Manchester Regiment
Manchester Regiment | |
---|---|
Active | 1 July 1881 – 1 September 1958 |
Country | United Kingdom |
Branch | British Army |
Type | Infantry |
Size | Line infantry |
Garrison/HQ | Ladysmith Barracks, Ashton-under-Lyne |
Anniversaries | Ladysmith, 23 February Kohima, 15 May Guadeloupe, 10 June Inkerman, 5 November |
Commanders | |
Colonel-in-Chief | HM King George V (1930) HM Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (1947) |
Colonel of the Regiment | Edmund Richard Jeffreys (1881) John MacNeill Walter (1889) Sir Henry Radford Norman (1895) Vere Hunt Bowles (1899) William Osborne Barnard (1904) Sir Vere Bonamy Fane (1920) Sir Willoughby Garnons Gwatkin (1924) Hon. Sir Herbert Alexander Lawrence (1925) Wilfrid Keith Evans (1932) Francis Holland Dorling (1934) Charles Dawson Moorhead (1947) Eric Boyd Costin (1948) Thomas Bell Lindsay Churchill (1954) |
The Manchester Regiment was a
, 8th, 9th and 10th battalions.After distinguished service in both the First and the Second World Wars, the Manchester Regiment was amalgamated with the King's Regiment (Liverpool) in 1958, to form the King's Regiment (Manchester and Liverpool), which was, in 2006, amalgamated with the King's Own Royal Border Regiment and the Queen's Lancashire Regiment to form the present Duke of Lancaster's Regiment (King's, Lancashire and Border).
1881–1899
Between the 1860s and 1880s, the British Army underwent a period of reform implemented by
- Regimental Headquarters
- 63rd Regimental District (Regimental Depot) based in Ashton (later named Ladysmith Barracks)
- 1st Battalion (Regular)
- 2nd Battalion (Regular)
- 3rd (1st Battalion, 6th Royal Lancashire Militia) Battalion (Militia)
- 4th (2nd Battalion, 6th Royal Lancashire Militia) Battalion (Militia)
- 1st Volunteer Battalion — former 4th Lancashire Rifle Volunteers
- 2nd Volunteer Battalion — former 6th Lancashire (1st Manchester) Rifle Volunteers
- 3rd Volunteer Battalion — former 40th Lancashire (3rd Manchester) Rifle Volunteers
- 4th Volunteer Battalion — former 20th Lancashire (2nd Manchester) Rifle Volunteers
- 5th (Ardwick) Volunteer Battalion — former 23rd Lancashire Rifle Volunteers
- 6th Volunteer Battalion — former 7th Lancashire Rifle Volunteers
The 1st Battalion was deployed to Egypt to take part in the Anglo-Egyptian War in 1882 and was then deployed to Gibraltar in 1897. The 2nd Battalion was based in India from 1882 to 1897 and saw action on the North-West Frontier before departing for Aden.[6]
1899–1914
Second Boer War
Amidst growing tension between Boers and the British in the Transvaal, the 1st Manchester shipped to South Africa in September 1899. The battalion arrived in
The 1st Manchesters, along with the
On 2 November, Boer forces encircled and isolated the town of Ladysmith, beginning a 118-day siege.[10] On 6 January 1900, a contingent of 16 soldiers of the 1st Manchesters came under attack at Wagon Hill, near to Caeser's Camp. Against superior numbers, the detachment held its position for 15 hours. Only two survived, Privates Pitts and Scott, who had continued to hold out for many hours when the others had been killed. Both received the Victoria Cross for their actions, giving the regiment its first two VCs. By 28 February, Ladysmith had finally been relieved by a force under the command of General Redvers Buller.[11]
The 2nd Manchesters was mobilized into a new
When the Boers proved more resilient than predicted, a number of regiments recruited in large centres of population formed additional regular battalions. The Manchester Regiment formed the 3rd and 4th Battalions in February 1900,
The
The
The 1st Manchesters left South Africa for Singapore in 1903. The following year, the 1st moved to India, where, in 1911, the battalion paraded at the Delhi Durbar, attended by King George V and Queen Mary.[22] The 2nd Manchesters had returned to Britain in 1902, where it remained until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.[23]
Haldane reforms
In 1908, the Volunteers and Militia were reorganised nationally, with the former becoming the
- 3rd (Reserve) Battalion(SR) at Ladysmith Barracks
