Julije Makanec
Julije Makanec | |
|---|---|
Minister of Education of the Independent State of Croatia | |
| In office 11 October 1943 – 8 May 1945 | |
| Preceded by | Mile Starčević |
| Succeeded by | Office abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 19 September 1904 SFR Yugoslavia |
| Cause of death | Execution by firing squad |
| Political party | Ustaše |
| Alma mater | University of Zagreb |
| Profession | Teacher |
Julije Makanec (19 September 1904 – 7 June 1945[1]) was a Croatian politician, teacher, philosopher and writer. During the World War II in Yugoslavia, he was the Minister of Education of the Independent State of Croatia and a high-ranking member of the Ustashas.[2]
Early life
Makanec was born in Sarajevo.[1] He was educated in Osijek and Bihać, and studied philosophy at the University of Zagreb, where he obtained a Ph.D. in 1927.[1] Between 1929 and 1940 he served as a gymnasium professor in Koprivnica, Bjelovar and several other places in Croatia, as well as in Leskovac, Serbia.[1] In November 1940, as a member of the Croatian Peasant Party, he became the mayor of Bjelovar.[3] Here he played an important role in the Bjelovar rebellion of 8 April that year when, after the revolt by Croats in the Royal Yugoslav Army during the early days of invasion of Yugoslavia, he declared the "resurrection of the Croatian state".[1][4][5]
World War II
By his own account, Makanec swore the
In a 1942 brochure titled Ustaše Virtues (Ustaške vrline), Makanec openly advocated for genocide. He wrote: "[...] every community has the right to exterminate, destroy, or at least render harmless those individuals who weaken it and bring it to ruin due to their utter lack of virtue."[8][9][10]
On 6 May 1945, shortly before Yugoslav Partisans entered Zagreb, Makanec fled the city in a group of sixteen government ministers. On 17 May, they surrendered to the British in Tamsweg, Austria, and were extradited to Yugoslav authorities. After a one-day trial before a military tribunal in Zagreb on 6 June he was sentenced to death for high treason and war crimes and executed by firing squad in the morning of the following day.[2][11]
Works
Books:[12]
- Marksistička filozofija prirode (Zagreb, 1938)
- O podrijetlu i smislu države (Zagreb, 1939)
- Poglavnik o boljševizmu (Zagreb, 1942)
- Ustaške vrline (Zagreb, 1942)
- Veliko raskršće (Zagreb, 1942)
- Razvoj državne misli od Platona do Hegela (Zagreb, 1943)
- Hrvatski vidici (Zagreb, 1944)
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Karaula & Miškulin 2014, p. 81.
- ^ a b Macut 2013, p. 147.
- ^ a b Macut 2013, p. 149.
- ^ Macut 2013, p. 148.
- ^ Yeomans 2013, p. 92.
- ^ Karaula & Miškulin 2014, p. 82.
- ^ Macut 2013, p. 152.
- ^ Jakovina 2016.
- ^ Macut 2013, p. 156.
- ^ Milekic 2016.
- ^ Karaula & Miškulin 2014, p. 80.
- ^ Macut 2016, pp. 184–185.
Sources
- Jakovina, Tvrtko (3 November 2016). "Ovako je zborio ustaški ministar kojem se divi Pavo Barišić: 'Ustaški pokret istrijebit će i uništiti nepoželjne elemente!'". Globus (in Croatian). No. 1345. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
- Karaula, Željko; Miškulin, Ivica (December 2014). "Jedan prilog za političku biografiju. Zapisnik sa saslušanja dr. Julija Makaneca od 26. svibnja 1945. godine"[A Contribution to a Political Biography. A Protocol from a Hearing of Dr Julije Makanec, on 26 May 1945] (PDF). Cris (in Croatian). XVI (1): 77–85. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
- Macut, Ivan (2016). "Filozofske teme i filozofi u tjedniku Spremnost (1942. – 1945.)" (PDF). Služba Božja (in Croatian). 56 (2–3–4): 159–188. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
- Macut, Petar (2013). Roksandić, Drago; Cvijović Javorina, Ivana (eds.). "Julije Makanec kao duhovni odgojitelj Ustaške mladeži" [Julije Makanec as a spiritual educator of the Ustashe Youth] (PDF). Intelektualci I Rat 1939.–1947. Desničini susreti (in Croatian). 8 (1). Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb: 147–161. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
- Milekic, Sven (28 October 2016). "Croatian Minister Praised WWII Fascist Official". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
- Yeomans, Rory (2013). Visions of Annihilation: The Ustasha Regime and the Cultural Politics of Fascism, 1941-1945. ISBN 978-0-8229-6192-5.
Further reading
- Zebić, Enis (April 2007). "Julije Makanec – razumijevanje filozofije države i politike u radovima do 1941. godine" [Julije Makanec – Understanding of the Philosophy of State and Politics in Works Until 1941] (PDF). Filozofska istraživanja (in Croatian). 27 (1). Croatian Philosophical Society: 179–194. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
- Zebić, Enis (January 2009). "Recepcija filozofije Julija Makanca u hrvatskoj filozofiji nakon 1990. godine. Fragmenti bez sinteze" [Reception of Works of Julije Makanec in Croatian Philosophy since 1990: Fragments without Synthesis] (PDF). Filozofska istraživanja (in Croatian). 28 (3). Croatian Philosophical Society: 657–663. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
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