Joseph Martin (general)
Joseph Martin, Jr. (1740–1808) was a
Martin was born in Caroline County, Virginia, and later lived at Albemarle County and then at Henry County, Virginia, at his plantation, Belmont, on Leatherwood Creek in Martinsville, not far from the plantation of his friend Governor Patrick Henry, Leatherwood Plantation.
General Martin held many positions during his public life. As a very young man he first tried his hand at farming, next he worked for three years as an overseer on the huge plantation of his local Virginia kin, next he was a longhunter, and an explorer on the frontier for friend Patrick Henry, then an early pioneer and builder of Martin's Station in the "wild west," a surveyor of the KY/NC and TN/VA borders, an Indian agent/Indian fighter for Patrick Henry, a member at peace treaties with the Indians, and along with Dr. Thomas Walker, Joseph Martin named the Cumberland region and the Cumberland River, he served as a member of the legislatures of Virginia, Georgia, and North Carolina, he was lifelong friends with Gen. Thomas Sumter, he was also friends and brothers-in-law with Col. Benjamin Cleveland (both married Graves sisters), he was unsuccessfully nominated by Patrick Henry to the position of the first governor of the Southwest Territory, was the holder of some 80,000 acres across the Southeastern U.S. at one point. The city of Martinsville, Virginia, was named in his honor during his lifetime.
Early life
The son of planter Capt. Joseph Martin Sr. and his wife Susannah Chiles,
Joseph Martin Sr. was "a perfect Englishman", recalled his grandson later, "large and athletic; bold, daring, self-willed and
But Joseph Martin Jr., the grandson of the English immigrant, was not cut out for a Virginia gentry planter's life. "Gambling was a favorite pastime." Martin's son, Revolutionary War officer Col. William Martin, in his accounts of his father's life in the, "Lyman Draper Manuscript Collection," writes that although his father gambled, he was not much of a drinker and let his son in on his secret; Martin sometimes pretended to over-drink so he might appear to be drunk in order that fellow gamblers would let down their guard. As a youth, Joseph Martin ran off from an apprenticeship during the French and Indian War of 1756, and joined the army at Fort Pitt, where he served alongside another Virginia youth, Thomas Sumter.[10] Following his early army service, Martin lit out for the rigors of the frontier, where he dressed in buckskin and was an early real estate speculator, trapper and fur trader and Indian fighter.[note 3] But this time on the frontier was after Martin had bought a large plot of land in Henry County with his earnings working for three years as an overseer for an uncle. Martin also gained 20,000 acres of land from Patrick Henry in a surveying contest at Powell Valley. Martin's youthful adventures on the frontier were grist for later stories... some of which were written by Martin's political foes and were slanted to paint a picture of him in an unkind light. One writer, a fan of Martin's political enemy, called him lazy and refused to describe him by his military ranking. General Joseph Martin may have been many things in his lifetime, but a quick study of his history and his accomplishments show that he was far from lazy. Eventually the soldiering, trapping and Indian fighting transformed the young Martin into a fearsome explorer.
Among Martin's earliest excursions on the frontier was one made on behalf of family friend Dr. Thomas Walker. Martin's son, Revolutionary War officer Col. William Martin, describes the naming of the area and the river in a letter to historian Lyman Draper, "A treaty with the Cherokees was held at Fort Chiswell, Virginia on New River, then a frontier. On the return of the chiefs home, Dr.[Thomas] Walker, a gentleman of distinction, and my father, [General] Joseph Martin, accompanied them. The Indians being guides, they passed through the place now called Cumberland Gap, where they discovered a fine spring. They still had a little rum remaining, and they drank to the health of the Duke of Cumberland. This gave rise to the name of Cumberland Mountain and Cumberland River."[12]
In 1769, Martin journeyed to
But in the foray to Powell's Valley, Martin had established his credentials as a hard-bitten explorer.
