum of the Manchester Regiment. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  112. ^ "No. 31108". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 January 1919. p. 309.
  113. ^ "Alfred Wilkinson VC". Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  114. ^ "Alfred Robert Wilkinson". Victoria Cross Online. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  115. ^ "No. 31108". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 January 1919. p. 307.
  116. ^ "James Kirk VC". Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  117. ^ "James Kirk". Victoria Cross Online. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  118. ^ "James Kirk VC Blue Plaque". Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  119. ^ "James Kirk VC Biography". The Victoria Cross and George Cross Association. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  120. ^ "No. 32106". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 October 1920. p. 10579.
  121. ^ "George Stuart Henderson". Victoria Cross Online. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  122. ^ "George Stuart Henderson". The Museum of the Manchester Regiment. Retrieved 6 November 2022.

References

External links

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manchester Regiment.
Preceded by
63rd Regiment of Foot
96th Regiment of Foot
 Manchester Regiment
1881–1958 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester_Regiment&oldid=1183135888"