Jaime del Burgo Torres
Jaime del Burgo Torres | |
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FET |
Jaime del Burgo Torres (1912 – 2005) was a Spanish official, writer and a
Family and youth
Del Burgo's presumed ancestors can be traced back to the mid-19th century. There is close to nothing known about his grandfather, Victoriano del Burgo Palomar (1861-1931); some authors claim that he contributed to the Carlist cause.[1] Victoriano lived in Pamplona and was married twice, first with Felipa Juanillo Pascual and then with Maria Magdalena Pascual Soria.[2] The first marriage was childess, while the second one produced two sons. The older one was the father of Jaime, Eusebio del Burgo Pascual (1888-1970). However, the official birth certificate of Jaime refers to his paternal grandparents as "abuelos incognitos".[3] Some sources claim his father was named Eusebio del Burgo Pascual,[4] while an official document certifies he was born Eusebio Percal and it only changed to Eusebio del Burgo Pascual in 1926.[5] According to one author, he originated from the Navarrese town of Villava,[6] according to another he was born in Pamplona.[7] He was worker in the local paper-mill.[8] and married a pamplonesa, Paula Torres Jacoiste (1887-1973).[9] The couple settled in Pamplona. They had three sons and four daughters,[10] all brought up in Traditionalist ambience;[11] it is known that at the age of 45 Eusebio took part in street brawls, animated by the Carlists.[12] They were also raised in fervently Catholic atmosphere, which at times bordered exaltation; Catholic visionaries used to run mystical sessions in the del Burgo family house in Pamplona.[13]
Nothing is known about Jaime's early childhood; as a teenager he trained to become "
Rebel
Already as a youngster del Burgo engaged in the Carlist juvenile organization, Juventud Jaimista, in 1930 becoming secretary of the Navarrese branch of the organization;[27] a year later he set up a local Carlist weekly La Esperanza, trying his hand as an editor, manager and contributor.[28] In 1931 he was among those founding provincial branch[29] of the newly born national Carlist student association, Agrupación Escolar Tradicionalista.[30] Remaining at its helm until the outbreak of the Civil War,[31] del Burgo exercised enormous influence on the group and beyond, especially as in 1934 it launched its press tribune, the a.e.t. weekly.[32]
Initially Navarrese AET focused on juvenile activities like sport, leisure and outdoor, though they were increasingly flavored by cult of brotherhood, Carlist heroes, activism and virility,
The rupturista stance of the aetistas had nothing in common with social radicalism of the
Requeté
In 1931 del Burgo engaged in the Carlist militia
Early 1934 del Burgo led one of the two already formed Pamplona piquetes.
Shortly before and during the first day of the
Between falcondismo and carloctavismo
During the
Del Burgo's departure from the falcondista camp stemmed not from differences on policy towards
The unexpected 1953 death of Don Carlos Pio left the carloctavistas puzzled. While most of the group focused on Carlos VIII's older brother Don Antonio and minor factions backed either his sons or another brother Francisco Jose, del Burgo advocated allegiance to the oldest daughter of Carlos VIII, Alejandra. According to del Burgo, having been a minor she would appear as "abanderada provisional", until the claim is passed to her anticipated male descendant.[96] This option received scarce support and no faction was built around it.[97] Del Burgo was left without clear dynastical allegiances; over time he developed a critical view of Carlos VIII, considering him "sold out" to Falange.[98] He is not listed among the carloctavistas forming the camp of subsequent carloctavista claimants,[99] those reconciling with Don Javier,[100] or those joining Don Juan.[101] though in the 1960s it was noted that he "había mostrado inclinación hacia los javieristas"[102]
Between franquismo and carlismo
Del Burgo's access to the carloctavista camp made him reconsider his stand versus Francoism, as Don Carlos Pio pursued a decisively collaborationist strategy.[103] In 1942, during the proceeding fragmentation and bewilderment of Navarrese Carlism,[104] he stood on the carloctavista ticket in local elections to the Pamplona council and was successful, serving as teniende de alcalde until 1944.[105] By this token, in 1943 and 1944 he performed the prestigious sanfermines task of setting off el chupinazo.[106] The council role did necessarily imply collaboration, but promotion to colonel, 1943 appointment as a provincial Falangist delegate for communication and transport and vice secretary of FET Educación Popular section[107] clearly did, especially that in the mid-1940s he openly started to advocate a possibilist policy.[108] As in 1949 the Falangist zealot Luis Valero Bermejo was appointed a new provincial civil governor[109] del Burgo was his man of trust,[110] though when himself offered the jobs of civil governor of Lerida and Lugo he declined, claiming that he would never accept a post beyond Navarre.[111] In 1950 he assumed the role of a provincial ministerial delegate for tourism and information. When the carloctavista collaborationism crashed with the death of Don Carlos Pio,[112] del Burgo was left disoriented.