By 1775, when North Carolina merchant
Martin's Station
Martin's Station stood along the Wilderness Trail near Rose Hill, Virginia. Martin arrived in Powell Valley in 1769, having been offered a grant by Dr. Thomas Walker of 21,000 acres. Martin constructed "improvements" upon the land, that being a few cabins and a corn planting, but Martin's party was attacked by the local Native Americans. He returned a few years later in 1775 and built a new "Martin's station". Again he was attacked by the Indians and had to leave. Moving closer to the Cumberland Gap, he built another new "Martin's Station", his third, in 1783. The small fort provided protection plus supplies for hunters and immigrant families moving into Kentucky. He was able to finally sell his fort and lands in Powell County, Kentucky in 1788, and moved back to the town in Henry County, Virginia, that would soon be renamed in his honor: Martinsville.
A "fourth" Martin's Station was recently constructed at the Wilderness Road State Park. "Builders of the hand-hewn log replica, constructed in 2002, used only the kinds of tools that Martin would have used in the wild frontier in the later 1700s. Workers carted logs into the construction site with oxen and then used ropes and horses to set those logs in place. At times, reenactors came on the scene and made the construction yet more authentic by staging spontaneous Indian attacks."[24]
Life along the frontier
"Martin was a robust figure in the history of the early frontier," according to the WPA guide to the Old Dominion. "He was born in Albemarle County in 1740, ran away to fight Indians at 17, became an Indian agent, land agent, and officer of militia, fighting Indians all up and down the frontier. In 1774 he came to Henry County, established himself at Belle Monte on Leatherwood Creek, for nine years sat for his district in the general assembly, and in 1793 was made a brigadier general of state militia. He was a brawny, picturesque man, more than six feet tall and the father of 18 children; wore buckled knee breeches and a great beard, braided and thrust inside his shirt."[25]
Martin first married Sarah Lucas in Orange County, Virginia.[26] After her death in Henry County, Martin married Susannah Graves, a descendant of
On November 3, 1777, Martin was commissioned by Governor Patrick Henry as Agent and Superintendent for Indian Affairs for the State of Virginia. (Martin served in the same capacity with the state of North Carolina from 1783 to 1789.[31]) Gov. Henry instructed Martin that he was "to reside at some place in that Nation in order to negotiate and direct all things relating to the Commonwealth and which concern the interest thereof, using your best endeavors from time to time to preserve peace with that Nation and to cultivate their present good Disposition." It was an appointment Martin would continue to hold until 1789.[32]
During his time on the frontier, Martin became acquainted at an early age with two other Revolutionary War patriots and frontiersmen: Benjamin Cleveland, who was his brother-in-law, [They were not related, just lifetime friends. Susannah Graves, the wife of Joseph Martin and Mary Graves the wife of Benjamin Cleveland were second cousins, common ancestor Capt. Thomas Graves. <\ref> Wills of Joseph Graves, Thomas Graves and Benjamin Graves. Grace S. Green] Cleveland having married the sister of Susannah Graves; and Thomas Sumter, who had been a companion of Martin's during his early adventures on the frontier. Both men were fellow Virginia natives who struck out for the wilds, and both were ardent patriots.[33][34]
During the Revolutionary War it was the efforts of Joseph Martin (then a Major) that helped prevent the Overhill Cherokee from launching widespread attacks on American colonists, which Loyalist agents had attempted to incite.[35] Following the British capture of Savannah and Augusta, Georgia in 1778–1779, English goods made their way to the Cherokee on the Savannah River, prompting some tribesmen to rejoin the English cause.[36]
Martin's diplomacy with the Cherokees in 1780–81, wrote the American Historical Association, enabled the
At the same time – and complicating Martin's legacy – Martin and his sons were prime movers behind the settlement of Tennessee by removing obdurate Cherokees from the territory.[6]
By the end of the Revolution, Martin's place as chief colonial Indian agent seemed secure. In January 1780,
Later, in a twist overlooked by most historians, Martin corresponded with
"General Martin's conduct so far as I could discern in that affair was really praise-worthy," Henry wrote to
