Kenjutsu
Satomi Hakkenden, performed at the Ichimura theatre in 1852. | |
Focus | Weaponry |
---|---|
Country of origin | Japan |
Olympic sport | No |
Kenjutsu (剣術) is an umbrella term for all (
The exact activities and conventions undertaken when practicing kenjutsu vary from school to school, where the word school here refers to the practice, methods, ethics, and metaphysics of a given tradition, yet commonly include practice of battlefield techniques without an opponent and techniques whereby two practitioners perform
History
Early development
It is thought likely that the first iron swords were manufactured in Japan in the fourth century, based on technology imported from
- Kage-ryū (Aizu) (Aisukage ryū)
- Chūjō-ryū
- Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū
These schools form the ancestors for many descendent styles, for example, from Ittō ryū has branched Ono-ha Ittō ryū and Mizoguchi-ha Ittō-ryū (among many others).
On the island of Okinawa, the art of Udundi includes a unique method of both Kenjutsu and Iaijutsu. This is the only surviving sword system from Okinawa. It was the martial art of the noble Motobu family during the Ryukyu Kingdom.[5]
Edo period
During the
Decline
Beginning in 1868, the Meiji Restoration led to the breakup of the military class and the modernization of Japan along the lines of western industrial nations. As the samurai class was officially dissolved at this time, kenjutsu fell into decline, an unpopular reminder of the past.[3]: XIII, XIV This decline continued for approximately 20 years, until rising national confidence led to an increase of the uptake of traditional sword arts again, particularly in the military and the police.
In 1886 the
20th and 21st century
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (August 2023) |
With the increasing interest in Japanese martial arts outside Japan during the 20th century, people in other countries started taking an interest in kenjutsu.[original research?]
Weapons
One of the more common training weapons is the wooden sword (bokuto or bokken). For various reasons, many schools make use of very specifically designed bokuto, altering its shape, weight and length according to the style's specifications. For example, bokuto used within Yagyū Shinkage-ryū are relatively thin and without a handguard in order to match the school's characteristic approach to combat. Alternatively, Kashima Shin-ryū practitioners use a thicker than average bokuto with no curvature and with a rather large hilt. This of course lends itself well to Kashima Shin-ryū's distinct principles of combat.
Some schools practice with fukuro shinai (a bamboo sword covered with leather or cloth) under circumstances where the student lacks the ability to safely control a bokuto at full speed or as a general safety precaution. In fact, the fukuro shinai dates as far back as the 15th century.
Nitōjutsu
The most famous exponent of nitōjutsu was
Notable historical Japanese practitioners
- Sasaki Rui 佐々木累
- Nakazawa Koto 中沢琴
- Tatsumi Sankyo 立身三京
- Nen-ami Jion 念阿弥慈恩
- Iizasa Choisai Ienao飯篠長威斎家直
- Aidu Ikousai Hisatada 愛洲移香斎久忠
- Kamiizumi Nobutsuna 上泉信綱
- Moro-oka Ippa 諸岡一波
- Tsukahara Bokuden 塚原卜伝
- Ashikaga Yoshiteru 足利義輝
- Togo Chui 東郷重位