In the mid-1950s it was the mainstream Carlism which in turn commenced a possibilist strategy, with intransigence abandoned and Fal replaced by Valiente. None of the sources consulted offers any information on a would-be rapprochement (or hostility) between del Burgo and the Javieristas, though his Ideario still served as their doctrinal point of reference.[113] In 1958 he was appointed as representative of Navarre in the Falangist Consejo Nacional, a largely fictitious executive body which nevertheless automatically guaranteed membership in the Francoist quasi-parliament, Cortes Españolas;[114] it is not clear what if any background mechanism elevated him to the position. Del Burgo served in Comisión de Leyes Fundamentales,[115] though there is no information available on his stand versus the constitutional laws discussed. Though re-appointed in 1961,[116] he did not have his ticket prolonged in 1964; according to some sources, he resigned due to differences with Francoism.[117]
As a former radical aetista and an active collaborationist, he would have seemed a potential ally for the new generation of Carlist progressists, also revolutionary, socially-minded, AET members and apparently keen to exploit possibilist opportunities within Francoism. However, they preferred to jump on the older version of de Mella's sociedalismo and there is no trace of any link between del Burgo and the Huguistas.[118] One source suggests that as Delegate of the Ministry of Information and Tourism he sabotaged their plans, preventing the presence of Carlos Hugo at the annual Montejurra gathering in 1964.[119] Del Burgo is not mentioned as taking part in power struggle between Traditionalists and Progressists, which erupted within Carlism in the late 1960s,[120] though he maintained at least private contacts with Traditionalists like Manuel Fal Conde in 1969.[121]
Public servant
Already in May 1936 del Burgo won the contest for the job of an auxiliar at Archivo de la Diputación Foral de Navarra.[122] Following the Civil War pause, in 1939 he resumed the civil servant career; at that time the provincial Navarrese government decided to detach the existing Biblioteca de Navarra from Instituto de Segunda Enseñanza and establish it as a stand-alone Biblioteca General de Navarra; del Burgo became the first head and organizer of the new unit.[123] He remained at its helm for the next 43 years,[124] presiding over its opening in 1941, removal from Consejo Foral building to "La Agrícola" on Plaza de San Fernando in 1972[125] and re-formatting it from a scholarly institute to the Navarrese public library.[126] On top of this job, in 1941 del Burgo became head of Red de Bibliotecas de Navarra,[127] the provincial network of local libraries, in course of his service having opened 65 public libraries across the province.[128] Until the late 20th century he remained active in professional archivist and librarian organizations.[129]
In 1950 del Burgo became the provincial delegate of
Historian
As a historian del Burgo focused on – if not limited himself to – Carlism and Navarre, with a clear preference for the 19th and 20th centuries and for the history of foralism. His works range from syntheses to monographs, biographies and case studies. As an amateur with no systematic training, he did not adhere to any specific methodology,[142] though he remained chiefly within the limits of political history and based his studies on thorough research in primary sources, mostly the printed ones.