General Martin and Governor Patrick Henry kept a long-running correspondence through the years, some of which concerned real estate speculation. Other letters recounted Martin's dealings with the Indian tribes, as well as settlement efforts in Tennessee.[46] As late as 1790, Patrick Henry wrote Joseph Martin concerning a real estate investment, holding out that the hope, Henry noted, that Martin might finally capitalize on his long service to Virginia. "After all the Hazards you have run," Henry wrote, "that you have not acquired so much property as many others would have done in your situation, I was desirous to throw something in your way by which some fine lands would have been offered to you in our purchase."[45]: 409
Career as an Indian agent
Ultimately, General Martin lost his appointment as chief Indian agent. Martin's "manner of treating with the Indians necessarily prevented his appointment," Senator Richard Henry Lee informed Patrick Henry in September 1789. "At present no such office as a standing Indian agent is appointed. The Government of the Western Territory is charged with such affairs."[45]: 404
In some quarters Martin was seen as too lenient with the Indians, especially after an incident in 1786
But Martin himself had not hesitated to wield military power against the Cherokees, especially when they killed several colonists at the instigation of Loyalist and English agents during the Revolution. In 1781, following a running battle between Indian forces and those of the colonists,
But having eventually struck a hard-won peace with the tribes, Martin bridled at the actions of the State of Franklin. Henry empathized with Martin, writing the General in May 1785 that "the disorderly behavior of the Franklin people, as they call themselves, gives me concern. If they will not be subservient to the Rules and Regulations respecting Indian affairs, which prevail in all the States, they must expect none of the advantages of the Union."[note 12]
"Partisans of the State in N[orth] Carolina afterwards found him obnoxious to their views," former Governor Henry wrote Virginia Senator William Grayson in urging Martin's reappointment in 1789, "and as I believe often endangered his Life For his duty called him to discourage their Disorderly conduct [and] thwart their favorite Schemes." Henry then commended Martin for his efforts to impose restraints upon the actions of the State of Franklin settlers, whose "frequent Butcherys of Indians & Refinement in cruelty sufficiently characterize these people who are Mr Martins decided Foes."[51]
Martin's attempts to restrain the State of Franklin settlers from a more-belligerent course made Martin unacceptable in some quarters, where he was seen as too 'soft' on the tribesmen.[52] Martin also became controversial in some quarters after the Treaty of Hopewell in 1785, when Martin, Andrew Pickens and Benjamin Hawkins, acting as government agents, concluded treaties with the Cherokees and the Choctaws. The Cherokee treaty particularly engendered later enmity from the Indian signatories, as well as the colonial state governments. The Indians saw the treaty as a thinly-veiled land grab, and the state governments saw the treaty as an attempt to encroach on local government authority, and attempts were made in Congress to void it. "No action of Martin's life brought down on him more condemnation than this [the Hopewell Treaty]," wrote historian Stephen B. Weeks of the incident.[53]
Consequently, his appointment as agent was not renewed, despite Henry's repeated entreaties to political allies for Martin's reinstatement. (In a 1789 letter to Senator William Grayson, Henry reminded his political ally that Martin had been so effective in his Indian dealings during the Revolutionary War that British agents had offered rewards to their Indian allies for Martin's scalp.[51])
But the forces allied against Martin overwhelmed Henry's defense, and in 1789, his career as Indian agent finished, General Martin sold his large holdings in the
Later Judgments on Martin's career as an Indian agent have been mixed. Writing in 1894, Theodore Roosevelt called Martin "a firm friend of the red race, [who] had earnestly striven to secure justice for them."[57]
Legislative service
In his peripatetic life on the frontier, Martin was called upon to serve in the legislatures of several states. He served as a member of the
Martin was also initially a member of the Watauga Association, which supported the founding of the State of Franklin. Martin subsequently resigned his membership when he saw that it might compromise his role as Indian agent.