- 4th (Extra Reserve) Battalion(SR) at Ladysmith Barracks
- 5th Battalion (TF) at Bank Street in Wigan (since demolished)
- 6th Battalion (TF) at Stretford Road in Hulme (since demolished)
- 7th Battalion (TF) at Burlington Street in Manchester
- 8th (Ardwick) Battalion (TF) at Ardwick Green in Manchester
- 9th Battalion (TF) at Old Street in Ashton-under-Lyne
- 10th Battalion (TF) at Rifle Street in Oldham
First World War
Mobilisation
On the outbreak of war in August 1914 the 1st Battalion was part of the
In August 1914 the two Special Reserve battalions went to their war station in the Humber Garrison where they carried out the dual tasks of garrison duties and preparing reinforcement drafts of regular reservists, special reservists, recruits and returning wounded for the two regular battalions. [26][23]
The Territorial battalions mobilised in August 1914 as part of the
Meanwhile on 6 August 1914, less than 48 hours after Britain's declaration of war, Parliament sanctioned an increase of 500,000 men for the Regular Army, and the newly-appointed Secretary of State for War, Earl Kitchener of Khartoum issued his famous call to arms: 'Your King and Country Need You', urging the first 100,000 volunteers to come forward. This group of six divisions with supporting arms became known as Kitchener's First New Army, or 'K1'.[32][33] Volunteers poured into the recruiting offices across the country and were formed into 'Service' battalions of the county regiments. So many came forward that the 'K1' battalions were quickly filled and the recruitment of the 'K2' , 'K3' and 'K4' units quickly followed. The Manchesters formed the 11th (Service) Bn (K1), 12th (Service) Bn (K2), 13th (Service) Bn (K3) and 14th (Reserve) Bn (K4).[4][26][23]
The flood of volunteers overwhelmed the ability of the army to absorb and organise them, and by the time the Fifth New Army (K5) was authorised, many of its constituent units were being organised as "
Western Front
The 1st Battalion moved to France, landing at
The 2nd Manchesters embarked for France with the 5th Division in August 1914 and contributed to the rearguard actions that supported the British Expeditionary Force's (BEF) retreat following the Battle of Mons.[38] The battalion was engaged in the battles of the Marne, the Aisne and "First Ypres".[39]
On 1 July 1916, the first day of the Battle of the Somme, the regiment had nine battalions committed, including the Manchester Pals, the 16th (1st City), 17th (2nd City), 18th (3rd City) and 19th (4th City), all serving in the 90th Brigade of the 30th Division. The day proved to be the deadliest in the British Army's history, with more than 57,000 killed, wounded or missing.[40]
The regiment continued its involvement in the Somme Offensive. In late July, the 16th, 17th and 18th Manchesters attacked an area in the vicinity of the small village of Guillemont. During the action, Company Sergeant-Major George Evans, of the 18th, volunteered to deliver an important message, having witnessed five previous, fatal attempts to do so. He delivered his message, running more than half a mile despite being wounded. He was awarded the Victoria Cross.[41]
On 2 April 1917, the 2nd Manchesters attacked Francilly-Selency, in which C Company captured a battery of 77 mm guns and a number of machine-guns. Two paintings were made of this action by the military artist Richard Caton Woodville.[42] Later in the month, the Manchester Regiment fought in the Arras Offensive.[43]
Preparations for a
After serving on the Western Front from July 1915 with
In March 1918, the
The later-prominent war poet, Wilfred Owen served with the 2nd Battalion, Manchesters in the later stages of the war. On 1 October 1918, Owen led units of it to storm a number of enemy strong points near the village of Joncourt. For his courage and leadership in the Joncourt action, he was awarded the Military Cross, an award he had always sought in order to justify himself.[54] On 4 November 1918, Wilfred Owen was killed in action during the crossing of the Sambre–Oise Canal, exactly one week (almost to the hour) before the signing of the Armistice of 11 November 1918 and was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant the day after his death.[55]