Del Burgo's key historical work is the monumental Bibliografía de las guerras carlistas (1953-1966), the opus which spanned across 5 volumes, cost 25 years of work[143] and indexed more than 10,000 works; until today it remains a point of reference for all students of the subject.[144] Second to be listed is Historia General de Navarra (1978), a massive synthesis of the region's past, heavily based on his earlier works and the result of 10-year-research.[145] Then come detailed studies related to the history of Carlism and Navarre, most prominent of them Carlos VII y su tiempo (1994) and La sucesión de Carlos II (1967). Del Burgo is also the author of Conspiración y guerra civil (1970), the work intended as a synthesis, though today it is – somewhat unintentionally – broadly used rather as a historical source.[146] Finally, he authored a number of minor publications ranging from petty contributions to popular booklets,[147] like Vida y hechos militares del mariscal de campo Don Juan Manuel Sarasa narrados por él mismo.[148] Many of his works form part of auxiliary sciences, bibliography or metabibliography, source criticism, or prosopography.[149]
As a historian del Burgo is praised for sound referential basis;[150] the critics usually point to his Carlist bias.[151] He is particularly criticized for an attempt to recalculate the number of victims of the Rightist terror in Navarre; other historians support 4 times higher figures.[152] This controversy coincides with the fact that del Burgo was personally accused of a war crime,[153] the charge that left him very embittered[154] and which he always denied;[155] it is also disqualified by some historians.[156] As an amateur he has never assumed academic duties,[157] though he became member-correspondent of Real Academia de la Historia;[158] for his bibliographical work del Burgo received the National Literary Prize in 1967.[159]
Writer
Del Burgo commenced his literary career in the early 1930s, publishing short dramas revolving around episodes from the Carlist history and sometimes played at the local party circulos: Lealtad (1932), Cruzados (1934) and Al borde de la traición (1936).[160] Calibrated as praises of old Carlist virtues and with clear moralizing objectives,[161] they are classified as costumbrismo nostalgico.[162] In 1937 he tried his hand as a poet with En Pos. Ensayo poético.[163] Following the Civil War break del Burgo switched to novels: El valle perdido (1942), Huracán (1943) and Lo que buscamos (1951).[164] Set in the history of the Civil War, the first two were designed to acclaim patriotic merits and presented a traditional narrative style, though with plots accommodating magical threads;[165] the third one assumed a different tone, infected with bitterness and naturalism.[166] After the break of the 1960s and 1970s, dedicated mostly to historical research, del Burgo returned to drama with Llamada sin respuesta (1978), to poetry with Soliloquios: en busca de un rayo de luz perdido (1998)[167] and to prose with La Cruz del fuego (2000), a well-documented adventurous intrigue from the times of Henry I of Navarre.[168]
Though heavily contributing to
Del Burgo's novelist work was acknowledged by Premio de Literatura y Periodismo de la Secretaria General de FET (1954).[175] Apart from the national prize of 1967, he was also rewarded by the Bayonne-Pamplona International Competition Award (1963),[176] Fundacion de Larramendi Award (1993)[177] and Badge of the Order of Alfonso X the Wise (1997), conceded by the Ministry of Education and received in Pamplona in May 1999 from the then Minister of Education and Culture, Mariano Rajoy.[178] Permanent Councilor of Institución Príncipe de Viana,[179] himself he has never received the Viana Cultural Prize, set up in 1990 and awarded by the Government of Navarre.[180]
See also
- Carlism
- Requeté
- Francoism
- Carloctavismo
- Carlo-francoism
Footnotes
- ^ Fallece a los 92 años Jaime del Burgo Torres, historiador, periodista y escritor, [in:] Diario de Navarra 25.10.05
- ^ Victoriano del Burgo Palomar entry, [in:] Geneaordonez service, available here, El Cruzado Espanol 13.11.31, available here
- ^ see here
- ^ see Eusebio del Burgo Pascual entry at Geni genealogical service available here
- ^ see Jaime del Burgo's certificate of birth, available here
- ISBN 9788496849655, p. 668, available here
- ^ see here) his father was born in Pamplona
- ^ La Accion 04.03.22, available here
- ^ Jaime del Burgo Torres entry at Geni service available here
- ^ Paula Torres Jacoisti entry at Geni service available here
- ^ Diario de Navarra 25.10.05, José Fermín Garralda Arizcun, Sin caer en el olvido. Jaime del Burgo Torres (1912-2005). Historiador polifacético en su tercer aniversario, [in:] Arbil 118 (2008), available here
- ^ Fernando Mikelarena, Cuando los carlistas cantaban en San Fermín "no estamos todos, faltan los presos", [in:] El blog de Fernando Mikelarena, available here
- ISBN 0520200403, 9780520200401, p. 191
- ^ Garralda Arizcun 2008; ABC 25.10.05 claims he was "profesor mercantil", see here
- ^ at that time the only local institution enabling this sort of career was Escuela de Peritos Agrícolas in Villava
- ^ see María de las Mercedes Tajadura Goñi at Geni service available here, also Diario de Navarra 25.10.05; Garralda Arizcun 2008
- ^ Diario Oficial del Ministerio de la Guerra, 30.06.19, available here, also BOE 24.10.53, abailable here
- ^ Diario de Navarra 25.10.05
- ^ Garralda Arizcun 2008
- ^ Diario de Navarra 25.10.05
- ^ Burgo Tajadura, Jaime Ignacio, [in:] Diccionario Biografíco Español, pp. 668-669
- ISBN 8431319445, p. 935, see Ignacio del Burgo Azpiroz entry at Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia, available here
- ^ see his own site available here
- ^ M. Romero, Jaime del Burgo el conquistador, [in:] La Razón 03.05.12, available here Archived 2015-01-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ (in Spanish) Crónica Rosa: Telma Ortiz y Jaime del Burgo, juntos de nuevo - 21/05/14
- ^ "Queen Letizia of Spain's ex brother-in-law doubles down on his explosive claims they had an 'affair' as he reposts selfie where she 'confesses her love'". Daily Mail. 28 December 2023.
