Jabalpur
Jabalpur
Jubbulpore | ||
---|---|---|
Average Literacy Rate 82.13% | | |
Official language | Hindi[8] | |
Website | jabalpur | |
Jabalpur, formerly Jubbulpore, is a city situated on the banks of
Etymology
According to a prevalent theory, Jabalpur was named after a sage named Jabali, who meditated on the banks of the Narmada river. Another theory suggests an Arabic origin of the word since jabal in Arabic means granite boulders or huge boulders, which were common in the region. According to a fringe theory, the name refers to Jauli Pattala, a sub-divisional unit, mentioned in Kalachuri inscriptions. Jauli also refers to the Huna queen of the Kalachuri king, Karna. It was spelled as 'Jubbulpore' during British rule[10]
In 2006, the Jabalpur Municipal Corporation renamed the city to Jabalpur.[11]
History
Mythology describes three Asuras (evil spirits) in the Jabalpur region, who were defeated by the Hindu god Shiva. Tripurasura being the main asura, gave the city its puranic name Tripur Tirth.[12] Tripuri region corresponds to the ancient Chedi Kingdom of Mahabharata times, to which king Shishupala belongs.
Ashokan relics dating to 300 BCE have been found in Rupnath, 84 kilometres (52 mi) north of the city, indicating the presence of the Mauryan Empire (322 to 185 BCE) in the region.[12] When the empire fell, Jabalpur became a city-state before coming under the rule of the Satavahana dynasty (230 BCE to 220 CE). After their reign, the region was ruled locally by the Bodhis and the Senas, following which it became a vassal state of the Gupta Empire (320 to 550).[12]
The region was conquered by the
Gondwana rule
Jabalpur was an important centre of power during the rule of the
The Gond king, Hriday Shah (1634-1668), moved his court to the Mandla fort. He secured water sources and built irrigation structures. The kingdom was invaded in 1742 by the Maratha peshwa (prime minister), Balaji Baji Rao along with Visaji Chandorkar, the Maratha governor of Sagar, and made a tributary state of the Maratha Empire.[17][18]
Maratha rule
The
British rule
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Under British rule, and among others in the works of Kipling, the city name was spelled Jubbulpore.
Geography
Climate
Jabalpur | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Jabalpur has a humid subtropical climate typical of north-central India (Madhya Pradesh and southern Uttar Pradesh). Summer begins in late March, lasting until June. May is the hottest month, with an average temperature exceeding 40 °C (104 °F). Summer is followed by the southwest monsoon, which lasts until early October and produces 889 mm (35 in) of rain from July to September. The average annual precipitation is nearly 1,386 mm (54.6 in). The Winter begins in late November and lasts until early March. January is the coldest month, with an average daily temperature near 15 °C (59 °F).