Middle East
In September 1914, just before the
The Manchesters disembarked at "V" and "W",[58] where, in the April landings, there had been at least 2,000 casualties.[59] The Manchester battalions took part in the Third Battle of Krithia on 4 June 1915. The 127th Brigade reached their first objective and advanced a further 1,000 yards, capturing 217 Ottomans in the process.[60]
During the Battle of Krithia Vineyard, the Manchesters suffered heavy losses and gained a Victoria Cross for gallantry by Lieutenant Forshaw of the 1/9th Battalion. The evacuation of Cape Helles lasted from December 1915 to January 1916. The Manchester battalions suffered many casualties during the Dardnalles Campaign. At the Helles Memorial, 1,215 names of the Manchesters alone fill the memorial.[61]
The 1st Manchesters embarked for the Mesopotamian campaign, accompanying the infantry element of the Indian Corps, from France in late 1915. The battalion took part in the Battle of Dujaila in March 1916, which was intended to relieve the British forces in Kut-al-Amara, which was being besieged by Ottoman forces. In the battle, the 1st Manchesters seized the trenches of the Dujaila Redoubt with the 59th Scinde Rifles (Frontier Force); however, they were subsequently displaced by an Ottoman counter-attack, being forced back to their starting lines. During the withdrawal, Private Stringer held his ground single-handedly, securing the flank of his battalion. He was awarded the Victoria Cross. British and Indian forces suffered 4,000 casualties. After five failed attempts to relieve the town, Kut surrendered to Ottoman forces on 29 April 1916. The 1st Manchesters would take part in further actions in Mesopotamia, but in March 1918 the battalion moved to Egypt.[26][23]
The battalion then moved to Ottoman-controlled
Home Front
During a raid by German Zeppelin L 21 on the night of 31 March - 1 April 1916, 31 soldiers of the 3rd Manchesters were killed when a bomb hit their billet at Cleethorpes.[63][a]
As the war continued the Manchesters organised a number of other battalions for service away from the front lines. In 1915 the Home Service men of the TF battalions of the Manchesters and the Lancashire Fusiliers, were combined into 45th Provisional Battalion, which became 28th Manchesters on 1 January 1917. It served at home in 73rd Division and was disbanded in 1918.[4][26][23][65][66] A 29th Battalion was formed in June 1918, but within days was absorbed into 16th (1st City) Bn. The 1st Garrison Battalion served in India, and the 2nd (Home Service) Garrison Bn at home. In addition, three training battalions were organised in 1917 for progressive training of recruits: 51st (Graduated), 52nd (Graduated) and 53rd (Young Soldier) Bns.[4][26][23] One of the last surviving First World War veterans, Netherwood Hughes, served in the 51st Battalion.[67] Ned Hughes died 4 April 2009 aged 108.[68]
Interwar years
In 1919, during the interwar period, the 1st Manchesters returned to Britain for a year, later reinforcing the garrison in Ireland. In 1922, it garrisoned the Channel Islands before joining the British Army of the Rhine in Germany. It returned to Britain in 1927 and, in 1933, departed for the West Indies. After being posted to Egypt in 1936, the 1st Manchesters was converted into a Vickers machine-gun battalion.[69] The battalion had to be rushed to the Mandate of Palestine when the Arab populace erupted in revolt. In difficult conditions, the battalion suffered four killed and contributed a number of men to the counter-insurgency Special Night Squads.[69] In 1937, a company on detachment in Cyprus provided a special guard for the Coronation parade. In 1938, the battalion moved to Singapore.[70]
Meanwhile, in 1920, the 2nd Manchesters became part of the garrison in Mesopotamia,
