Sanda (sport)
Sanda | |
---|---|
Hanyu Pinyin | sǎnshǒu |
Sanda (
As part of the development of
History
Sanda's competitive history is rooted in barehanded elevated arena or
Curriculum
The generalized modern curriculum practiced in modern wushu schools is composed of different traditional martial arts fighting styles from China and Western Boxing, but mainly based on scientific efficiency. Wushu Sanda is composed of Chinese martial arts applications including most aspects of combat including striking and grappling, however when Wushu Sanda was developed as a sport, restrictions were made for safety reasons as well as to promote it as a non-violent sport. Examples of such restrictions included no blows delivered to the back of the head, throat, spine or groin and the discontinuation of the combat when any of the fighters fall to the ground. However many schools, whether traditional or modern, practice it as an all-round martial arts system with no restrictions, only adapting their training in relation to competition rules prior to the event.[8] Sanda tournaments are one of the two disciplines recognized by the International Wushu Federation.
Hand Strikes
- Jab
- Cross
- Hook
- Overhand
- Uppercut
- Back-fist
Elbows and Knees
- Horizontal
- Vertical
- Diagonal
Kicks
- Front Thrusting Kick
- Front Snap Kick
- Side Kick
- Hook Kick
- Spinning Back Kick
- Roundhouse Kick
- Axe kick
Throws
- Hip Throw
- Shoulder Throw
- Sweep
- Double leg takedowns
- Single leg takedowns
- Body lock takedowns
- Kick catch throws
- Trips
- Scissor takedown
One can see Sanda as a synthesis of traditional Chinese fighting techniques into a more amorphous system and is commonly taught alongside traditional Chinese styles, from which Wushu Sanda techniques, theory and training methods are derived. The emphasis of Sanda is on a more amorphous fighting ability.
Sport variation
Yundong Sanda (Chinese: 运动散打; pinyin: Yùndòng Sàndǎ) or Jinzheng Sanda (Chinese: 竞争散打; pinyin: Jìngzhēng Sàndǎ): A modern fighting method, sport, and applicable component of Wushu / Kung Fu influenced by traditional Chinese Boxing, of which takedowns & throws are legal in competition, as well as all other sorts of striking (use of arms & legs). Chinese wrestling methods called
Sanda appears much like Kickboxing but includes many more grappling techniques. Sanda fighting competitions are often held alongside taolu or form competitions. Sanda represents the modern development of Lei Tai contests, but with rules in place to reduce the chance of serious injury. Many Chinese martial art schools teach or work within the rule sets of Sanda, working to incorporate the movements, characteristics, and theory of their style.
Chinese martial artists also compete in non-Chinese or mixed combat sports, including boxing, kickboxing and mixed martial arts. Sanda is practiced in tournaments and is normally held alongside taolu events in wushu competition. For safety reasons, some techniques from the self-defense form such as elbow strikes, chokes, and joint locks, are not allowed during tournaments. Competitors can win by knockout or points which are earned by landing strikes to the body or head, throwing an opponent, or when competition is held on a raised lei tai platform, pushing them off the platform. Fighters are only allowed to clinch for a few seconds. If the clinch is not broken by the fighters, and if neither succeeds in throwing his opponent within the time limit, the referee will break the clinch. In the U.S., competitions are held either in boxing rings or on the raised lei tai platform. Amateur fighters wear protective gear.
"Amateur Sanda" allows kicks, punches, knees (not to the head), and throws. A competition held in China, called the "King of Sanda", is held in a ring similar to a boxing ring in design but larger in dimension. As professionals, they wear no protective gear except for gloves, cup, and mouthpiece, and "Professional Sanda" allows knee strikes (including to the head) as well as kicking, punching and throwing.
