Japan–Thailand relations
Japan |
Thailand |
---|---|
Diplomatic mission | |
Japanese Embassy, Bangkok | Thai Embassy, Tokyo |
Envoy | |
Ambassador Shirō Sadoshima | Ambassador Bansarn Bunnag |
Japan–Thailand relations refer to bilateral relations between Japan and Thailand. Contacts had an early start with Japanese trade on Red seal ships and the installation of Japanese communities on Siamese soil, only to be broken off with Japan's period of seclusion. Contacts resumed in the 19th century and developed to the point where Japan is today one of Thailand's foremost economic partners. Thailand and Japan share the distinction of never having lost sovereignty to the European powers during the colonial period, and both countries were Axis partners during the later part of World War II.
First contacts
As early as 1593, Siamese chronicles record that the Siamese king
In December 1605,
Red seal trade
Around 56 Red seal ships to Siam are recorded between 1604 and 1635.[3] By around 1620, the trade between Siam and Japan was larger than the total trade of Siam with all other nations.[4]
A Japanese
The Japanese were noted by the
The king of Siam sent numerous
"The existence of a sea separating Thailand and Japan has made contact between our two nations difficult. However, merchant ships of both nations now ply regularly between our two countries, causing relations to become even closer. It is now apparent that you (the
shōgun) have sincere affection for us, an affection even stronger than that of our immediate kin."— Letter by King Songtham.[1]
The shōgun responded in similar terms:
"The cordial relations between our two countries cannot be destroyed. Since we both have mutual trust, the existence of a sea between us is not of any significance."
— Letter by the Tokugawa shōgun to King Songtham.[1]
Japanese community in Siam
The Japanese quarters of
Padre
The Japanese colony was highly valued for its military expertise, and was organized under a "Department of Japanese Volunteers" (Krom Asa Yipun) by the Thai king.
Contacts with other communities were not always smooth: in 1614, men of the
Yamada Nagamasa (1612–1630)
A Japanese adventurer,
William Adams (1614 and 1615)
The English adventurer
Tenjiku Tokubei (1627–1630)
The Japanese adventurer and writer
Limitation of relations between Siam and Japan
Following Yamada's death in 1630, the new ruler and usurper king of Siam Prasat Thong (1630–1655) sent an army of 4000 soldiers to destroy the Japanese settlement in Ayutthaya, but many Japanese managed to flee to Cambodia. A few years later in 1633, returnees from Indochina were able to re-establish the Japanese settlement in Ayutthaya (300–400 Japanese).
From 1634, the shōgun, informed of these troubles and what he perceived as attacks on his authority, refused to issue further
Continuing trade
More embassies would be sent by Thailand to Japan, in 1656 during the reign of King
Remaining Japanese communities in Siam
Japanese communities however remained in Siam, and numerous refugees from the persecutions of Christians in Japan also arrived in the country after the promulgation of
Since the Tokugawa shogunate prohibited Japanese people established abroad to return to Japan, essentially as a protective measure against Christianity, the Japanese communities in Siam were gradually absorbed locally.[13]
Resumption of contacts (19th century)
Relations resumed in the 19th century, with the establishment of the Declaration of Amity and Commerce between Japan and Siam in 26 September 1887, during the reigns of two icons of modernization, king Chulalongkorn in Siam and Emperor Meiji in Japan.
Numerous Japanese experts were dispatched to Thailand to help modernize the country, in areas such as law, education and sericulture.[14]
World War II: occupation and alliance
Siam was allied with Japan during World War II, following numerous pre-war diplomatic exchanges and the beginning of a Japanese invasion of Thailand.
The Japanese had won from
On 8 December 1941, the
A Treaty of alliance was signed between Thailand and Japan on December 21, 1941, and on January 25, 1942 Thailand declared war on the United States and Great Britain
Meanwhile, Japan stationed 150,000 troops on Thai soil. As the war dragged on, the Japanese increasingly dealt with Thailand as a conquered territory rather than as an ally. Though the United States had not officially declared war, on 26 December 1942, US Tenth Air Force bombers based in India launched the first major bombing raid
Modern times
Japan has become again a key trading partner and foreign investor for Thailand.[14] Japan is Thailand's largest supplier, followed by the United States. Since 2005, the rapid ramp-up in export of automobiles of Japanese makes (esp. Toyota, Nissan, Isuzu) has helped to dramatically improve the trade balance, with over 1 million cars produced last year. As such, Thailand has joined the ranks of the world's top ten automobile exporting nations. [citation needed]
In 2007, a
-
Plaque at Suvarnabhumi Airport
See also
- Japanese language education in Thailand
- List of Ambassadors of Japan to Thailand
- Japan–Thailand Economic Partnership Agreement
References
- ^ archive link). Thai Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2006). Originally located at http://www.mfa.go.th/web/113.php.
- ^ a b Turnbull, p. 12.
