Japan–Taiwan relations
Japan |
Taiwan |
---|---|
Diplomatic mission | |
Japan–Taiwan Exchange Association | Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in Japan |
The complex relationship between Japan and Taiwan dates back to 1592 during the
After the
History
Early
In the 1600s, there was considerable trade between Japan and Taiwan. The Dutch colonized Taiwan as a base for trade with Japan in 1624.
Kingdom of Tungning & Taiwan under Qing rule
During the
In 1874, Japanese troops invaded southern Taiwan to attack aboriginal tribes, in revenge for the killing of 54 Ryukyuan sailors in 1871.
Taiwan under Japanese rule
Japan's victory over Qing dynasty in the First Sino-Japanese War resulted in the 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki, in which Taiwan was ceded to Japan. Taiwan was then ruled by the Empire of Japan until 1945. The Japanese Imperial Army defeated the native aborigine rebels in the Tapani incident of 1915 and the Musha Incident of 1930.
During that time, Taiwan was Japan's first
After
ROC on Taiwan
Establishment, early 1950s
After the war between China and Japan, during the
By taking everything into consideration, in the midst of the US creating its
era.With the eruption of the
for the purposes of the present Treaty,
Chinese nationality in accordance with the laws and regulationswhich have been or may hereafter be enforced by the Republic of China in Taiwan (Formosa) and Penghu (the Pescadores); and juridical persons of the Republic of China shall be deemed to include all those registered under the laws and regulations which have been or may hereafter be enforced by the Republic of China in Taiwan (Formosa) and Penghu (the Pescadores).
Bilaterally, Japan had, and still has from members of the
and the severing of ties between the two governments.In 1958, the
Joint Communiqué, 1972
Regarding the
As a
Statements and principles set in the
Japan–China Joint Declaration, 1998
In 1998, Japan and the PRC signed the
Recent initiatives, 2005–present
Japan grants
In the press conference on January 31, 2006, Deputy Press Secretary
In 2020 Japan received donations of equipment and supplies as part of Taiwan's medical diplomacy in response to the COVID-19 epidemic. More than 2 million face masks were delivered in mid April 2020.[19]
As the
Japan has been drawing closer to Taiwan as a result of their concerns over Beijing's economic and military power. In 2021 Japan's annual military white paper explicitly mentioned Taiwan for the first time.[22]
In September 2021, Taiwan donated 10000 pulse oximeters and 1008 oxygen concentrators to Japan[23][24] Japan Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga thanked Taiwan for the medical equipment, including a "Thank you Taiwan" written in Taiwan's traditional Chinese characters, and adding that Japan and Taiwan have cultivated their friendship by helping each other in times of natural disasters and pandemics.[25][26]
On July 12, 2022, Taiwanese Vice President Lai Ching-te attended the funeral of Shinzo Abe at Zōjō-ji temple.[27] Lai was instructed by President Tsai Ing-wen to make a visit as "a special envoy".[27]
Fishery demarcation, 1996–present
Japan insists, on the basis of
On the official international tie between the two governments,
Guang Hua Liao (Kokaryo) Student Dormitory Lawsuit
The Guang Hua Liao (Kokaryo) case involved the ownership of a dormitory that the ROC purchased in 1952 to house students, yet the PRC controlled and operated since the 1960s. The ROC, seeking to take control of the dormitory, asked the students to sign a lease contract, and when the ROC received no response, it filed a lawsuit as "the State of China" in Kyoto District Court in 1967, seeking removal of the students living in the dormitory.[49] In 1977, 10 years after the ROC filed its original lawsuit, the Kyoto District Court gave a verdict: The dormitory belonged to the PRC. The case was appealed in 1982 to the Osaka High Court, which ordered the Kyoto District Court to reconsider its ruling. The Kyoto court did, and in February 1986 the decision was reversed and the dormitory was returned, in name, to the ROC. The Osaka High Court found in favor of Taiwan because of "incomplete succession of government" in the case of “the State of China.” In 2007, the Japanese Supreme Court quashed the decision. The Supreme Court held that Japan's recognition of Beijing in 1972 rendered the ROC's representation on behalf of "the State of China" invalid.[50] Notably, the Japanese decision carefully focused on a narrow ground of standing as “the State of China,” which Japan recognizes as the PRC. It did not foreclose the possibility of refiling the case as the Republic of China.[50]
Response to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake
A few days after Japan was struck by the
Despite Taiwan being the nation that donated the most money to Japan in response to the earthquake, the government did not publicly thank Taiwan along with other nations. The Japanese government placed ads in multiple nations to show gratitude of the donations, but not Taiwan. This prompted Japanese citizens to thank Taiwan individually. Japanese designer
The Japanese government did not hold any public activities to thank Taiwan at the first few years after the earthquake, and wrote a letter in private to the Taiwanese government to express gratitude instead.