The Territorial Force had been demobilised in 1919. It was reformed on 7 February 1920 and reorganised and renamed as the Territorial Army the following year. The battalions of the Manchester Regiment were reformed, the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th continuing to serve in the 127th (Manchester) Infantry Brigade, and the 9th and 10th with 126th (East Lancashire) Infantry Brigade (alongside the 4th and 5th East Lancashire Regiment), both brigades still being part of 42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division. However, in 1921, the 6th and 7th battalions were amalgamated as the 6th/7th Battalion and later converted to become the 65th (The Manchester Regiment) Anti-Aircraft Brigade, Royal Artillery.[74]
On 31 October 1938, during the period of rearmament preceding the Second World War, the 10th (Territorial Army) Battalion was converted to armour, becoming the 41st Battalion, Royal Tank Corps, later 41st (Oldham) Royal Tank Regiment. A 'second line' battalion, which was formed at Oldham in 1939, became the 47th (Oldham) Royal Tank Regiment.[75][76]
Second World War
North West Europe and Italy
When the
In November 1941, the 5th Manchesters, along with the rest of the division (which became
In November 1941, the 2/9th Manchesters, a 2nd Line Territorial Army duplicate of the 1/9th and a Machine Gun Battalion, was transferred to the Royal Artillery and converted into the 88th Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery. (Sometime after this, the 1/9th Battalion was redesignated as the 9th Battalion.) The 88th Anti-Tank Regiment was part of the 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division until July 1943 when it transferred elsewhere and, in January 1944, the regiment was transferred to 45th (Holding) Division where it converted to the 88th Training Regiment, Royal Artillery.[84]
The 6th Battalion, created on 31 July 1939 as a duplicate of the 5th Battalion, was serving as part of the
The 8th (Ardwick) Battalion had been serving alongside the 5th Manchesters in the 127th Brigade of the 42nd Division until 5 May 1940, when the battalion was transferred to
Far East
Stationed in
In 1942, the 2nd Manchesters was sent to the
Postwar
The 1st Manchesters remained in Germany as part of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) until it returned to Britain in 1947, where it was joined by the 2nd Battalion. On 1 June 1948, the two battalions amalgamated in the presence of the regiment's colonel-in-chief, Queen Elizabeth.[90] Soon afterwards, the 1st Battalion was posted to Germany, being first based at Wuppertal. On the regiment joining the West Berlin garrison in 1950, detachments performed guard duty at Spandau Prison.[90] The battalion proceeded, in 1951, to Malaya aboard the troopship Empire Hallande. In three years of service during the Malayan Emergency, the Manchesters had 15 men killed in action.[91]
With the exception of a brief return to Britain, the 1st Battalion, Manchesters remained part of BAOR until 1958. In the same year, the regiment was amalgamated with the King's Regiment (Liverpool) to create the King's Regiment.[92]
Heritage & ceremonial
Regimental museum
The Museum of the Manchester Regiment, which had previously been based at Ladysmith Barracks, moved to Ashton Town Hall in 1987.[93] The museum remains closed while the town hall is being redeveloped.[94]
Regimental collect
The regimental collect was:[95]
O Lord our God whose name only is excellent and thy praise above heaven and earth we thank thee for the men of the Manchester Regiment who counted not their lives dear unto themselves but laid them down for their friends, beseeching thee to give them a part in those good things which thou has prepared for all whose names are written in the Book of Life. And grant to us that having them always in remembrance we may imitate their faithfulness and with them inherit, the new name which thou has promised to them that overcome; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
Battle honours
The battle honours of the regiment were as follows:[85]
- From the 63rd Regiment of Foot:
- From the 96th Regiment of Foot: Egypt, Peninsula, New Zealand
- Egypt 1882, Defence of Ladysmith, South Africa 1899–1902
- The Great War:
- Western Front:, Hindenburg Line, Épéhy, Canal du Nord, St. Quentin Canal, Beaurevoir, Cambrai 1918, Courtrai, Selle, Sambre, France and Flanders 1914–18
- Italy: Piave, Vittorio Veneto, Italy 1917–18
- Macedonia: Doiran 1917, Macedonia 1915–18
- Gallipoli: Helles, Krithia, Suvla, Landing at Suvla, Scimitar Hill, Gallipoli 1915
- Egypt and Palestine: Rumani, Egypt 1915–17, Megiddo, Sharon, Palestine 1918
- Mesopotamia: Tigris 1916, Kut al Amara 1917, Baghdad, Mesopotamia 1916–18
- The Second World War:
- North-west Europe: Dyle, Withdrawal to Escaut, Defence of Escaut, Defence of Arras, Falaise, Nederrijn, Scheldt, Walcheren Causeway, Flushing, Lower Maas, Venlo Pocket, Roer, Ourthe, Rhineland, Reichswald, Goch, Weeze, Rhine, Ibbenburen, Dreirwalde, Aller, Bremen, North-West Europe 1940 '44–45
- Italy: Gothic Line, Monte Gridolfo, Coriano, San Clemente, Gemmano Ridge, Montilgallo, Capture of Forli, Lamone Crossing, Defence of Lamone Bridgehead, Rimini Line, Montescudo, Cesena, Italy 1944
- Mediterranean: Malta 1940
- Far East: Singapore Island, Malaya 1941–42, North Arakan, Kohima, Pinwe, Shwebo, Myinmu Bridgehead, Irrawaddy, Burma 1944–45
- North-west Europe: Dyle, Withdrawal to Escaut, Defence of Escaut, Defence of Arras,
Colonels-in-Chief
Colonels-in-Chief were:[25]
- 1930–1936: F.M. HM King George V
- 1947–2002: HM Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
Regimental Colonels
Colonels of the regiment were:[25]
- 1877–1881 (1st Battalion): Gen. Sir Richard Waddy (ex 63rd Foot)
- 1877–1881 (2nd Battalion): Gen. Thomas Maitland Wilson (ex 96th Foot)
- 1881–1889: Gen. Edmund Richard Jeffreys, CB
- 1889–1895: Gen. John McNeill Walter, CB
- 1895–1899: Lt-Gen. Sir Henry Radford Norman, KCB
- 1899–1904: Lt-Gen. Vere Hunt Bowles
- 1904–1920: Maj-Gen. William Osborne Barnard
- 1920–1924: Maj-Gen. Sir Vere Bonamy Fane, KCB, KCIE
- 1924–1925: Maj-Gen. Sir Willoughby Garnons Gwatkin, KCMG, CB
- 1925–1932: Gen. Hon. Sir Herbert Alexander Lawrence, GCB
- 1932–1935: Brig-Gen. Wilfrid Keith Evans, CMG, DSO
- 1934–1947: Col. Francis Holland Dorling, DSO
- 1947–1948: Maj-Gen. Charles Dawson Moorhead, CB, DSO, MC
- 1948–1954: Maj-Gen. Eric Boyd Costin, DSO
- 1954–1958: Maj-Gen. Thomas Bell Lindsay Churchill, CB, CBE, MC (to King's Regiment)
- 1958: Regiment merged with the The King's Regiment (Manchester and Liverpool)
Manchester Regiment Victoria Cross recipients
Second Boer War
- Private James Pitts VC MSM - (1st Battalion) in Natal on 6th January 1900.[96]
- Private Robert Scott VC - (1st Battalion) in Natal on 6th January 1900.[97]
First World War
- Sergeant John Hogan VC - (2nd Battalion) at Festubert, France, on 29 October 1914.[98]
- Second lieutenant James Leach VC - (2nd Battalion) at Festubert France in the First World War on 29 October 1914.[99]
- Corporal Issy Smith VC - (1st Battalion) at the Second Battle of Ypres on 26 April 1915.[100]
- Lieutenant William Forshaw VC - (1/9th Battalion Territorial Force) at the Battle of Krithia Vineyard in Gallipoli between 7 and 9 August 1915.[101][102][103]
- Private George Stringer VC at the Battle of Es Sinn in Mesopotamia on 8 March 1916.[104]
- CSM George Evans VC - (18th Battalion 3rd Manchester Pals) during the Battle of the Somme at Guillemont France on 30 July 1916.[105][106][107]
- Sergeant Charles Harry Coverdale VC MM - (11th Battalion) at Poelcapelle Belgium on 4 October 1917.[108]
- Private Walter Mills VC - (C Company 1/10th Battalion) at Red Dragon Crater near Givenchy France on 11 December 1917.[109]
- Lieutenant Colonel Wilfrith Elstob VC DSO MC - (16th Battalion) at the Manchester Redoubt, near St. Quentin France on 21 March 1918.[110][111]
- Private Alfred Robert Wilkinson VC - (1/5th Battalion Territorial Force) at the Battle of the Selle, near the Selle River France on 20 October 1918.[112][113][114]
- Private James Kirk VC - (10th Battalion) at the Battle of the Sambre at the River Sambre France on 4 November 1918.[115][116][117][118][119]
1920 Iraqi Revolt
Footnotes
- ^ Another account attributes the raid to Zeppelin LZ 64 and gives the casualties of the 3rd Manchesters as 29 killed and 53 wounded.[64]
Notes
- ^ Mileham (2000), p. 58.