In 1799, Martin and his old friend Major John Redd of Henry County served as the two county representatives on the Virginia commission relating to the Alien and Sedition Acts.[60]
Family life, legacy, and descendants
Gen. Joseph Martin, Jr.'s first wife was Sarah Lucas. They were both born in Virginia and together had seven children, including Revolutionary War officer, Col. William L. Martin, who eventually moved to Smith County, in Middle Tennessee.
After Sarah Lucas Martin's death, Joseph Martin, Jr. married Susannah Graves in Henry County, Virginia. They had 11 children, all of whom were born in Virginia, including: Col. Joseph Martin of Henry County, Va. He was one of five of Gen. Martin's sons who served in the War of 1812.
Another Martin son, and veteran of the War of 1812, was Patrick Henry Martin. He was a young, trained lawyer, and died a bachelor on his trip home after the war. He was named in honor of Gen. Martin's friend and neighbor, Governor Patrick Henry. Gen. Martin's son, Capt. Lewis Graves Martin, also a veteran of the War of 1812, moved from Henry County, Virginia to Rutherford/Cannon County in Middle Tennessee, in 1816, where he married Belinda Rucker (daughter of Gideon Rucker, Sr. & Joyce Reade; both of whom were born in Va. and moved to Middle Tennessee). They had a large family before Belinda's death in the late 1830s. Capt. Lewis G. Martin remarried and removed to Missouri in 1840. Another Martin son, and veteran of the War of 1812, was Thomas Martin. He also moved to Middle Tennessee where he married Georgia Carr (daughter of Dabney Carr). Alexander Martin, another son and veteran of the War of 1812, also moved to Middle Tennessee. He married Elizabeth Carr (daughter of John Fyndall Carr, also a Tennessean from Virginia), and after some years, moved to Missouri. Another son of Gen. Martin and Susannah Graves was Esq. Judge John C. Martin, who also moved to Middle Tennessee in the days following the War of 1812, where he became a judge and chairman of the Cannon County courts, and served five terms as county executive. He was also responsible for the construction of the original Cannon County court house, erected in 1830. He married Sophia Rucker, sister to his brother Lewis' wife, Belinda.
Other children of Gen. Martin include: George Martin (1763 - 1799), Martha Martin Cleveland, Elizabeth Martin Waller (1768 - 1805), Brice Martin (1770 - 1856), Jesse Martin (1786 - 1836), and Susan Martin King (1799 - 1867).
Gen. Martin also had two children with his half-Cherokee, common law wife ("frontier wife"), Elizabeth Ward, daughter of frontiersman Bryant Ward and his wife Nancy, "the beloved woman of the Cherokee." One of their children may have been Nancy Martin Hildebrand (1778 - 1837).
The Native Indian connection of two members of the Martin family has created some confusion for some Martin genealogy researchers; Gen. Joseph Martin's brother, Capt. John "Jack" Calvin Martin, Sr., of his N.C. Rock House Plantation, a.k.a. Rock Castle Plantation, is often confused with his brother Gen. Joseph Martin. Capt. John "Jack" Martin, Sr. moved from Virginia to N.C. with his brother William Martin, Sr.. In N.C. Capt. John "Jack" Martin, Sr. married a Miss Emory, who was half Native American. She died early in their marriage. Her widower, "Jack," then married her sister, a second Miss Emory. This same Capt. John "Jack" Martin, Sr. and his Emory wife were the parents of a John Calvin Martin, Jr. who served as a judge on the supreme court of the Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma, although he was only 1/4 Cherokee. This Oklahoma judge was the older cousin of the Tennessee judge of the same name; the son of Gen. Joseph Martin and wife Susannah Graves, as mentioned earlier; Esq. Judge, John C. Martin of Tennessee. There were two Martin cousins with the same name who both served as judges. Although they were born many miles and many years apart, their identities are sometimes confused by modern researchers looking at the names alone.