- Patani and Pahang.
- ^ a b Tarling, p. 7.
- ^ Boxer, p.293
- ^ a b c Ishii Yoneo. "Siam and Japan in pre-modern times: a note on mutual images". In Denoon, p. 154.
- ^ a b Boxer, p.297
- ^ Tanaka, Junzo. "Historic Kansai: What if Japan had not been secluded from outside world?" Archived 2008-06-13 at the Wayback Machine Kansai Window Kippo News Vol.11 No.490 (February 23, 2005).
- ^ "Tenjiku Tokubei" Archived 2009-11-13 at the Wayback Machine. Takasago City website. Accessed December 3, 2008. ("When he was fifteen years old, in 1626, he was employed by a trading company in Kyoto worked in Siam (Thailand) and Magadha (India). After that, in 1630, he went to India again in a Dutch ship, with Jan Joosten, a Dutchman, and traded there.")
- ^ Kincaid, p. 187. ("Tokubei sailed away on unknown seas to India and returned with wealth greater than that of a daimyo, many strange tales to relate...")
- ^ Pombejra, Dhivarat na. "Ayutthaya at the end of the seventeenth century: was there a shift to isolation?" In Reid, p. 266.
- ^ "Siam". Catholic Encyclopedia. The Encyclopedia Press (1907-1914). ("In 1664 he was joined by Mgr Pallu, Vicar Apostolic of Tong King. Siam, in those days the rendezvous of all commercial enterprise in the East, gave shelter to several hundred Annamite and Japanese Christians who had been expelled or lived there as voluntary exiles on account of persecutions at home.")
- ^ Tarling, p. 8.
- ^ a b "Japan-Thailand Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (December 2008). Accessed December 3, 2008.
- ^ a b Christian, John L. and Nobutake Ike. "Thailand in Japan's Foreign Relations". Pacific Affairs, Vol. 15, No. 2 (June 1942), p. 195.
- ^ Kratoska, p. 197.
- ^ Kratoska, p. 203.
- ^ "Invasion of Malaya: First shot in the Pacific war".
- ^ Stearn, Duncan (30 May 2003). "Allies attack Thailand, 1942–1945". Pattaya Mail. Pattaya. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
On 26 December 1942 bombers of the United States' Tenth Air Force, based in India, launched the first major strike
- ^ Kratoska, p. 209.
References
- Boxer C.R. The Christian Century in Japan. Carcanet Press Limited (1993). ISBN 1-85754-035-2.
- Denoon, Donald et al. (editors). Multicultural Japan (Donald Denoon et al., editors). ISBN 0-521-00362-8.
- Kincaid, Zoe. Kabuki: the Popular Stage of Japan. Benjamin Blom (1965). OCLC number 711523.
- Kratoska, Paul H. Southeast Asian Minorities in the Wartime Japanese Empire. Routledge (2002). ISBN 978-0-7007-1488-9.
- Reid, Anthony (editor). Southeast Asia in the Early Modern Era. ISBN 0-8014-8093-0.
- Tarling, Nicholas. The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia: From C. 1500 to C. 1800 Cambridge University Press (1999). ISBN 978-0-521-66370-0.
- Turnbull, Stephen. Fighting ships of the Far East (2): Japan and Korea AD 612-1639. Osprey Publishing (2002). ISBN 978-1-84176-478-8.
Further reading
- Breazeale, Kennon, ed. (1999). From Japan to Arabia-Ayutthaya's Maritime Relations with Asia (PDF). Bangkok: Foundation for the Promotion of Social Sciences and Humanities Textbooks Project. ISBN 9748718352.
- Ishii, Yoneo; Yoshikawa, Toshiharu (1999). Khwam samphan thai yipun hok roi pi: Tai kōryū roku hyaku-nen-shi ความสัมพันธ์ไทยญี่ปุ่น ๖๐๐ ปี: タイ交流 600年史 [600 Years of Japanese–Thai Relations] (PDF) (in Thai). Phlap-phlueng Khongchana and others, translators. (2nd ed.). Bangkok: Foundation for the Promotion of Social Sciences and Humanities Textbooks Project. ISBN 9748701794.
- ISBN 9748960897.
- Tansiangsom, Surangsi (1985). Sam roi paet sip pi samphanthamaitri yipun thai ๓๘๐ ปี สัมพันธไมตรีญี่ปุ่น–ไทย [380 Years of Japanese–Thai Relations] (PDF) (in Thai). Bangkok: Mangkon Publishing and Advertising.[permanent dead link]
- Tharasak, Sukonrat (1991). Samphanthamaitri rawang thai kap yipun สัมพันธไมตรีระหว่างไทยกับญี่ปุ่น [Thai–Japanese Relations] (PDF) (in Thai). Bangkok: Literature and History Division, Fine Arts Department of Thailand. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-31. Retrieved 2015-07-10.