Julian Ochorowicz
Julian Ochorowicz | |
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spiritualism, telepathy | |
Notable ideas | ideoplastia |
Julian Leopold Ochorowicz (Polish pronunciation:
Life
Julian Ochorowicz was the son of Julian and Jadwiga,
He studied
Returning to Warsaw, in 1874-75 he was
In 1882 he was sent to Paris, France, where he spent several years. Later, from 1907, he would be co-director of the Institut General Psychologique.
Returning to Warsaw, from 1900 Ochorowicz was president of Kasa Literacka (The Literary Fund). He published
Ochorowicz was a pioneer of
. His most popular works included Wstęp i pogląd ogólny na filozofię pozytywną (An Introduction to, and Overview of, Positive Philosophy, 1872) and Jak należy badać duszę? (How Study the Soul?, 1869).Ochorowicz the poet published in Przegląd Tygodniowy (The Weekly Review) under the pen name "Julian Mohort". He wrote the poem, "Naprzód" ("Onward", 1873), regarded as the Polish Positivists' manifesto.
Ochorowicz, a trained philosopher with a doctorate from the
He experimented with microphones and with apparatus for sending sound and light over distances, and so is regarded a precursor of radio and television.
In 1877 Ochorowicz elaborated a concept for a monochromatic television, to be constructed as a screen comprising bulbs that would convert transmitted images into groups of light points. In 1878 he published an article "O możności zbudowania przyrządu do przesyłania obrazów optycznych na dowolną odległość" ("On the Possibility of Constructing an Instrument for Transmitting Visual Images at a Distance") which predicted the basic principle of television.[4][5]
In 1885, on several occasions, he demonstrated his own improved telephones. In Paris he connected the Ministry of Posts and Telegraph building with the Paris Opera, 4 kilometers distant.[6] Ochorowicz received a French patent for his technology (168,569. Brevet de quinze ans , 29 avril 1885 ; docteur Ochorowicz, à Paris , boulevard Saint-Germain , nº 24. - Système téléphonique reproduisant la parole à voie haute.), and Bruno Abakanowicz produced Ochorowicz's telephones for some 20 years.[7][4]
At the
Ochorowicz conducted experiments at a psychological laboratory that he established at Wisła, Poland.
Prus
Julian Ochorowicz was a former
Also in 1893, Ochorowicz introduced Prus to the
Ochorowicz hosted Palladino in Warsaw from November 1893 to January 1894. Regarding the phenomena demonstrated at Palladino's
After Ochorowicz's wife left him, he decided to make some changes in his life: he bought a piece of land at Wisła in Poland's mountains, built himself a villa as well as four additional houses for tourists, and proceeded to live on the rentals.[15]
About 20 June 1900, Prus and his household arrived to visit. In July Prus traveled to nearby Kraków, where until the beginning of September he underwent treatments for his multifarious medical complaints by an ophthalmologist, a neurologist, and a physician who treated his thyroid.[16]
In 1908–9, at Wisła, Ochorowicz studied the mediumship of Stanisława Tomczyk.
In the latter half of the 19th century, Spiritualism was not an unusual subject of study for noted psychologists. A prominent American psychologist who looked favorably on Spiritualism was William James.
Bibliography
- Jak należy badać duszę? Czyli o metodzie badań psychologicznych (How Should One Study the Soul? On the Method of Psychological Studies), 1869.
- Miłość, zbrodnia, wiara i moralność. Kilka studiów z psychologii kryminalnej (Love, Crime, Faith and Morality: Several Studies in the Psychology of Crime), 1870.
- Wstęp i pogląd ogólny na filozofię pozytywną (An Introduction to and Overview of Positive Philosophy), 1872.
- Z dziennika psychologa (From a Psychologist's Journal), 1876.
- O twórczości poetyckiej ze stanowiska psychologii (On Poetic Creativity from the Standpoint of Psychology), 1877.
- De la Suggestion mentale, deuxieme édition (second edition), Paris, Doin, 1889.
- Psychologia, pedagogika, etyka. Przyczynki do usiłowań naszego odrodzenia narodowego (Psychology, Pedagogy, Ethics: Contributions toward Our National Rebirth), 1917.