Climate data for Jabalpur Airport (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 33.4 (92.1) |
37.6 (99.7) |
41.2 (106.2) |
45.4 (113.7) |
46.7 (116.1) |
46.8 (116.2) |
41.7 (107.1) |
37.8 (100.0) |
37.4 (99.3) |
37.9 (100.2) |
35.8 (96.4) |
33.2 (91.8) |
46.7 (116.1) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 24.3 (75.7) |
27.9 (82.2) |
33.3 (91.9) |
38.5 (101.3) |
41.3 (106.3) |
37.6 (99.7) |
31.3 (88.3) |
29.9 (85.8) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.8 (89.2) |
29.1 (84.4) |
25.8 (78.4) |
31.8 (89.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) |
20.7 (69.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
31.0 (87.8) |
34.6 (94.3) |
31.8 (89.2) |
27.4 (81.3) |
26.6 (79.9) |
27.3 (81.1) |
25.9 (78.6) |
21.9 (71.4) |
18.0 (64.4) |
25.7 (78.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.7 (51.3) |
13.6 (56.5) |
18.2 (64.8) |
23.3 (73.9) |
27.4 (81.3) |
27.0 (80.6) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.7 (74.7) |
20.3 (68.5) |
15.0 (59.0) |
11.0 (51.8) |
19.9 (67.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | 1.1 (34.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
10.6 (51.1) |
17.2 (63.0) |
19.0 (66.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
18.3 (64.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
10.5 (50.9) |
3.9 (39.0) |
0.6 (33.1) |
0.0 (32.0) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 17.6 (0.69) |
19.7 (0.78) |
18.2 (0.72) |
6.8 (0.27) |
11.9 (0.47) |
164.2 (6.46) |
429.8 (16.92) |
443.0 (17.44) |
213.7 (8.41) |
30.0 (1.18) |
10.0 (0.39) |
2.9 (0.11) |
1,367.8 (53.85) |
Average rainy days | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 7.5 | 15.6 | 15.5 | 9.5 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 57.7 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST )
|
47 | 38 | 27 | 21 | 21 | 49 | 73 | 79 | 69 | 52 | 51 | 49 | 48 |
Source 1: India Meteorological Department[21][22] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)[23] |
Flora and fauna
Extinct species
A species of
Demographics
Year | Population |
---|---|
2011 | 1,268,848
|
2012 | 1,295,000
|
2013 | 1,320,000
|
2014 | 1,360,000
|
2015 | 1,385,000
|
2016 | 1,400,000
|
2017 | 1,440,000
|
2018 | 1,450,000
|
In the 2011 India census, the Jabalpur city (the area covered by the municipal corporation) recorded a population of 1,081,677.[5] The Jabalpur metropolitan area (urban agglomeration) recorded a population of 1,268,848.[6]
Economy
The Narmada river bringing in freshwater from the Vindyachal Ranges has developed Jabalpur district into an agrarian economy. The land of the Narmada basin with its fertile alluvial soil gives good yields of sorghum, wheat, rice, and millet in the villages around Jabalpur. Important among commercial crops are pulses, oilseeds, cotton, sugar cane, and medicinal crops. The state is poised for a breakthrough in soybean cultivation.[citation needed] In Kharif crops occupy 60% and Rabi crops 40% area with 71.4% area under food grain production. Nearly 59% of landholders are marginal whereas small farmed share 18% of farmland.
Jabalpur has a variety of industries largely based in mineral substances of economic value found in the district, although the ready-made garments industry is a substantial portion of production in Jabalpur.
Defence establishments started in the early 20th century. Jabalpur has
Armed forces make up a large portion of the city and economy in this city. The city has three regimental centres: Grenadiers, Jammu and Kashmir rifles and the Signals regiment. Jabalpur is also the army headquarters of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, and Orissa. Jabalpur is an important divisional headquarters, having eight districts: Jabalpur, Seoni, Mandla, Chhindwara, Narsimhapur, Katni, Dindori, Balaghat. The Jabalpur District has been reconstituted on 25 May 1998. It now has four tehsils Jabalpur, Sihora, Patan, and Kundam. Jabalpur also has the headquarters of the Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board, Homeguards, and many other state and central government offices. There are seven blocks in the district with 1449 inhabited villages, 60 uninhabited, 1209 revenue villages, and 4 forest villages. The presence of several industries in Jabalpur bolstered the industrial scenario of the city. However, the industrial growth of the area owes much to the defence establishments and the four ordnance factories.
