Johann Ernst Hanxleden

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Johann Ernst Hanxleden
philologist
Notable work
  • Malayalam–Portuguese Dictionary
  • Malayalavyaakaranam
  • Sidharoopam

    • Johann Ernst Hanxleden (1681–1732), better identified as Arnos Pathiri, was a German

    Jesus Christ
    , Malayalam–Portuguese Dictionary, the first dictionary in Malayalam as well as two linguistic treatises, Malayalavyaakaranam and Sidharoopam.

    Early life

    Johann Ernst Hanxleden was born at

    Persia to reach Surat (of present-day Gujarat), India on 13 December 1700.[note 2] During the journey, he entered into a novitiate and proceeded to Goa where there was a large community of Jesuits.[4]

    In India

    Sampaloor Church
    St. Francis Xavier Forane Church, Velur founded by Arnos Pathiri

    After completing his spiritual formation (

    Thomas Christians of Kerala. He was ordained priest in 1706. In addition to his mother tongue German, and his mastery of Malayalam, he also had a good command over Latin, Syriac, Portuguese, Sanskrit, and Tamil.[1]

    After moving to

    Palayoor and Pazhuvil and it was at Pazhuvil he suffered a snake bite which resulted in his death on 20 March 1732, at the age of 51.[7] He was buried there but, later, when a memorial was built outside the church, his mortal remains were transferred to it; the memorial also houses a historical museum.[4]

    The church and his home in Velur have since been declared as a protected monument by the Government of Kerala.

    Metropolitan Archbishop of Thrissur from 1921 to 1942, used to stay at the Velur Forane Church for a few days during Lent so that he could sleep on the bed used by Arnos Paathiri and drink from the well dug during his times.[9]

    His life has been documented in many books; Arnos Pathiri - a Biography, written by A. Adappur, a Catholic priest[4] Arnos Pathiri, written by Mathew Ulakamthara[10] Arnos Pathiri - Jeevacharithram of N. K. Jos[11] and Arnos Padri, written by C. K. Mattam count among them.[12]

    Legacy

    Arnos Paathiri's oeuvre comprises poems, dictionaries and grammar books and two of his prominent literary works are Puthen Pana and Chathuranthyam.[13][14]

    Puthen Pana

    The

    Catholic) life in Kerala since the time of its composition; its paadhams are sung in a characteristic manner in Christian households on various solemn occasions, the most notable ones being Holy Thursday, Good Friday, and other days of Holy Week and Lent and evenings preceding funerals.[9][16] It is reported that he wrote Puthen Pana sitting by the well of Pazhuvil
    Forane church.

    The poem which follows a similar style to the noted work,

    Ascension (fourteenth). The first paadham has the poet telling us that the poem is being written on request from Antonio Pimental, the Archbishop of Cranganore; Pimental held the ecclesiastical office from 1721 to 1752, the poem is estimated to have been composed some time during the period 1721–1732.[16]

    Chathuranthyam

    The Chathuranthyam is a mystic poem on the four ends of man: Maranam, Vidhi, Moksham and Narakam parts of the poem are sung on occasions similar to the Puththenpaana recitals. While his poems are written works, they also have a strong oral tradition; many pious Christians learn his poetical works by heart for recitals.[17]

    Malayalam–Portuguese Dictionary

    Arnos Pathiri was the first to compile a Malayalam Dictionary and his lexicon described Malayalam words in both Sanskrit and Portuguese.[18]

    Others

    Pathiri was the first European to write a Sanskrit grammar Grammatica grandonica and also the first European to compose Sanskrit verse.[8] He also wrote a short and succinct grammar for the Malayalam language. Along with his predecessor, Heinrich Roth, he was one of the pioneering European Sanskrit scholars, and he has written several essays on Ramayana and Mahabharata, in Latin.[8] Marana Parvam, Vidhi Parvam, Moksha Parvam, Naraka Parvam, Umma Parvam, Misiha Charitham, and Jehova Parvam are some of his other works.[19]

    Arnos Padre Academy is an eponymous organization based in Velur, established in memory of Hanxleden[20] and the academy has taken steps to get his writings translated into English with the help of European scholars.[21]

    Selected works

    • Arnos Pathiri (1966). Puthan pana.
    • Chathuranthyam
    • Genevieva Punyacharithram
    • Ummaadaey Dhukhkham
    • Arnos Pathiri (1988). Malayalam Portuguese nighandu. Kerala Sahitya Academy.
    • Malayalavyaakaranam
    • Samskrutham – Portuguese Dictionary
    • Samskruthavyaakaranam
    • Ave Maris Stella
    • Arṇos Pāthir̲i; Rāghavan Piḷḷa, K. (1960). Koodāśappāna (in Malayalam). Thiruvananthapuraṃ: Ōr̲iental Mānuscr̲ipt̲s Library.
      OCLC 7276032
      .
    • Arnos Pathiri. Arnos Pathiriyude Padya Krithikal (PDF). Fr. S. Thermadam.
    • Arnos Pathiri (1931). Narakaparvam (PDF). Bharathavilasam Press and Book Depot.
    • Arnos Pathiri. Umaparvam (PDF). Bharathavilasam Press and Book Depot. p. 63.