- ^ Diario de Navarra 25.10.05
- ^ Garralda Arizcun 2008
- ^ Manuel Ferrer Muñoz, Carlismo y violencia en la II República 1931-36: la organización del Requeté vasco-navarro, [in:] Sociedad Benéfica de Historiadores Aficionados y Creadores website available here
- ^ founded in 1930 as a belligerent competitor to Confederación de Estudiantes Católicos Españoles, Eduardo González Calleja, Rebelión en las aulas: un siglo de movilizaciones estudiantiles en España (1865-1968), [in:] Ayer 59 (2005), p. 37
- ^ Garralda Arizcun 2008
- ISBN 9780521207294, p. 134
- ISBN 847030531X, 9788470305313, pp. 280-281
- ^ Ugarte Tellería 1998, pp. 276-290
- ^ Ugarte Tellería 1998, pp. 280-1
- ^ Ugarte Tellería 1998, p. 289
- ^ Eduardo González Calleja, La violencia y sus discursos. Los límites de la "fascistización" de la derecha española durante el régimen de la II República, [in:] Ayer 71 (2008), pp. 85-116, esp sub-chapter "Cruzados de la causa": la reactualización de la cultura insurreccional carlista, pp. 94-102
- ^ Blinkhorn 1975, p. 172
- ISBN 9788420664552, p. 190
- ^ Ugarte Tellería 1998, p. 287
- ^ Blinkhorn 1975, p. 174; a somewhat opposite view in Steven Henry Martin, The Commonality of Enemies: Carlism and anarchism in modern Spain, 1868-1937 [MA thesis], Peterborough 2014, p. 120: "young Carlists in the age of mass politics of the early 20th century, like those in the Agrupación de Estudiantes Tradicionalistas (AET), were incorporating ideas about egalitarianism, autonomy and wealth redistribution that linked the old values of Carlism to the new ones of anarchism"
- ^ "seamos hombres y sepamos vengar al caído; aunque sea haciendo poner para todo el año a los socialistas crespones de luto en sus centros: Porque contra esos cualquier procedimiento que se utilice es bueno: la bomba, el puñal y el incendio", quoted after José María Esparza Zabalegi, Agur, Del Burgo, [in:] Diario de Noticias de Navarra, see noticias de navarra forum Archived 2014-01-01 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Ugarte Tellería 1998, pp. 284-287
- ^ Ugarte Tellería 1998, p. 281
- ^ Blinkhorn 1975, p. 135
- ^ Blinkhorn 1975, pp. 134-5; Ugarte Tellería 1998, p. 279 claims that Joaquín Baleztena consented to the a.e.t. tone
- ^ Blinkhorn 1975, p. 140
- ^ Aróstegui, Calleja 1994, p. 36
- ^ Ugarte Tellería 1998, p. 269
- ^ Huarte was conservative and somaten-style, while Burgo was radical and callejero-style, Ugarte Tellería 1998, pp. 267, 277
- ^ Blinkhorn 1975, p. 63
- ^ José María Esparza Zabalegi, Agur, Del Burgo, [in:] Diario de Noticias de Navarra, quoted after noticias de navarra forum Archived 2015-01-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 8481365599, 9788481365597, pp. 23-24
- ^ Diario de Navarra 25.10.05, Blinkhorn 1975, p. 78
- ^ Ugarte Tellería 1998, p. 145
- ^ Manuel Ferrer Muñoz, Carlismo y violencia en la II República 1931-36: la organización del Requeté vasco-navarro, [in:] Sociedad Benéfica de Historiadores Aficionados y Creadores website
- ISBN 8493508187, p. 41
- ^ Gonzales Calleja 2011, p. 198
- ^ Gonzales Calleja 2011, p. 199
- ^ 3 times a week each session 8-10 hrs, Ugarte Tellería 1998, p. 270, Gonzales Calleja 2011, p. 263, Aróstegui, Calleja 1994, p. 46
- ^ dubbed "batallón sagrado" for its symbolical and prestigious standing, Ugarte Tellería 1998, pp. 262-3
- ^ Ugarte Tellería 1998, p. 263, Peñas Bernaldo 1996, p. 174, Gonzales Calleja 2011, p. 386
- ISBN 9788499709758, p. 351-2
- ^ Aróstegui 2013, pp. 354-359; after the war the unit was referred to as Tercio del Rey, Aróstegui 2013, p. 352, Lizarza 2006, pp. 70-71
- ISBN 9788499700465, p. 829
- ^ the Requeté.es site available here claims the tercio was not Alavese but Biscay
- ^ Diario de Navarra 25.10.05, Requeté site available here
- ISBN 9788476006931, p. 147
- ^ Iñaki Anasagasti, Cuando del Burgo defendía Guernica, [in:] ianasagasti blog available here, Gonzales Calleja 2011, p. 863
- ISBN 0520028309, 9780520028302, pp. 282-283, 299, 319, 322, 364, 379, 388, 463, 478, 482, Manuel Martorell Pérez, La continuidad ideológica del carlismo tras la Guerra Civil [PhD thesis in Historia Contemporanea, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia], Valencia 2009, pp. 127-8