The presence of the military base and the ordnance factories have improved the infrastructure of the city. This has boosted the industrial development of Jabalpur. The important industries in Jabalpur are:
- Readymade garments units
- Poultry/hatchery
- Electrical goods industry
- Sawmills
- Wood cutting industry
- Industries relating to limestone products
- Building materials
- Glassware
- Telephone parts
- Furniture making industry
- Shaw Wallace Gelatin Factory
- Steel structures works
- Cement industries
- Commercial Engineers & Body Builders Co Limited [CEBBCO ]
- Tobacco business
- Retail business
- Food processing industry
- Vendors for Coca-Cola India & Parle
The nominal GDP of Jabalpur District was estimated at Rs. 42,518 crores for the year 2020–21.[28]
Information technology and park
M.P. State Electronics Development Corporation Ltd. has set up an I.T. park (Techno Park)[29] in Bargi Hills having total area of 60 acres, 22 km from the Jabalpur airport. Paytm started their operations at Jabalpur in 2018.[30]
Government and public services
Civic administration
Jabalpur covers an area of 263 square kilometres (102 sq mi).[3] The Jabalpur Municipal Corporation (JMC), is charged with governance of the city's civic and infrastructural assets. The corporation has two wings: deliberative and executive. The head of the executive wing is a municipal commissioner who is responsible for the corporation's day-to-day operation and assists the deliberative wing in the decision-making process. The JMC council has one elected representative (corporate) from each ward. Council elections, by popular vote, are held every five years. A corporate from the majority party is selected as mayor.
Jabalpur contributes one member to the
Division headquarters
Jabalpur is the divisional headquarters for eight districts: Jabalpur, Seoni, Mandla, Chhindwara, Narsinghpur, Katni, Dindori and Balaghat. The district, which was reconstituted on 25 May 1998, has seven tehsils: Jabalpur, Sihora, Patan, Majhouli, Shahpura, Panagar and Kundam. The city is the headquarters of the Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board, the Home-guards and other state and central-government offices.
Military establishments
The Jabalpur Cantonment is one of the largest cantonments in India.
Culture
Cuisine
Sweets in Jabalpur's local delicacy include Doodh ka Halwa, Kalakand, Bhaji Wada, Dal Mangode, Aloo Bonda, Khoye ki Jalebi,[33][34] Mawa-Bati, Khoprapak, Shrikhand, Malpua, Imarti and Makkhanvada.[35] Khoye ki Jalebi, which is quite popular in Madhya Pradesh,[35] was invented by Harprasad Badkul in 1889 at his shop, Badkul Halwai.[36][37][38]
Tourism
Jabalpur is an important tourism city in Madhya Pradesh and central India. Notable sites in Jabalpur include
Hanumantal Bada Jain Mandir is a 17th-century Jain temple that appears like a fortress with numerous
Tourist attractions in Jabalpur also include the boat rides on the Narmada river, which is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) away from the city, specially in moonlight. The journey through Narmada reveals the Marble Rocks, where the river has carved the soft marble, creating a gorge of about 8 km in length, and the Dhuandhar falls, which is one of the most visited tourist destinations in Jabalpur.[citation needed] Lamheta Ghaat[40] and Tilwara Ghaat[41] are well-knownGhats on the banks of Narmada River.[citation needed] The Tilwadeshwar temple is located near the Tilwara Ghat and it is also the place where Gandhi's ashes were immersed.
Other tourist destinations near the city include
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's ashram in Karondi village is located around 90 kms from Jabalpur city. Lying on the Tropic of Cancer, the location is claimed to be the geographical central point of India by Yogi.[47]
Transport
Air
The
Rail
Jabalpur Junction railway station, is one of the five major railway stations located in the city. Madan Mahal Railway station is located in the heart of Jabalpur City.
Jabalpur city homes the Zonal Headquarters of
Jabalpur Junction is well connected with Rail and has dedicated trains to New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Lucknow, SVDK Katra, Ajmer, Somnath, Pune, Bangalore, Coimbatore etc.
Road
Jabalpur has excellent road connectivity. A network of National Highways meet at Jabalpur. 4-lane NH 45 connects it to Bhopal, 4-lane NH 34 connects it to Nagpur, 4-lane NH 30 connects it to Varanasi and Mandla, NH 34 connects it to Damoh. Apart from this, Jabalpur also has good network of state highways.
