Italian occupation of Adalia
The Italian occupation of Adalia, city of Turkey, occurred in the turbulent times after the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire that led to the Treaty of Sèvres (from 1919 to 1922).
History
Background
In 1915, the Treaty of London was signed, in which Italy agreed to intervene on the side of the Allied powers of France, Britain and Russia, in exchange for Italy acquirring, in the case of a dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire, among other lands, the port of Antalya in Turkey and the contiguous territory, where a carboniferous basin was reported.
With the Mudros Armistice (the 30th of October, 1918), the Ottoman Empire accepted the conditions unilaterally dictated by the winning powers; while in Italy, where the idea of a
Italian disembarkation in Anatolia
In these circumstances, the 9th of March 1919, the Italian government made an Italian expeditionary force in Anatolia disembark in Antalya, and in a brief time nearby localities were also occupied: Makri Budrun, Kuch-Adassi, Alanya, Konya, Ismidt and Eskişehir.
This show of force was met by a harsh opposition from the Greek government – not part of the Pact of London – who also aspired to occupy a large territory of Anatolia. In the absence of the Italian delegation headed by the prime minister
A bitter dispute arose between the Italian and Greek governments, which was later resolved with a secret agreement signed on 29 July 1919 by Tittoni and Venizelos in which Italy renounced Adalia and the islands of Dodecanese except for Rhodes, in exchange for Greek support for an Italian “mandate” over Albania. This agreement, however, was denounced by the subsequent Italian foreign minister Carlo Sforza (June 1920).
The
As the Greco-Turkish War spread, the Turkish revolutionaries obtained significant military assistance from Italy, which used the Antalya base to arm and train the troops of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk against the Greeks.[1]
Withdrawal
Italy began the withdrawal of its expeditionary force in the autumn of 1922.[2]
After the victorious war against the Greeks and the establishment of Mustafa Kemal's
Commanders of the Italian troops in Adalia
- Giuseppe Battistoni from 29 April 1919 to 24 July 1919.
- Luigi Bongiovanni from 24 July 1919 to 17 August 1919.
- Vittorio Elia from 17 August 1919 to 18 December 1919.
- Achille Porta from 18 December 1919 to 7 August 1920.
- Giorgio Fusoni from 7 August 1920 to 29 April 1922.
Notes
- ISBN 1-85065-368-2
- ISBN 978-88-96260-15-9.
- ^ "Il testo del Trattato di Losanna del 24 luglio 1923". Archived from the original on 29 June 2007.
Bibliography
- Giovanni Cecini (2010). Il Corpo di Spedizione italiano in Anatolia (1919–1922). Roma. ISBN 978-88-96260-15-9.)
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|agency=ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Giovanni Cecini (2014). Militari italiani in Turchia (1919–1923). Roma. ISBN 978-88-98185-01-6.)
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