    See also

    Notes

    1. ^ Some reports mention the year of birth as 1680.[2]
    2. ^ Franz Kaspar Schillinger, a doctor and fellow passenger later gave the account of this dangerous journey and reported that Weber and Meyr died during the transit.[3]
    3. ^ The remains of the seminary where Hanxleden did his priestly studies in Sampaloor and the church are preserved as a historical monument at St. Francis Xavier's Church, Sampaloor. The word Sampallor has got its origin from 'san-paul-ur', means land of St. Paul. It was the Jesuit priests who have given this name to this land which is called as Ambazhakad to commemorate St. Paul the Apostle of Jesus who travelled at length from middle East to the western Europe to preach the Gospel. It is also assumed that Jesuits had great reverence to Pope Paul III who approved the Plan of St. Ignatius of Lyola to form a congregation by name "Society of Jesus"in 1540 by the bull "Formula of the Institute".[4]

    References

    1. ^ a b "Arnos Padre commemoration". The Hindu. 17 March 2010. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
    2. ^ "Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal". Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal. 19 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
    3. ^ a b Vijayakrishnan, K. (23 October 2018). "Arnos Pathiri: The German Jesuit Who Compiled A Sanskrit Grammar Book". Madras Courier. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
    4. ^ a b c d e Pradeep, K. (7 August 2015). "The times and life of Arnos Paathiri". The Hindu. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
    5. ^ "Sampaloor Church at Thrissur". Kerala Tourism. 19 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
    6. ^ "Rich tributes paid to Arnos Padre". The Hindu. 21 March 2010. Archived from the original on 30 March 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
    7. ^ "Remembering the man who wrote 'Puthen Pana'". india.ucanews.com. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
    8. ^ a b c "Sanskrit work: 300-year-old Sanskrit work by German released in Belgium". The Times of India. 14 April 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
    9. ^ a b c "Set Puthen Pana to new tunes: Minister". The Hindu. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
    10. OCLC 17608738
      .
    11. OCLC 13121660
      .
    12. ^ Arnose Padri. C. K. Mattam: C. K. Mattam. 1957.
    13. ^ "List of works". Kerala Sahitya Akademi. 19 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
    14. ISBN 978-81-260-1803-1
      .
    15. ^ "Velur church and Arnos Pathiri". malayalam.webdunia.com. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
    16. ^ a b c "Choreography on 'Puthenpana' staged". The Hindu. 22 January 2007. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
    17. ^ Jose T L (1998). Arnospathiriyude chathuranthyam oru vimarshanatmaka padanam. Kalady: Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit.
    18. ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Johann Ernest Hanxleden". www.newadvent.org. 19 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
    19. ^ "Arnos Pathiri and Malayalam Literature". Christianity. 19 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
    20. ^ "Arnos Padiri Academy - Offitial Website". www.arnosacademy.com. 19 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
    21. ^ "Academy to translate Arnos Pathiri's works to English". www.deccanchronicle.com. 14 January 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2019.

    Further reading

    • Ferroli, D (1939). The Jesuits in Malabar. Bangalore: King & Co.
      OCLC 612088429
      .
    • P. J. Thomas: Malayalasaahithyavum Kristhyaanikalum, D. C. Books, Kottayam, 1989.
    • M. Mundadan, An Unknown Oriental Scholar: Ernest Hanxleden, Indian Church History Review 23 (1989) 39–63.
    • J. J. Pallath, Ed.: Arnos Padiri: the first Malayalam poet scholar orientalist, Arnos Padiri publications, Calicut, 1994.
    • Joseph J. Palackal, Puthen Pana: A musical study, Master's thesis, Hunter college of the City university of New York, 1995, Christian Musicological Society of India.
    • Jose, T. L. (1998). "A Critical Study of Arnos Pathiri's Chathuranthyam". Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit (in Malayalam). Retrieved 19 April 2019.

    External links

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