- ^ "No. 24992". The London Gazette. 1 July 1881. pp. 3300–3301.
- ^ a b Frederick, John Bassett Moore (1969), Lineage book of the British Army; Mounted Corps and Infantry, 1660–1968, pp. 112–3.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Frederick, pp. 130–3.
- ^ "The Manchester Regiment [UK]". 28 October 2007. Archived from the original on 28 October 2007. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
- ^ a b c d "Manchester Regiment". National Army Museum. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
- ^ a b Mileham (2000), pp. 65–7.
- ^ Fremont-Barnes (2003), The Boer War 1899–1902, p. 11.
- ISBN 978-0-86977-074-0.
- ^ Raugh, Harold E. (2004), The Victorians at War, 1815–1914: An Encyclopedia of British Military History, p. 205.
- ^ Holmes, p. 97.
- ^ "The War - Embarcation of Troops". The Times. No. 36092. London. 17 March 1900. p. 9.
- ^ Mileham (2000), p. 73.
- ^ Mileham (2000), p. 75.
- ^ Cavendish, Richard (5 May 2002). "The Peace of Vereeniging". History Today. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
- ^ "The Army in South Africa - Troops returning Home". The Times. No. 36888. London. 2 October 1902. p. 4.
- ^ "The War - Infantry and Militia battalions". The Times. No. 36069. London. 19 February 1900. p. 12.
- ^ "The Army in South Africa". The Times. No. 36832. London. 29 July 1902. p. 7.
- ^ Hart's Army list, 1903.
- ^ "The Army in South Africa - Troops returning home". The Times. No. 36821. London. 16 July 1902. p. 11.
- ^ "The Army in South Africa - Troops returning home". The Times. No. 36871. London. 12 September 1902. p. 5.
- ^ "The Manchester Regiment 1899–1958: Medal Rolls". The Manchesters. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Manchester Regiment at Long, Long Trail.
- ^ "Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 31 March 1908. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
- ^ a b c "Manchester Regiment". regiments.org. Archived from the original on 16 December 2007. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l James, pp. 96–7.
- ^ Gibbon, pp. 1–18.
- ^ Becke, Pt 2a, pp. 35–41.
- ^ Becke, Pt 2b, pp. 67–74.
- ^ 42nd (EL) Division at Long, Long Trail.
- ^ 66th (2nd EL) Division at Long, Long Trail.
- ^ War Office Instructions No 32 (6 August) and No 37 (7 August).
- ^ Becke, Pt 3a, pp. 2 & 8; Appendix I.
- ^ Wylly, H. C. (1923), History of the Manchester Regiment (Late the 63rd and 96th Foot), p. 108.
- ^ Mileham (2000), p. 86.
- ^ "No. 29015". The London Gazette. 22 December 1914. p. 10920.
- ^ "The Manchester Regiment 1899–1958: The First Battalion". The Manchesters. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ Mileham (2000), pp. 83–4.
- ^ "The Manchester Regiment 1899–1958: The Second Battalion". The Manchesters. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ "The Battle of the Somme". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ "No. 31759". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 January 1920. p. 1217.
- ^ "Richard Caton Woodville". Direct Art. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ "Remembering the Battle of Arras: First Battle of the Scarpe 9-14 April 1917". Jeremy Banning. 8 April 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ Mileham (2000), p. 125.