- ^ his own account available here
- ^ Garralda Arizcun 2008
- ^ paradoxically, del Burgo unintentionally contributed to Fal’s exile. In August 1936, he suggested to Zamanillo that a Real Academia de Estudios Militares de la Comunión Tradicionalista is created, Jaime del Burgo Torres, Un episodio poco conocido de la guerra civil española. La Real Academia Militar de Requetés y el destierro de Fal Conde, [in:] Principe de Viana 196 (1992), pp. 485-487, also Peñas Bernaldo 1996, p. 232
- ^ Peñas Bernaldo 1996, p. 276. Sending del Burgo to the front deprved Fal of an ally and facilitated Navarre falling to the rodeznistas, Peñas Bernaldo 1996, p. 218, Ugarte Tellería 1998, p. 293 pursues a somewhat competitive interpretation, namely that del Burgo’s departure to the front was intended as disposing of a dangerous radical, comparable to marginalization of the Rohm SA faction within Nazism
- ^ Blinkhorn 1975, p. 290; Martorell Pérez 2009, p. 59
- ^ commissioned by Junta Carlista de Guerra de Vizcaya according to Garralda Arizcun 2008; the actual text available here Archived 2014-01-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ in April of 1937 del Burgo engaged in AET congress, Martorell Pérez 2009, p. 32
- ISSN 1131-5350, p. 167
- ^ Aurora Villanueva Martínez, Organizacion, actividad y bases del carlismo navarro durante el primer franquismo [in:] Geronimo de Uztariz 19 (2003), pp. 103, 115
- ^ Martorell Pérez 2009, p. 152
- ^ Martorell Pérez 2009, pp. 190-1
- ^ which has never materialised; Arrúe was supposed to be representative of Guipúzcoa, Gaviria of Vizcaya, Lascuráin of Alava and del Burgo of Navarra, Martorell Pérez 2009, p. 194
- ^ Martorell Pérez 2009, pp. 167-8
- ^ Gonzales Calleja 2011, p. 191
- ^ according to del Burgo, "la Regencia es la muerte de cualquier monarquía", César Alcalá, Valoración historica del carlismo: pasado y futuro, [in:] Arbil 79, available here
- ISBN 8497725565, p. 52
- ISBN 9780874173444, p. 290
- Nazis for falangisation of Spain. His stance was also due to friendship with Jaime Lasuén, a French citizen and ex-combatant of Tercio de Begoña, who engaged in anti-Nazi French resistance. He sought refuge in Spain and was helped by del Burgo when on transit in Pamplona. He was later captured by the Francoist security in Madrid and given over to Gestapo; he died due to the tortures suffered. He handed del Burgo an envelope, to be collected by someone later on. Since no-one came to pick it up, del Burgo opened it years later and found that it contained an organigram of Nazi espionage network in the North of Spain; Martorell Pérez 2009, pp. 273-4; see also here, and for an alternative view, see here
- ^ the provinvial carloctavista jefe in Navarra was initially Emilio Dean Berro, see Alcalá 2012, pp. 249-50, to be later replaced by Antonio Lizarza, Alcalá 2012, pp. 273-4, 311
- ^ theoretically supporting prospective Carlist candidates did not breach the loyalty to Don Javier as a regent; according to some scholars del Burgo was clearly disloyal, see Mercedes Vázquez de Prada Tiffe, La reorganización del carlismo vasco en los sesenta: entre la pasividad y el "separatismo", [in:] Vasconia. Cuadernos de Historia-Geografía, 38 (2012), p. 107
- ^ Real Consejo del Reino de Navarra was presided by Emilio Dean Barro, Alcalá 2012, p. 276
- ^ from 1944 to 1953, see here Archived 2015-01-12 at the Wayback Machine, samples re-printed in Heras y Borrero 2004, pp. 209-225
- ^ like Antonio Lizarza, Antonio Pagoaga, Antonio Cabañas, Francisco Ciganda, Alcalá 2012, pp. 298-304; in 1946 he was in daily touch with Cora y Lira, Alcalá 2012, p. 303, see also Heras y Borrero 2004, p. 72
- ^ Alcalá 2012, p. 319
- ^ Alcalá 2012, p. 306
- ^ Heras y Borrero 2004, pp. 143-144
- ^ Heras y Borrero 2004, pp. 140-166. Alejandra married in 1960, graduated in 1980 with work on Barcelona urban issues, see here and worked in the Barcelona city council. She became a socialist and lost any interest in the Carlist cause, ignored also by her two sons and a daughter, Heras y Borrero 2004, p. 152