Another brother of Gen. Joseph Martin, William Martin, Sr., was the father of Gen. William "Buck" Martin, Jr., who served in the War of 1812 on Andrew Jackson's staff.
Gen. Martin, after helping adjudicate the western boundary line between North Carolina, Kentucky, and Virginia as far as the Cumberland Mountains, retired to his plantation Belmont on Leatherwood Creek, which he had purchased in 1796 from Benjamin Harrison V of Berkeley Plantation, which was originally built by a Capt. John Martin who was possibly the great-uncle of General Joseph Martin. General Joseph Martin died at his plantation on December 18, 1808, and was buried there in the family cemetery.[61][62] Buried in the family graveyard are three other Joseph Martins: Colonel Joseph Martin, son of the general, his son Joseph, and his grandson Joseph, who lived at Greenwood plantation.[63]
Initially known as Henry Courthouse, the town of
Martin's descendants include his second eldest son Col. William Martin,
Toby's freedom
General Joseph Martin, Jr.
Recent monument
On June 27–29, 2008, 200 descendants of General Joseph Martin gathered in the city named for him to unveil a monument in his honor, at the Gen. Joseph Martin, Jr. Bicentennial Celebration.[78]
See also
- Martinsville, Virginia
- Cumberland Gap
- Patrick Henry
- Rose Hill, Lee County, Virginia
- Battle of Kings Mountain
- Wilderness Road
- Wilderness Road State Park
- Thomas Sumter
- Benjamin Cleveland
- Richard Henderson (jurist)
- Treaty of Hopewell
Notes
- ^ The Martin family of Virginia claims descent from the Martins of Withy Bush House, Prendergast, Pembrokeshire, Wales.[2]
- ^ Although Joseph Martin inherited from his father over 300 acres of land as well as a half-interest in a plantation on a tributary of the Potomac River that Joseph Martin Sr. held jointly with Col. Francis Warner of Essex County, the son elected to dress in buckskin and spend his time inland on the frontier.[11]
- ^ Born in Caroline County, Virginia, Mordecai Hord was also an early settler of Henry County, where he settled on his plantation named Hordsville. Hord owned 'vast tracts of land' in Powell's Valley, which he explored along with Joseph Martin.[14] The two shared many of the same friends, including Patrick Henry, an executor of Hord's will along with Hord's brother-in-law Col. George Waller, married to Henry's first cousin Ann Winston (Carr) Waller.[15]
- ^ Other historians have attributed the failure of the early settlement to the resistance of the Cherokee tribe to this earliest incursion.[18]
- ^ In exchange for acting as agent for the Transylvania colony, Martin was granted by founder Henderson preferential rights to Martin's land claim in Powell Valley.[21]
- ^ An experienced longhunter and Indian trader, Martin continued to traffic in skins as late as 1781, when two Native Americans attempting to deliver skins to Martin at his Long Island settlement were slain by colonists.[23]
- ^ But despite his misgivings over his father's polygamous relationship, Col. William Martin was still moved to say that Betsy's Ward's mother Nancy Ward was "one of the most superior women I ever saw."[28]
- ^ The previous year, in April 1785, Patrick Henry first warned Joseph Martin that the encroachment of settlers of the secessionist State of Franklin, by usurping Cherokee lands without payment, was upsetting arrangements previously reached between the state of Virginia and the tribe.[47]
- Privy Council, but Martin wrote Henry that he had rejected the post, thinking that it would conflict with his duties as a Virginia agent to the Indians.[48]
- ^ Campbell County, Tennessee was named for Virginia legislator Arthur Campbell.