- Hikita Bungoro Kagetomo 疋田豊五郎景兼
- Marume Kurando-no-Suke Nagayoshi 丸目蔵人佐長恵
- Yagyū Sekishusai Muneyoshi柳生石舟斎宗厳
- Yagyū Tajima-no-kami Munenori 柳生但馬守宗矩
- Yagyū Jūbei Mitsuyoshi 柳生十兵衛三義
- Harigaya Sekiun 針ヶ谷夕雲
- Itori Koun Tamenobu 井鳥巨雲為信
- Chujo Nagahide 中条長秀
- Toda Gorouzaemon Nyudo Seigen 富田五郎左衛門入道勢源
- Ito Ittosai Kagehisa伊藤一刀斎景久
- Ono Jiroemon Tadaaki (Mikogami Tenzen) 小野次郎衛門忠明
- Ono Jiroemon Tadatsune 小野次郎衛門忠常
- Mikogami Tenzen 御子神典膳
- Miyamoto Musashi 宮本武蔵玄信
- Aoki Johemon Kaneie (Tetsujin) 青木城衛門金家 (鉄人)
- Sasaki Ganryu佐々木岩流 (In Kodan (old Japanese storytelling), well known as Sasaki Kojiro)
- Chiba Shusaku Narimasa千葉周作成政
- Momoi Shunzo Naoyoshi 桃井春蔵直由
- Togasaki Teruyoshi 戸ケ崎暉芳
- Iba Hachiro Hidesato 伊庭八郎秀穎
- Shinto Munen-ryu)
- Kubota Suketaro Sugane 窪田助太郎清音
- Ohishi Susumu Tanetsugu 大石進種次
- Otani Seiichiro Nobutomo 男谷精一郎信友
- Yamaoka Tesshu山岡鉄舟
- Okita Souji沖田総司
- Shingai Tadaatsu真貝 忠篤
- Sakakibara Kenkichi榊原 鍵吉
- Nakayama Hakudo中山博道
- Kohno Sasaburou 高野佐三郎
- Sasamori Junzo 笹森順造
- Hayashizaki Jinsuke林崎甚助
Popular culture
- the Shredder, etc. It was also used by Miyamoto Usagi who was an ally for the Turtles and their group as well as the main character of his own series.
- The title character of Samurai Jack included kenjutsu in his fighting style.
- .
- Kenjutsu was an inspiration for sword fighting in Power Rangers Ninja Storm and Power Rangers Samurai.
- Avengers: Endgame and Hawkeye features Hawkeye using kenjutsu.
See also
- Angampora
- Banshay
- Bataireacht
- Bōjutsu
- Gatka
- Jūkendō
- Kalaripayattu
- Kendo
- Kenjutsu
- Krabi–krabong
- Kuttu Varisai
- Mardani khel
- Silambam
- Silambam Asia
- Tahtib
- Thang-ta
- Varma kalai
- World Silambam Association
- Japanese martial arts
- Battōjutsu
- Hokushin Ittō-ryū
- Hyoho Niten Ichi-ryū
- Iaijutsu
- Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryū
- Kashima Shin-ryū
- Kashima Shinto-ryū
- Mizoguchi-ha Ittō-ryū
- Maniwa Nen-ryū
- Muso Jikiden Eishin ryu
- Suiō-ryū
- Samurai
- Shindo Munen-ryu
- Tatsumi-ryū
- Tennen Rishin Ryu
- Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū
- Yagyū Shinkage-ryū
Sources
- Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan – 3-volume set by Diane Skoss (Koryu Books):
- Koryu Bujutsu: Classical Warrior Traditions Of Japan ISBN 1-890536-04-0
- Sword & Spirit: Classical Warrior Traditions Of Japan, Volume 2 ISBN 1-890536-05-9
- Keiko Shokon: Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan, Volume 3 ISBN 1-890536-06-7
- Koryu Bujutsu: Classical Warrior Traditions Of Japan
References
- ISBN 978-0-8048-3245-8.
- ISBN 978-1-59884-243-2P.599
- ^ a b c d e f
Ozawa, Hiroshi (1997). Kendo The definitive guide. United Kingdom: Kodansha Europe. ISBN 4-7700-2119-4.
- ^ a b c Ozawa, Hiroshi (2008) [2005]. Swords in Ancient Japan. Ideas and History of the Sword (in English and Japanese). Vol. 2. Japan: Kendo Academy Press. p. 1.
- ^ "About Motobu Udundi". 本部流 – Motobu-ryu - (in Japanese). Retrieved 2019-08-21.
- ISBN 978-1-4053-5136-2.
- ^ a b c
Budden, Paul (2000) [2000]. Looking at a Far Mountain. United States of America: Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3245-5.
- ^ "The History of Kendo". All Japan Kendo Federation. Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ISBN 4-7700-2941-1(pp.22-23)