Translations:
- Ochorowicz, J., Mental suggestion, by Dr. J. Ochorowicz ... with a preface by Charles Richet, translated from the French by J. Fitzgerald, M.A., New York, Humboldt Publishing Co, 1891.
- J. Ochorowicz, Mental Dominance, New York, Instant Improvement, Inc., 1990. (From the page facing the title page: "This book, [first] published in French by Idégaf [in 1988], is a newly revised edition and was brought up to date by a group of psychologists.")
See also
- History of philosophy in Poland
- List of Poles
- William Crookes (regarding notables who believed in Spiritualism).
Notes
- Polski słownik biograficzny.
- ^ Bodanko, Anatol (2011). "Julian Ochorowicz (1850–1917) – ojciec polskiej psychologii naukowej" (PDF). Nauczyciel i Szkoła. 2 (50): 223–229.
- ^ Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Historia filozofii, vol. 3, 1978, p. 177.
- ^ a b Иванов Александр. "Юлиан Леопольд Охорович". Музей Истории Телефона.
- ^ "Radioelektronicy polscy. Ochorowicz Julian". Akademicki Klub Krótkofalowców UTP w Bydgoszczy - SP2PUT.
- ^ Lekan-Mrzewka, Joanna (2021). "Julian Ochorowicz, sprawa lwowskiej fundacji Macierz Polska i „nasze osobnictwo". Wydawnictwo IBL PAN. Napis XXVII.
- ^ Drop, Katarzyna (2010). "Przegrane batalie Juliana Ochorowicza" (PDF). Przegląd Psychologiczny. 53 (3): 279–290 – via Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II.
- ^ "Dr. Ochorowicz's Loud-Speaking Telephone". Scientific American. 52 (17): 263. 1885.
- ^ "Stanisława Tomczyk photo description at Diomedia". Archived from the original on November 18, 2013. Retrieved November 18, 2013. Description page at a stock photo agency representing the Mary Evans Picture Library, where the date is also given as 1909. She visited the researcher in 1908 and 1909; hence, the exact date is uncertain at this time and reported as 1908 elsewhere.
- ^ "The Sketch. A journal of art and actuality". HathiTrust.org Digital Library. 70: 277. June 8, 1910. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
- ^ Jan Wantuła, "Prus i Ochorowicz w Wiśle" ("Prus and Ochorowicz in Wisła"), in Stanisław Fita, ed., Wspomnienia o Bolesławie Prusie, p. 215.
- ^ Krystyna Tokarzówna and Stanisław Fita, Bolesław Prus, pp. 440, 443, 445-53.
- ^ Christopher Kasparek, "Prus' Pharaoh: Primer on Power", pp. 332-33.
- ^ a b Walter Mann. (1919). The Follies and Frauds of Spiritualism. Rationalist Association. London: Watts & Co. pp. 115-130
- ISBN 978-83-240-4543-3, pp. 384–85.
- ISBN 978-83-240-4543-3, p. 385.
References
- "Ochorowicz, Julian Leopold," Polski słownik biograficzny, vol. 23, pp. 499–505.
- T. Cienciała, "Julian Ochorowicz (1850-1917)," Kalendarz Cieszyński 2002, Cieszyn, 2001, pp. 222–24.
- "Ochorowicz Julian," Encyklopedia Polski, Kraków, Wydawnictwo Ryszard Kluszczyński, 1996, p. 453.
- Krystyna Tokarzówna and Stanisław Fita, Bolesław Prus,1847-1912: Kalendarz życia i twórczości (Bolesław Prus: Calendar of Life and Works), edited by Zygmunt Szweykowski, Warsaw, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1969, pp. 445–53 et passim.
- Stanisław Fita, ed., Wspomnienia o Bolesławie Prusie (Reminiscences about Bolesław Prus), Warsaw, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1962.
- Christopher Kasparek, "Prus' Pharaoh: Primer on Power", The Polish Review, 1995, no. 3, pp. 331–34.
- ISBN 978-83-240-4543-3.
- Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1978.