- ^ Henry, Martin and others saw the conduct of the State of Franklin settlers, who urged secession from the new union, as endangering much of what had been accomplished on the frontier. They also saw it in economic terms as driving a wedge between the newly created states and perhaps encouraging encroachment by the always-feared Spanish interests, especially on the Mississippi and in the western territories. As large land speculators, this fear was probably uppermost in the minds of many Virginia gentry.[47]
- United States Senator from Virginia William Grayson in 1789.[54]
References
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- ^ Document file: Mayors of Bristol since 1216.pdf (June 29, 2011). "Mayors of Bristol since 1216, Bristol City Council". Bristol.gov.uk. Archived from the original on May 3, 2012. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
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- ^ Bruce, Philip Alexander; Stanard, William Glover (May 1, 2009). Biographical Sketch of General Joseph Martin, By His Son, Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va., 1903. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ Woods, Edgar (1901). Albemarle County in Virginia: Giving Some Account of What It Was by Nature, Edgar Woods, The Michie Company, Charlottesville, Va., 1901. Michie Company, printers. p. 263. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
hammack albemarle county virginia.
- ^ "General Joseph Martin, Lawrence J. Fleenor, Jr., Daniel Boone Wilderness Trail". Danielboonetrail.com. June 1, 1980. Archived from the original on September 20, 2010. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ The Magazine of History with Notes and Queries, Vol. VIII, William Abbatt (ed.), New York, 1908. October 10, 2007. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ "Ancestry® | Genealogy, Family Trees & Family History Records".
- ^ Mills, Jarrod (December 3, 2019). "HEART OF THE BLUEGRASS: Replica cabin in Barbourville honors first log cabin built in Kentucky". Richmond Register. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
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- ^ Hord, Arnold Harris (1903). Thomas Hord, Gentleman: Born in England, 1701, Died in Virginia, 1766; a Supplement to the Genealogy of the Hord Family. Philadelphia?. p. 21.
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- ^ A Short History of Martin's Station, Wilderness Road State Park, martinsstation.com Archived July 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
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- ^ McElroy, Robert Mcnutt (1909). "Kentucky in the Nations's History".
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- ^ Tennis, Joe. Along Virginia's Route 58: True Tales from Beach to Bluegrass. 2015. Pages 237-238.
- ISBN 9781603540452. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ Meriwether, Colyer (May 16, 2006). Major John Redd's Sketch of General Joseph Martin, Publications of the Southern History Association, Southern History Association, Washington, D.C., 1903. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ Smith, David Ray (1998). "Nancy Ward (1738–1822) Last Beloved Woman of the Cherokee". The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
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- ^ An Unsung Hero of the Virginia Frontier, Dr. William Allen Pusey, The Filson Club, February 3, 1936, geocities.com
- ^ Ashe, Samuel A'Court (September 7, 2005). Biographical History of North Carolina from Colonial Times to the Present, Vol. 2, Samuel A'Court Ashe, C. L. Van Noppen, Greensboro, N.C., 1905. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ISBN 9780195344639. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ Starr, Emmet (October 1, 2004). History of the Cherokee Indians and Their Legends and Folk Lore, Emmet Starr, The Warden Company, Oklahoma City, 1921. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ISBN 9780521475693. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ Meriwether, Colyer (November 21, 2007). Letter from Nathaniel Greene to Joseph Martin, William Christian, William Preston, Arthur Campbell, Robert Sevier, Evan Shelby, Joseph Williams, John Sevier, 26 February 1781, Publications of the Southern History Association, Vol. VIII, Colyer Meriwether (ed.), Published by the Association, Washington, D. C., 1908. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ISBN 9780932807915. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ George Rogers Clark (1912). James Alton James (ed.). George Rogers Clark Papers, 1771–1781. Springfield, Illinois: Illinois State Historical Library. p. 385. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
joseph martin thomas jefferson.
- ^ Summers, Lewis Preston (1903). History of Southwest Virginia, 1746–1786, Washington County, 1777–1870, Lewis Preston Summers, J. L. Hill Printing Company, Richmond, Virginia, 1903. J. L. Hill Printing Company. p. 278. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
'DANIEL BOONE JOSEPH MARTIN'.