- ISBN 842450707X, 978842450707, p. 117
- ^ Alcalá 2012, pp. 354-363
- ^ Alcalá 2012, p. 370
- ^ Alcalá 2012, p. 386
- ISBN 9788416558407, p. 135
- ^ by some scholars Carlos VIII is indeed considered an invention of Franco, see Clemente 1995, pp. 115-118
- ^ Aurora Villanueva Martínez, Organizacion, actividad y bases del carlismo navarro durante el primer franquismo [in:] Geronimo de Uztariz 19 (2003), pp. 108-109
- ^ Garralda Arizcun 2008; at that time the alcalde was a Carlist, Antonio Archanco Zubiri, "comerciante local con la tendencia colaboracionista", María del Mar Larraza-Micheltorena, Alcaldes de Pamplona durante el franquismo: Un retrato de conjunto, [in:] Memoria y Civilización 15 (2012), pp. 232, 235
- ^ see sanfermin.com site available here
- ISBN 9788487863714, p. 548
- ^ Recommending "beneficio de la impresa comun de salvar a España a las órdenes del Generalísmo Franco", see his letter of 1945 quoted by Alcalá 2012, p. 287
- ^ Maria del Mar Larazza Micheltorena, Alvaro Baraibar Etxeberria, La Navarra sotto il Franchismo: la lotta per il controllo provinciale tra i governatori civili e la Diputacion Foral (1945-1955), [in:] Nazioni e Regioni, Bari 2013, pp. 101-120
- ^ Alvaro Baraibar Etxeberria, Una visión falangista de la foralidad navarra, [in:] Gerónimo de Uztariz 2006, p. 11
- ^ Diario de Navarra 25.10.05, Garralda Arizcun 2009
- ^ some scholars claim that carloctavismo was fractured even earlier, with the 1950 appearance of Juntas Ofensivas de Agitación Carloctavista by Cora y Lira, the carloctavistas which opposed collaboration with Franco, Alcalá 2012, p. 330
- ISBN 8431315644, 9788431315641, p. 45
- ^ see Indice Historice de Diputados service, available here. For his appointment to Consejo Nacional see ABC 14.05.58, available here
- ^ ABC 03.06.58, available here
- ^ see Indice Historice de Diputados service, available here.
- ^ Diario de Navarra 25.10.05, Garralda Arizcun 2008
- ^ compare Martorell Pérez 2009
- ^ Caspistegui Gorasurreta 1997, p. 306; this version is not confirmed in Javier Lavardín [José Antonio Parilla], Historia del ultimo pretendiente a la corona de España, Paris 1976, pp. 231-234
- ^ the most competent study on the issue, Caspistegui Gorasurreta 1997, barely mentions del Burgo; another detailed study on Carlist ideological identity of the 1960s, Martorell Pérez 2009, refers to del Burgo only as a source
- ^ "Lo único que he hecho en mi vida -y voy en los 56- ha sido trabajar para crear una familia a imagen y semejanza de la de mis mayores, y perpetuar en mis hijos -con éxito- las ideas y actitudes que en nosotros son ya tradicionales", a letter from del Burgo to Fal, quoted after Gemma Pierola Narvarte, Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, Entre la ideología y lo cotidiano: la familia en el carlismo y el tradicionalismo (1940-1975), [in:] Vasconia: cuadernos de historia-geografía 28 (1999), p. 52; Fal also appreciated del Burgo, see Manuel Martorell Pérez, Navarra 1937-1939: el fiasco de la Unificación, [in:] Príncipe de Viana 69 (2008), p. 439. In the early 1970s a "Jaime del Burgo" considered launching a post-Carlist regionalist political grouping, though it is unclear whether the person in question is the father or the son, see José Miguel Orts Timoner, Recuerdo de José Ángel Zubaiur Alegre, [in:] Portal Avant! 20.04.12, available here Archived 2015-02-25 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Diario de Navarra 25.10.05, Garralda Arizcun 2008
- ^ ABC 25.10.05, available here
- ^ Garralda Arizcun 2008
- ^ see Biblioteca y Filmoteca de Navarra leaflet, available here
- ^ removal to the new modern site at Paseo de Antonio Pérez Goyena took place in 2010
- ^ see Institucion Principe de Viana entry at Gran Enciclopedia Navarra, available here Archived 2014-01-08 at the Wayback Machine; the job coincided with 1943 appointment to vicesecretario de Educación Popular de FET, Villanueva Martínez 1998, p. 548
- ^ Diario de Navarra 25.10.05
- ^ Garralda Arizcun 2008