In 2019, the 8th anniversary of the earthquake was held, in which the ambassador to Taiwan from Japan stated that "There was already a special bond between Japan and Taiwan before the disaster" and that "The northeastern Japan earthquake made [Japan] see it more clearly." These statements contradict what was suggested from Taiwanese newspapers which stated that the donations Taiwan contributed was a turning point between the relations of the two nations.[66] However, it is undeniable that Taiwan and Japan's relations have strengthened a lot due to the exchanges after the catastrophe, both on a governmental and private level. In August 2019, The Japan Times published an article "Taiwan's democracy is worth defending", which demonstrates the improved relations as such controversial articles supporting Taiwan are rarely seen on large non-Taiwanese news media.[67]
Due to the closer relations Japan and Taiwan has after the catastrophic event, tourism bloomed between both nations. Japanese tourism to Taiwan rose by 19.9 percent in 2011, which comes with an increase of nearly 50 percent exchange revenue due to this change.[68]
COVID-19 vaccines
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, Japan sent 1.24 million doses of vaccine to Taiwan for free on June 4, 2021.[69][70] This prompted a wave of gratitude from Taiwanese people,[71] while the Chinese Communist Party condemned Japan's move.[72] This was followed by 5 other shipments over 2021, totaling 4.2 million doses, with the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs saying it is an expression of warm friendship and good will.[73]
Education
Overseas Chinese schools, like those in many other countries, are administratively and financially supported by the Taiwan (R.O.C.) government's
Japan operates three nihonjin gakkō (overseas Japanese schools operated by a Japanese association) on the island of Taiwan:
Culture
On April 21, 2010, Taiwan established the Taipei Cultural Center in Tokyo, Japan and was subsequently renamed Taiwan Cultural Center. On November 27, 2017, Japan established the Japanese Cultural Center in Taipei, Taiwan.
See also
- China–Japan relations
- Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office
- Association of East Asian Relations
- wikisource:Potsdam Declaration
- History of Cross-Strait Relations
References
- ^ Atsushi, Kawai (21 April 2020). "Toyotomi Hideyoshi's Japan: Taking Control of the State". Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ Mavropoulos, Nikolaos (October 2018). "The First Japanese effort to colonize Taiwan and the Chinese Reaction" (PDF). 4: 307–328. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ "Recent Japan-Taiwan Relations and the Taiwan Situation" (PDF). First and Second China and Mongolia Divisions, Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. July 2013.
- ^ 《台灣史101問》,頁109
- ^ 《臺灣政治史》,頁62-63
- ^ "鄭氏時期總論". Archived from the original on June 29, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2014.
- )
- ^ See Toshio Watanabe, The Meiji Japanese Who Made Modern Taiwan (2022) online book review,
- ^ Cohen, J p. 50-56, Iriye, A. Cohen, W p. 21-34, Schonberger, H p. 275-285
- ^ "international payment and exchange - economics". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ "About the IMF: History: The end of the Bretton Woods System (1972–81)". Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ ERIC RAUCHWAY (November 13, 2015). "Bretton Woods System". The New York Times. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ "Nixon announces visit to communist China". HISTORY.com. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ "JAPAN IS ASSURING TAIWAN ON TRADE". NY Times. August 20, 1972.
- ^ Joint Communique of the Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China "3. The Government of the People's Republic of China reiterates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of the territory of the People's Republic of China. The Government of Japan fully understands and respects this stand of the Government of the People's Republic of China, and it firmly maintains its stand under Article 8 of the Postsdam Proclamation."