- ^ "Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Joseph Martin, 24 January 1780, Jefferson and the Roots of Lewis and Clark, University of Nebraska-Lincoln". Jeffersonswest.unl.edu. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ "Historic and Historical Archaeological Resources of the Cherokee Trail of Tears, National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2012. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ Martin, Joseph. "Letter, 1788 Nov. 8, Tugoloe [i.e., Tugaloo] to Alexander McGillory [i.e., McGillivray]". Southeastern Native American Documents, 1730-1842. Digital Library of Georgia. Retrieved May 17, 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Henderson, Archibald (1920). The Conquest of the Old Southwest: The Romantic Story of the Early Pioneers Into Virginia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, and Kentucky, 1740–1790, Archibald Henderson, The Century Company, New York, 1920. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ ISBN 978-0548121900. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
- ^ Meriwether, Colyer (May 16, 2006). Letters from Joseph Martin to Patrick Henry, Publications of the Southern History Association, Vol. VI, Published by the Association, Washington, D.C., 1902. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ a b Henry, William Wirt (1891). Patrick Henry; Life, Correspondence and Speeches. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 409.
joseph martin patrick henry.
- ^ Jameson, John Franklin; Bourne, Henry Eldridge; Schuyler, Robert Livingston (1903). "The American Historical Review".
- ^ Summers, Lewis Preston (1903). History of Southwest Virginia, 1746–1786, Washington County, 1777–1870, Lewis Preston Summers, J. L. Hill Printing Company, Richmond, Virginia, 1903. J. L. Hill Printing Company. p. 278. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
'DANIEL BOONE JOSEPH MARTIN'.
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- ^ a b The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. XIV-No. 1, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia, 1906. May 1, 2009. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ Martin, Joseph. "[Letter] 1785 Sept. 19, Chotee [i.e., Chota ?] to Gov[ernor of North Carolina, Richard] Caswell". Southeastern Native American Documents, 1730-1842. Digital Library of Georgia. Retrieved May 17, 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Ashe, Samuel A'Court (September 7, 2005). Joseph Martin, Stephen B. Weeks, Biographical History of North Carolina from Colonial Times to the Present, Vol. II, Samuel A'Court Ashe (ed.), Charles L. Van Noppen Publisher, Greensboro, N.C., 1905. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ "The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography". 1906.
- ^ "General Joseph Martin, A Forgotten Pioneer, 1740–1808, Gordon Aronhime, Southwest Virginia Historical Society, ancestry.com". Rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ISBN 9780870496479. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ Roosevelt, Theodore (1894). The Winning of the West: The founding of the trans-Alleghany commonwealths, 1784-1790. G.P. Putnam's sons. p. 321.
general joseph martin knox.
- ^ Summers, Lewis Preston (1903). History of Southwest Virginia, 1746–1786, Washington County, 1777–1870, Lewis Preston Summers, J. L. Hill Printing Company, Richmond, Virginia, 1903. J. L. Hill Printing Company. p. 278. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
'DANIEL BOONE JOSEPH MARTIN'.