- ^ see Noticias de Navarra site available here Archived 2015-01-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ see Noticias de Navarra forum available here Archived 2014-01-01 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ the issue is not entirely clear, as the movie entered Spain in the early 1940s, long before del Burgo assumed the Navarrese censorship duties
- ^ "El Zorro, amigo de los pobres, adorado por las mujeres, idolatrado por los hombres, temido por los tiranos!", quoted after Noticias de Navarra site available here Archived 2014-01-01 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Diario de Navarra 25.10.05; other sources claim he commenced in 1966, Garralda Arizcun 2008; for a sample of his engagement in Pyrenaic tourism see La Vanguardia 21.03.65, available here
- ^ Diario de Navarra 25.10.05
- ^ he also contributed to and took part in nationwide cultural initiatives, like centenary celebrations of Vazquez de Mella, see La Vanguardia 18.03.61, available here
- ^ ABC 25.10.05, available here; other sources claim del Burgo did not try his hand in periodsmo, Garralda Arizcun 2008
- ^ Garralda Arizcun 2008
- ^ e.g. Planificación turística de Navarra (1962), Recursos turísticos de Navarra (1964), El Pirineo navarro (1977), Navarra (1978), Pamplona (1978), Olite (1978), Guía de Navarra (1982) and other
- ^ ABC 25.10.05; compare Escuela Municipal de Artes aplicadas y Oficios artísticos website, available here Archived 2013-07-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Diario de Navarra 25.10.05
- ^ Garralda Arizcun 2008
- ^ it was this work which earned del Burgo the national literary prize in 1967, Garralda Arizcun 2008
- ISBN 847481734X, 9788474817348, p. 15
- ^ Garralda Arizcun 2008; later Jaime Ignacio del Burgo Tajadura re-worked the volume and re-issued as a joint work, see Vanity Fair review available here Archived 2013-02-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ compare numerous references in Martorell Pérez 2009
- ^ Garralda Arizcun 2008
- ^ co-authored with Juan Manuel Sarasa
- ^ Garralda Arizcun 2008, selected bibliography in Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala, Cristina Aznar Munárri, Jaime del Burgo Torres entry, [in:] Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia, available here
- ^ Garralda Arizcun 2008
- ^ José Luís Martínez Sanz, Historians and Historiography on carlismo: the difficult boundary between politics and science, [in:] Contributions 49 (2002), p. 115; he is also denounced for pursuing an utopian vision of a Navarrese-Carlist unity, as according to him, the Carlist wars "configuraron de manera permanente el caracter de esta region, asignandole el papel de defensora de las mas puras esencias hispanicas", quoted after Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, Navarra y el carlismo durante el régimen de Franco: la utopía de la identidad unitaria, [in:] Investigaciones históricas 17 (1997), p. 287-8
- ISBN 9788493095796
- ^ see the account of Francisco Inza Goñi in Navarra 1936 - de la Esperanza al terror, p. 483, widely quoted in cyberspace, compare here Archived 2015-01-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ according to del Burgo’s own account the case was exactly the opposite: he did his best to prevent war crimes, e.g. saving republican POWs from execution by incorporating them into requeté units, Martorell Pérez 2009, p. 85
- ^ "Del Burgo, mientras vivió, dijo una y otra vez a quien le quiso oir que no había matado a nadie fuera del campo de batalla y mucho menos en Pamplona" quoted after kaosenlared.net available here Archived 2015-01-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ moreover, some claim he saved lives of Leftist activists like Telesforo Monzon or Juan Arrastia, see EKA site available here, Martorell Pérez 2009, p. 117
- ^ Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala, Cristina Aznar Munárri, Jaime del Burgo Torres entry, [in:] Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia refer to him as "profesor mercantil", though no trace of his academic or otherwise teaching activity is found elsewhere
- ^ Diario de Navarra 25.10.05, Garralda Arizcun 2008
- ^ ABC 25.10.05, available here