- passports stipulated in Article 2-5-2 of the Immigration Control and RefugeeRecognition Act
- ^ "Japan vice minister officially visits Taiwan".
- ^ "《TAIPEI TIMES 焦點》 High-level Japanese official visits - 焦點 - 自由時報電子報". March 25, 2017.
- ^ "Japan receives 2 million face masks donated by Taiwan to combat COVID-19". The Japan Times Online. Japan Times. April 21, 2020. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ^ "China defends ban on Taiwanese pineapple imports | NHK WORLD-JAPAN News". www3.nhk.or.jp. Archived from the original on March 17, 2021.
- ^ "Japanese help Taiwan run rings round pineapple ban".
- ^ Penn, Michael. "The politics of Japan's Taiwan vaccine donation". www.aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera. Retrieved June 11, 2021.
- ^ "外交部舉辦對日本援贈醫療物資啟運儀式". January 21, 2022.
- user-generated source]
- ^ @sugawitter (September 16, 2021). "台湾の皆さまへ台湾から日本への酸素濃縮器と血中酸素濃度計の供与に心から御礼申し上げます。日本と台湾は自然災害や感染症の脅威に向き合うたび、人道的見地から互いに助け合うことで友情を育んできました。台湾から頂く機材は、これらを必要…" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "菅義偉首相、酸素濃縮器など寄贈の台湾へ感謝のツイート…「謝謝台湾!」(スポーツ報知) - Yahoo!ニュース". news.yahoo.co.jp. Archived from the original on September 17, 2021.
- ^ a b Yang Ming-chu and Teng Pei-ju (July 7, 2022). "Taiwan's vice president attends funeral of ex-Japan leader Shinzo Abe". Focus Taiwan. Archived from the original on July 15, 2022.
- ^ Unclos+Annexes+Res.+Agreement
- ^ "Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission" (PDF). Iattc.org. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
- ^ "Overview - Convention & Related Agreements". Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ "中華民國外交部 - 全球資訊網 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan)". Archived from the original on May 24, 2013. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ "交流協會 臺北事務所 (中文)". Archived from the original on April 3, 2016. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ "中華民國外交部 - 全球資訊網 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan)". Archived from the original on December 6, 2013. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ "百年傳承 走出活路─中華民國外交史料特展_走出活路". August 9, 2011. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ "Sea Around Us - Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity". Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ "Sea Around Us - Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity". Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ "Sea Around Us - Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity". Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ "Japan fishing talks still on hold". June 22, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ "BBC NEWS - Asia-Pacific - Taiwan ship joins island dispute". June 21, 2005. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ "Taiwan continues to push for fishery talks with Japan". Focus Taiwan. June 21, 2012. Archived from the original on October 12, 2016. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ Taiwan activists enter Japan's contiguous zone : National : DAILY YOMIURI ONLINE (The Daily Yomiuri)
- ^ "Notice". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ Global Legal Monitor: Japan / Taiwan: Landmark Fishing Agreement | Global Legal Monitor | Law Library of Congress | Library of Congress. Loc.gov. Retrieved on August 16, 2013.
- ^ Taiwan and Japan reach fisheries agreement, jointly forge lasting peace in East China Sea. English.president.gov.tw (March 11, 2011). Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
- ^ Japan to let Taiwanese fish near the Senkakus. The Japan Times. Retrieved on August 16, 2013.
- ^ Japan, Taiwan agree on fishing rights around Senkakus - AJW by The Asahi Shimbun Archived May 22, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Ajw.asahi.com. Retrieved on August 16, 2013.
- ^ "ADB Institute (ADBI)". January 23, 2015.