- ^ "Biography of Joseph Martin, General Joseph Martin Chapter, Tennessee Society of the Sons of the American Revolution". Josephmartinchapter.org. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
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- ^ Bruce, Philip Alexander; Stanard, William Glover (May 1, 2009). Reminiscences of Western Virginia, Major John Redd, The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VII, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va., 1899. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ The Martin Family Cemetery on Belmont(e) Plantation, geocities.com
- ISBN 9780788421440. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ISBN 9780788423024. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ Library, State Historical Society of Wisconsin (October 4, 2006). Descriptive List of Manuscripts Collections of the State Historical Society of. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ Meriwether, Colyer (November 26, 2007). Publications of the Southern History Association, Vol. IV, Published by the Association, Washington, D.C. 1900. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ William Martin, The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography, Vol. VII, James T. White & Company, New York, 1897. June 17, 2008. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ "Col. William Martin, rootsweb.com". Rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ "Col. William Martin Cemetery, Cato, Trousdale County, Tennessee, ancestry.com". Rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ISBN 9780788423024. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ Summers, Lewis Preston (1903). History of Southwest Virginia, 1746–1786, Washington County, 1777–1870, Lewis Preston Summers, J. L. Hill Printing Company, Richmond, Virginia, 1903. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ "The History of Memorial Hospital". Martinsvillehospital.org. Archived from the original on August 29, 2009. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ Bruce, Philip Alexander; Stanard, William Glover (May 1, 2009). A Biographical Sketch of General Joseph Martin, Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Virginia Historical Society, Vol. VIII, Printed by William Ellis Jones, Richmond, Virginia, 1901. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ Lucy Henderson Horton, Mrs (November 1, 2007). Family History Compiled by Lucy Henderson Horton, Press of the News, Franklin, Tennessee, 1922. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ Lucy Henderson Horton, Mrs (November 1, 2007). Family History Compiled by Lucy Henderson Horton, Press of the News, Franklin, Tennessee, 1922. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ Lucy Henderson Horton, Mrs (November 1, 2007). Family History Compiled by Lucy Henderson Horton, Press of the News, Franklin, Tennessee, 1922. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ Meriwether, Colyer (November 26, 2007). Publications of the Southern History Association, Vol. IV, Published by the Association, Washington, D. C., 1900. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ "Monument placed in Martin's honor, The Martinsville Bulletin, June 29, 2008". Martinsvillebulletin.com. June 29, 2008. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
Further reading
- Brig. General Joseph Martin, Carol Gehrs Mitchell, C. G. Mitchell, 1998
- General Joseph Martin and the War of the Revolution in the West, Stephen Beauregard Weeks, Contributor Samuel Cole Williams, Published by G.P.O., 1894
- Joseph Martin and the Southern Frontier, Denise Pratt Morrison, Womack Press, 1976
- The Wilderness Road, Robert L. Kinkaid, Kessinger Publishing LLC, 2008, ISBN 1-4367-1070-7
- General Joseph Martin, An Unsung Hero of the Virginia Frontier, William Allen Pusey, Filson Club History Quarterly 10, April 1936
External links
- General Joseph Martin, speech by Robert L. Hughes, General Joseph Martin Chapter, Tennessee Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, josephmartinchapter.org
- A Biographical Sketch of General Joseph Martin, by His Son, Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va., 1901
- General Joseph Martin, by John Redd, Publications of the Southern History Association, Published by the Association, Washington, D.C., 1903
- Reminiscences of Western Virginia: General Joseph Martin, John Redd, The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VII, October 1899, The Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va., 1899
- Martin's Station, Kentuckyexplorer.com
- A Short History of the Wilderness Road WildernessRoadHistory.pdf Archived January 13, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
- Murders in the Cumberland Gap, Papers of the War Department, 1784–1800, Center for History and New Media, National Historical Publications and Records Commission Archived November 6, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- General Joseph Martin, Martinsville-Henry County Historical Society
- General Joseph Martin, Papers of the War Department, 1784–1800, Center for History and New Media, George Mason University Archived June 14, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- General Joseph Martin, Lawrence J. Fleenor Jr., Daniel Boone Wilderness Trail Historical Site
- Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Joseph Martin, Envisaging the West, Thomas Jefferson and the Roots of Lewis and Clark
- Martin, Joseph. "Letter, 1788 Nov. 8, Tugoloe [i.e., Tugaloo] to Alexander McGillory [i.e., McGillivray] / J. Martin". Southeastern Native American Documents, 1730-1842. Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, The University of Georgia Libraries, Digital Library of Georgia. Retrieved February 21, 2018.[permanent dead link]