Jainosaurus

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Jainosaurus
Temporal range:
Ma
↓
Life restoration of Jainosaurus septentrionalis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: †Sauropodomorpha
Clade: †Sauropoda
Clade: †Macronaria
Clade: †Titanosauria
Clade: †Colossosauria
Genus: †Jainosaurus
Hunt et al., 1995
Type species
†Jainosaurus septentrionalis
Hunt et al., 1995
Synonyms

Jainosaurus is a genus of

million years ago). It is thought to have been about the same size as its contemporary relative Isisaurus, measuring 18 metres (59 ft) long and weighing 15 metric tons (17 short tons).[1]
The humerus of the type specimen is 134 centimetres long.

History

dinosaurs

The type species of Jainosaurus, J. septentrionalis has a long and complex taxonomic history closely connected to the history of the problematic genera Titanosaurus and Antarctosaurus. The first known remains attributable to Jainosaurus, the humerus GSI K22/754, was discovered in 1871 or 1872 by Henry Benedict Medlicott,[2] and the holotype remains were found by Charles Alfred Matley between 1917 and 1920 near Jabalpur in the Lameta Formation. These were named Antarctosaurus septentrionalis by Friedrich von Huene and Matley in 1933.[3]

The

Southern hemisphere" because its type species Antarctosaurus wichmannianus was found in Argentina. The generic name honours the Indian paleontologist Sohan Lal Jain,[4] who worked on the cranial nerve impressions in the skull;[5] and in 1982 published a study about the results.[6] Ironically, Jain himself considered the remains synonymous with Titanosaurus in the 1997 description of Isisaurus.[7] However, Wilson and Upchurch (2003) rejected the synonymy of Jainosaurus and Titanosaurus due to the dubious status of the latter.[8]

Skeletal consisting of all the material referred to it by Wilson et al., 2009. Blue is preserved, orange is extrapolated and red is material broken after excavation.

In 1995

lectotype.[9]
Jainosaurus was further distinguished from Antarctosaurus by details of the braincase.

In 2009,

Calcutta. They include: dorsal rib fragments (GSI K20/326, K27/425); a caudal vertebra (GSI K20/317), four chevrons (GSI K27/492–494, 496), the left and right scapula (only a cast still extant); a sternal plate (GSI K20/647); a humerus (lacking an inventory number), a radius (GSI K27/490) and an ulna (GSI K27/491). In 1996 Sankar Chatterjee referred a second braincase to the species: ISI R162. Some material from Pakistan
also possibly belongs to Jainosaurus.

Wilson e.a. concluded that Jainosaurus is a valid taxon, clearly distinguishable from Isisaurus. It would have been a fairly derived member of the Titanosauria, more closely related to South American forms like Pitekunsaurus, Muyelensaurus and Antarctosaurus than to Isisaurus or Rapetosaurus.[10]

References

  1. OCLC 985402380
    .
  2. ^ R. Lydekker. 1877. Notices of new and other Vertebrata from Indian Tertiary and Secondary rocks. Records of the Geological Survey of India 10(1):30–43
  3. ^ F. v. Huene and C. A. Matley, 1933, "The Cretaceous Saurischia and Ornithischia of the Central Provinces of India", Palaeontologica Indica (New Series), Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, 21(1): 1–74
  4. ^ "Dinosauria Translation and Pronunciation Guide J". dinosauria.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  5. ISBN 81-237-3109-4
    .
  6. ^ Berman, D. S. and S. L. Jain, 1982, "The braincase of a small sauropod dinosaur (Reptilia: Saurischia) from the Upper Cretaceous Lameta Group, Central India, with review of Lameta Group localities", Annals of the Carnegie Museum 51: 405–422
  7. ^ Jain, Sohan L.; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati (1997). "New Titanosaurid (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Central India". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma. 17 (1): 114. doi:10.1080/02724634.1997.10010958.
  8. ^ Wilson, Jeffrey A.; Upchurch, P. (2003). "A revision of Titanosaurus Lydekker (Dinosauria – Sauropoda), the first dinosaur genus with a 'Gondwanan' distribution" (PDF). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. 1 (3): 125–160. doi:10.1017/s1477201903001044. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
  9. ^ Hunt, A.P., Lockley M., Lucas S. & Meyer C., 1995, "The global sauropod fossil record", In: M.G. Lockley, V.F. dos Santos, C.A. Meyer, and A.P. Hunt, (eds.) Aspects of sauropod paleobiology, GAIA 10: 261–279
  10. ^ Wilson, Jeffrey; D'Emic, Michael; Rogers, Christina A. Curry; Mohabey, Dhananjay M.; Sen, Subashis, 2009, "Reassessment of Sauropod Dinosaur Jainosaurus (="Antarctosaurus") septentrionalis from the Upper Cretaceous of India", Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, 32(2): 17–40
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