114 Kms Ring Road is under construction around Jabalpur which will be second longest ring road in India after Hyderabad's ORR. Longest elevated corridor of Madhya Pradesh is also present in Jabalpur City which is nearing completion. This will be one of the longest elevated roads in India.
Education
Jabalpur became a centre of higher education by the end of the 19th century, with institutions such as the Hitkarini Sabha, established by local citizens in 1868,[48] and Robertson College (now bifurcated into the Government Science College, Jabalpur, and Mahakoshal Arts & Commerce College) was established in Sagar in 1836 and moved to Jabalpur in 1873.[49] Government Engineering College, Jabalpur was the first technical institution in Central India to be established by the British. IIITDM Jabalpur was founded in 2005. Scholars, authors and politicians such as Ravishankar Shukla, Rajneesh, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh had been in Jabalpur for some time in their life.
Jabalpur is known for many universities such as
Jabalpur also hosts a Government Medical College named Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College. The largest Government Cancer Institute in Madhya Pradesh, the Madhya Pradesh State Cancer Institute will soon become functional in Jabalpur at the adjoining premises of the NSCB Medical College. The School of Excellence in Pulmonary Medicine is also a Government center of excellence in pulmonary medicine located in the premises of NSCB Medical College.
Media
Several television news channels have branches in the city. Various cable operators operate digital cable TV system in city.[50]
Newspapers
National and local newspapers are published in Jabalpur in Hindi and English:
Newspaper | Language | Founded |
---|---|---|
Naiduniya | Hindi | 1947 |
Patrika | 2009 | |
Nava Bharat | 1934 | |
Deshbandhu | 1959 | |
Hari Bhoomi | 1996 | |
The Times of India | English | 1838 |
Hindustan Times | 1924 | |
Hindustan | Hindi | |
The Hitavada | English | 1911 |
Business Standard | English, Hindi | 1975 |
Dainik Bhaskar | Hindi | 1958 |
Yash Bharat | 2006 |
Radio
Radio stations in Jabalpur include:
Name | Frequency (MHz) | Tagline |
Red FM | 93.5 | Bajaate raho |
MY FM | 94.3 | Jiyo Dil Se! |
Radio Mirchi | 98.3 | It's Hot! |
Radio Orange | 106.4 | Kuch Khatta Kuch Meetha |
Akashvani | 102.9 |
Akashvani Jabalpur broadcasts on 801 kHz AM with a 200 kW transmitter.
Sports
The city has two stadiums:
Notable people and residents
Historical personalities
- Amedee Delalex (1826-1889)
- Rani Durgavati (1524–1564)
- Abani Mukherji (1891–1937)
Movie and TV personalities
- Tom Alter
- Jaya Bachchan
- Jennifer Mistry Bansiwal
- Shaleen Bhanot
- Gurmeet Choudhary
- Kirron Kher
- Prem Nath
- Arjun Rampal
- Shalini Pandey
- Ashutosh Rana
- Pradeep Rawat
- Sharat Saxena
- Aadesh Shrivastava
- Raghubir Yadav
Armed forces officers
- Maj Gen G. D. Bakshi
- Admiral Jal Cursetji
- Lt Gen WAG Pinto
Civil servants and people holding high public office
Politicians
- Frank Anthony
- Ashok Rohani
- Ishwardas Rohani
- Rakesh Singh
- K. S. Sudarshan
- Vivek Tankha
- Captain B P Tiwari
- Shreegopal Vyas
- Sharad Yadav
Business
Spiritual gurus
- Mahant Swami Maharaj
- Osho Rajneesh
- Maharshi Mahesh Yogi
Journalists
Engineers
Doctors
Authors and poets
- Subhadra Kumari Chauhan
- Kamta Prasad Guru
- Harishankar Parsai
- Nell St. John Montague
- Ram Kinkar Upadhyay
Sportspersons
See also
- Jubbulpuria
- Jabalpur district
- Indian Ordnance Factories
- Tropical Forest Research Institute
References
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