- ^ Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala, Cristina Aznar Munárri, Jaime del Burgo Torres entry, [in:] Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia
- ISBN 8489713510, p. 92, del Burgo’s dramas were "ejemplos de teatro carlista tradicionalista"
- ISBN 8415313314, 9788415313311, p. 22
- ^ Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala, Cristina Aznar Munárri, Jaime del Burgo Torres entry, [in:] Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia claim it was published 1927, which is probably a typo and should read 1937, see Jaime del Burgo, Catalogo bio-bibliografico, Pamplona 1954, p. 275, available here
- ^ Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala, Cristina Aznar Munárri, Jaime del Burgo Torres entry, [in:] Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia
- ^ El valle perdido plot features two Navarrese nationalist pilots who crash-landed somewhere in the Pyrenees, finding themselves in a valley cut off from the outer world and inhabited by descendants of those fighting in the 19th-century Carlist wars
- ^ Piotr Sawicki, La narrativa española de la Guerra Civil (1936-1975). Propaganda, testimonio y memoria creativa, Alicante 2010, p. 240
- ^ Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala, Cristina Aznar Munárri, Jaime del Burgo Torres entry, [in:] Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia; the sub-title is a commentary to del Burgo losing his eyesight in the last years of his life, Garralda Arizcun 2008
- ^ Carlos Mata-Indurain 2002, p. 935
- ISBN 843447459X
- ISBN 8420652482
- ISBN 8437619114
- ISBN 9788495643025, p. 366
- ^ Francisco Javier Caspistegui, Historia oral, inmaterial e intrahistoria en la recuperación de la memoria colectiva de la Navarra rural, [in:] Gerónimo de Uztariz 23-24 (2008), p. 211; Basque threads were present though not key in many of his works; in fact, he insisted on different ethnic origins of alaveses, vizcainos, guipuzcoanos and navarros, see Iñaki Iriarte López, Euskaros, nacionalistas y navarristas. Ideologías del pacto y la agonía en Navarra, [in:] Revista Internacional de los Estudios Vascos 44 (1999), p. 59
- ^ Caspistegui Gorasurreta 2002, pp. 80-81
- ^ ABC 23.12.54, available here
- ^ Garralda Arizcun 2008
- ^ see Fundación Ignacio Larramendi site, available here
- ^ Diario de Navarra 25.10.05
- ^ El Mundo 26.10.05, available here
- ^ though was nominated in 2001, Diario de Navarra 25.10.05
Further reading
- César Alcalá, Cruzadistas y carloctavistas: historia de una conspiración, Barcelona 2012, ISBN 9788493884253
- Jaime Ignacio del Burgo Tajadura (ed.), Jaime del Burgo. Una vida al servicio de la cultura, Madrid 2003, ISBN 9788496062207
- Burgo Torres, Jaime, [in:] ISBN 9788496849655
- Martin Blinkhorn, Carlism and Crisis in Spain 1931-1939, Cambridge 1975, ISBN 9780521207294
- José Fermín Garralda Arizcun, Sin caer en el olvido. Jaime del Burgo Torres (1912-2005). Historiador polifacético en su tercer aniversario, [in:] Arbil 118 (2008)
- Eduardo Gonzales Calleja, Contrarrevolucionarios, Madrid 2011, ISBN 9788420664552
- Francisco de las Heras y Borrero, Un pretendiente desconocido. Carlos de Habsburgo. El otro candidato de Franco, Madrid 2004, ISBN 8497725565
- Javier Ugarte Tellería, La nueva Covadonga insurgente: orígenes sociales y culturales de la sublevación de 1936 en Navarra y el País Vasco, Madrid 1998, ISBN 847030531X, 9788470305313
External links
- Jaime del Burgo speaking (24:17 to 24:48)
- Jaime del Burgo Torres at Geni
- obituray Archived 2014-01-01 at the Wayback Machine
- del Burgo in euskomedia
- friendly account
- unfriendly account Archived 2014-01-01 at the Wayback Machine
- Cortes deputies index
- Carlist siege of Bilbao movie(1937) on YouTube
- Por el rio Nervion Carlist Bilbao siege song on YouTube
- Requetés in brief homage video on YouTube
- Requetés in historical documentary video on YouTube
- unique 1935 photo: young del Burgo as Requeté (euskomedia)
- they come, in numbers and weapons far greater than our own - ultimate day of reckoning in the crypto-Catholic Narnia version on YouTube
- Ideario Tradicionalista by del Burgo Archived 2014-01-02 at the Wayback Machine
- contemporary Carlist propaganda on YouTube