- ^ Morrow (2005), The Great War: An Imperial History, p. 192.
- ^ "No. 30433". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 December 1917. p. 13222.
- ^ Becke, Pt 3a, pp. 71–7.
- ^ Frederick, p. 38.
- ^ James, p. 22.
- ^ DLOY at Long, Long Trail.
- ^ 17th (N) Division at Long, Long Trail.
- ^ Robbins, Keith (2002), The First World War, p. 73.
- ^ "No. 31395". The London Gazette. 6 June 1919. p. 7419.
- ^ "No. 31183". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 February 1919. p. 2378.
- ISBN 0-571-20725-1.
- ^ Mileham (2000), p. 109.
- ^ Westlake, Ray & Chappell, Mike (1991), British Territorial Units 1914–18, p. 20.
- ^ a b Mileham (2000), p. 111.
- ^ Keegan, p. 265.
- ^ Green, p. 106.
- ^ "Helles Memorial". Battlefields. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ "Charles Hampson, Photograph of three graves". Europeana. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ Cook, Vernon (1999). "Zeppelin Disaster Casualty List - Cleethorpes Lincs 1916". WEST-RIDING-L Archives. Ancestry.com.
- ^ Morris, pp. 71, 179.
- ^ Army Council Instructions, January 1916, Appendix 18.
- ^ Becke, Pt 2b, pp. 111–6.
- ^ Bingham, John (20 November 2008). "'New' First World War veteran comes to light through internet". Telegraph Online. Retrieved 25 November 2008.
- ^ Report on Ned Hughes' death Archived 15 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Mileham (2000), pp. 136–7.
- ^ "Abie's War: 1st Battalion Manchester Regiment". BBC. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ Mileham (2000), p. 132.
- ^ Arthur, Max (2005), Symbol of Courage: The Men Behind the Medal, pp. 376–7.
- ^ "No. 32106". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 October 1920. p. 10579.
- ^ "2 AA Division 1936" (PDF). British Military History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ "Museum of the Manchester Regiment". Tameside Borough Council. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
- ^ "The Royal Tank Regiment [UK]". Archived from the original on 3 January 2006. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
- ^ Mileham (2000), pp. 141–2.
- ^ Mileham (2000), p. 145.
- ^ Hay, Mark (20 May 2014). "The British Soldier Who Killed Nazis with a Sword and a Longbow". Vice. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ George Forty (1998), British Army Handbook 1939–1945, Stroud: Sutton Publishing, p. 50.
- ^ "Royal Armoured Corps [UK]". Archived from the original on 3 January 2006. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
- ^ Manchester Territorials
- ^ Joslen, p. 90.
- ^ "The Royal Artillery 1939–45". p. 88 Anti-Tank Regiment RA(TA).
- ^ a b c "1st Bn, The Manchester Regiment: Service". Archived from the original on 7 January 2006. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
- ^ a b "Manchester Regiment". Vickers Machine Gun. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ "42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division" (PDF). British Military History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
- ^ "Leslie James Nicholson". The men behind the medals. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ "The Battle for Kohima, 1944 the narrative of the 2nd Battalion the Manchester Regiment the Machine Gun Battalion of the British 2nd Division". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ a b Mileham (2000), pp. 183–4.
- ^ "The Manchester Regiment 1899–1958: Germany and Malaya". The Manchesters. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ Mileham (2000), p.193.
- ^ "Museum of the Manchester Regiment". The Men Behind the Medals. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "Museum of the Manchester Regiment". Tameside Council. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
- ^ "The Regimental Handbook of the Duke of Lancaster's Regiment". The Regimental Charity of The Duke of Lancaster’s Regiment. 2007. p. 8. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
- ^ "No. 27338". The London Gazette. 26 July 1901. p. 4949.
- ^ "No. 27338". The London Gazette. 26 July 1901. p. 4949.
- ^ "No. 29015". The London Gazette. 22 December 1914. p. 10920.
- ^ "No. 29015". The London Gazette. 22 December 1914. p. 10920.