- ^ "霞が関ビルディング|フロアガイド". Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ “Sino-Japanese Ties Still Chilly 1 Yr. After Kyoto Dorm Ruling” By Brian Covert, Japan Times, Osaka, Japan, February 26, 1988. https://inochi-life.net/archives_sino-japanese_ties.html
- ^ a b Annex 5: Supreme Court of Japan Judgment (March 27, 2007), reprinted in 25 Chinese (Taiwan) YB Int'l L. Aff. 139, 156-60 (2007)
- ^ Shih, Hsiu-chuan (March 13, 2011). "Taiwan offers NT$100m in aid, calls for public help". Taipei Times. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ Staff Writer, with CNA (March 16, 2011). "JAPAN DISASTER: Taiwanese post many messages of support". Taipei Times. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ Nat, Bellocchi (March 18, 2011). "How we can be a good neighbor to the Japanese". Taipei Times. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ a b Staff writer, with CNA (May 13, 2012). "Japanese cyclist rides round Taiwan to say 'thank you'". Taiwan News. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ a b c "Japanese school opens with Taiwanese help". Taiwan News. March 23, 2013. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ "Taiwan gives most in world to Japan". Taipei Times. April 17, 2011. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ "UPDATE1: Japan towns hit by 2011 quake launch fundraising for Taiwan". Kyodo News International, Inc. February 11, 2018. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ a b "Japanese thank Taiwan for generosity in newspaper ads". Kyodo News International, Inc. May 3, 2011. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ Shan, Shelley (May 4, 2011). "Thankful Japanese donates books". Taiwan News. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ "Japanese planning 'thank you' race with vintage cars". Taiwan News. November 16, 2013. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ Ko, Shu-ling (March 11, 2014). "Japanese in Taiwan hold event to remember victims, thank Taiwan". Kyodo News International, Inc. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ "Japan earthquake victims commemorated in Taipei". Taiwan News. March 12, 2014. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ "Japanese quake survivors to speak at Tamsui event". Taiwan News. March 9, 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ Staff writer, with CNA (December 19, 2014). "Japanese show thanks for relief aid with event - 'TOHOKU THANK YOU': The event to thank Taiwan for its tsunami relief aid is to feature Japanese music performances, food and costumes. It starts today". Taiwan News. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ a b "REFILING: Japanese in Taiwan mark 5th anniversary of quake, hail ties". Kyodo News International, Inc. March 11, 2016. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ Staff writer, with CNA. "Japan thanks nation at 2011 earthquake commemoration event". Taiwan News. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ O'DWYER, SHAUN (August 8, 2019). "Taiwan's democracy is worth defending". Japan Times. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ Hsieh, Wen-hua (March 12, 2012). "FEATURE: Taiwan draws Japanese tourists". Taiwan News. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ "Taiwan, feuding with China, gets vaccines from Japan". Associated Press. June 4, 2021.
- ^ "Taiwan's COVID-19 vaccine stocks more than doubled by Japan donation". Reuters. June 4, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
- ^ "'Thank you, Japan Airlines': Taiwan air traffic controller commends flight for bringing in vaccines |Appledaily". Apple Daily. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
- ^ "China condemns Japan offering vaccine to Taiwan | NHK WORLD-JAPAN News". NHK WORLD. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
- ^ "日本政府、台湾にワクチン30万回分提供 27日に輸送=6回目(中央社フォーカス台湾)". Archived from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
- ^ "多元文化社会与教育——日本华侨学校的困境与发展方向". Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ "國立暨南國際大學課程資訊網 NCNU Moodle 3.7" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 15, 2015. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 15, 2015. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "NCEE » The College Board – Advanced Placement Program". Archived from the original on March 29, 2016. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
Further reading
- Cohen, J 1973 The Dynamics of China's Foreign Relations, p. 50-56, Harvard University Press, Cambridge
- Dreyer, June Teufel. "The Japan-Taiwan Relationship: An Unstable Stability." Asia Policy 26.1 (2019): 161–166. online
- Iriye, A. and Cohen, W 1989 The United States and Japan in the Postwar World, p. 21-34, The University Press of Kentucky
- Hu, S. ‘Japan and the Cross-Taiwan Strait Conflict,’ Journal of Chinese Political Science, Vol. 11, No. 2 (Fall 2006): pp. 83–103.
- Schonberger, H 1989 Aftermath of War - Americans and the Remaking of Japan, 1945–1952, p. 275-285, The Kent State University Press,
- Watanabe, Toshio. 2022 The Meiji Japanese Who Made Modern Taiwan (2022); see online book review
- Wilkins, Thomas, 2012 "Taiwan-Japan Relations in an Era of Uncertainty" Asia Policy, Vol. 13, (January 2012), pp. 113–132.