- ^ "No. 29272". The London Gazette (Supplement). 20 August 1915. p. 8374.
- ^ "No. 29289". The London Gazette (Supplement). 7 September 1915. p. 8971.
- ^ "William Thomas Forshaw". The Museum of the Manchester Regiment. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
- ^ "William Thomas Forshaw". Victoria Cross Online. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
- ^ "No. 29695". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 August 1916. p. 7744.
- ^ "No. 31759". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 January 1920. p. 1217.
- ^ "Sergeant Major George Evans VC". London Remembers. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ^ "William John George Evans". Victoria Cross Online. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ^ "No. 30433". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 December 1917. p. 13222.
- ^ "No. 30523". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 February 1918. p. 2005.
- ^ "No. 31395". The London Gazette. 6 June 1919. p. 7419.
- ^ "Wilfrith Elstob". The Museum of the Manchester Regiment. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ^ "No. 31108". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 January 1919. p. 309.
- ^ "Alfred Wilkinson VC". Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ^ "Alfred Robert Wilkinson". Victoria Cross Online. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ^ "No. 31108". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 January 1919. p. 307.
- ^ "James Kirk VC". Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ^ "James Kirk". Victoria Cross Online. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ^ "James Kirk VC Blue Plaque". Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ^ "James Kirk VC Biography". The Victoria Cross and George Cross Association. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ^ "No. 32106". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 October 1920. p. 10579.
- ^ "George Stuart Henderson". Victoria Cross Online. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ^ "George Stuart Henderson". The Museum of the Manchester Regiment. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
References
- A. F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2a: The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56), London: HM Stationery Office, 1935/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, ISBN 1-847347-39-8.
- A. F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2b: The 2nd-Line Territorial Force Divisions (57th–69th), with the Home-Service Divisions (71st–73rd) and 74th and 75th Divisions, London: HM Stationery Office, 1937/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, ISBN 1-847347-39-8.
- A. F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 3a: New Army Divisions (9–26), London: HM Stationery Office, 1938/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, ISBN 1-847347-41-X.
- Frederick, J. B. M. (1984). Lineage of British Land Forces 1668 - 1978, Volume I. ISBN 1-85117-007-3.
- Forty, George (1998). British Army Handbook 1939–1945. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-1403-3.
- Frederick E. Gibbon, The 42nd East Lancashire Division 1914–1918, London: Country Life, 1920/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2003, ISBN 1-84342-642-0.
- Green, Andrew (2003). Writing the Great War: Sir James Edmonds and the Official Histories, 1915–1948. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-5495-9.
- Holmes, Richard (2004). The Little Field Marshal: A Life of Sir John French. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-84614-0.
- E. A. James, British Regiments 1914–18, London: Samson Books, 1978/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2001, ISBN 978-1-84342-197-9.
- Joslen, H. F. (2003) [1960]. Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval and Military Press. ISBN 978-1-84342-474-1.
- Keegan, John (1999). The First World War. Vintage Books USA.
- Mileham, Patrick (2000). Difficulties Be Damned: The King's Regiment—A History of the City Regiment of Manchester and Liverpool. Fleur de Lys. ISBN 1-873907-10-9.
- Joseph Morris, The German Air Raids on Great Britain 1914–1918, first published 1925/Stroud: Nonsuch, 2007, ISBN 978-1-84588-379-9.
- Instructions Issued by The War Office During August, 1914, London: HM Stationery Office, 1916.
- Army Council Instructions Issued During August 1916, London: HM Stationery Office.
External links
- Chris Baker, The Long, Long Trail
- The Manchester Regiment Group 1899–1958
- The Ashton Territorials, 9th Battalion of the Manchester Regiment
- Museum of the Manchester Regiment
- "IN FROM THE COLD" A Manchester at Gallipoli. Sgt. Thomas Worthington, 1/6th Battalion, Manchester Regiment, by John Hartley
- The Manchester Regiment at regiments.org by T.F.Mills at the Wayback Machine (archived 9 June 2007)
Further reading
- Triplet, William S. (2000). "Chapter 4: The Seventieth Manchester Rifles". In OCLC 43707198.