Some Sanda fighters have participated in fighting tournaments such as
Military variation
Junshi Sanda (Chinese: 军事散打; pinyin: Jūnshì Sǎndǎ): A system of unarmed combat that was designed by Chinese Elite Forces based upon their intense study of traditional martial arts such as traditional Kung Fu, Shuai Jiao, Chin Na and modern hand-to-hand fighting and combat philosophy to develop a realistic system of unarmed fighting for the Chinese military. Junshi Sanda employs all parts of the body as anatomical weapons to attack and counter with, by using what the Chinese consider to be the four basic martial arts techniques:
- Da – Upper-Body Striking – using fists, open hands, fingers, elbows, shoulders, forearms and the head
- Ti – Lower-Body Striking – including kicks, knees and stomping
- -like takedowns and sweeps, and
- Chin-Na – Seizing – which includes jointlocks, strangulation and other submissions
Competitions
The International Wushu Federation (IWUF) promotes wushu and is the governing body for wushu in all its forms worldwide. Sanda and taolu (forms) are the two categories of competitive sport wushu . The IWUF is recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
World Wushu Championships
Number | Year | Host City, Country |
---|---|---|
1 | 1991 | Beijing, China |
2 | 1993 | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
3 | 1995 | Baltimore, U.S. |
4 | 1997 | Rome, Italy |
5 | 1999 | Hung Hom Bay, Hong Kong |
6 | 2001 | Yerevan, Armenia |
7 | 2003 | Freguesia da Sé, Macau
|
8 | 2005 | Hanoi, Vietnam |
9 | 2007 | Beijing, China |
10 | 2009 | Toronto, Canada |
11 | 2011 | Ankara, Turkey |
12 | 2013 | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
13 | 2015 | Jakarta, Indonesia |
14 | 2017 | Kazan, Russia |
15 | 2019 | Shanghai, China |
16 | 2021 |
Dallas, United States |
Sanda World Cup
No. | Year | Host City, Country |
---|---|---|
1 | 2002 | Shanghai, China |
2 | 2004 | Guangzhou, Guangdong, China |
3 | 2006 | Xi'an, Shaanxi, China |
4 | 2008 | Harbin, Heilongjiang, China |
5 | 2010 | Chongqing, China |
6 | 2012 | Wuyishan, Fujian, China |
7 | 2014 | Jakarta, Indonesia |
8 | 2016 | Xi'an, Shaanxi, China |
9 | 2018 | Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China |
10 | 2020 | Melbourne, Australia |
Notable practitioners
Sanda
- Liu Hailong
- Kong Hongxing
- Bao Ligao
- Zhang Kaiyin
- Hossein Ojaghi
- Hamid Reza Gholipour
- Mohsen Mohammadseifi
- Erfan Ahangarian
- Khadijeh Azadpour
- Shahrbanoo Mansourian
- Elaheh Mansourian
- Hüseyin Dündar
- Gülşah Kıyak
- Mohammed Al-Ashwal
- Fang Bian
- Wei Rui
- Daniel Ghiță
- Cătălin Zmărăndescu
- Andrei Stoica
- Bogdan Stoica
- Dong Wenfei
- Jia Aoqi
- Yang Zhuo
- Bai Jinbin
- Zhu Shuai
- Xu Yan
- Xie Lei
- Jin Ying
- Qiu Jianliang
- Wang Cong
- Zheng Junfeng
- E Meidie
- Wang Kehan
- Liu Ce
- Ouyang Feng
- Zhang Weili[10][11]
- Cung Le
- Eduard Folayang
- Joshua Pacio
- Kevin Belingon
- Muslim Salikhov
- Zabit Magomedsharipov
- Bozigit Ataev
- Karimula Barkalaev
- Karl Albrektsson
- Shamil Abdurakhimov
- Song Yadong
- Pat Barry
- K.J. Noons
- Alessio Sakara
- Mark Eddiva
- Song Kenan
- Li Jingliang
- Yan Xiaonan
- Su Mudaerji
See also
References
- ^ "The Professor of Sanshou". Kung Fu (fighting Technics) Magazine. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
- ^ "Journal of Chinese Martial Studies 01.2009". Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- Black Belt Magazine. Active Interest Media, Inc. 1 October 1998. Retrieved 11 March 2019 – via Google Books.
- ISBN 9780766085428. Retrieved 11 March 2019 – via Google Books.
- Black Belt Magazine. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- ^ "About Sanda".
- Kung Fu Magazine. Archivedfrom the original on March 14, 2013. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
- ^ Matuszak, Sascha (October 21, 2015). "Sanda:China's most popular combat sport". Vice. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
- ^ "MMA fighters in struggle for recognition in China - People's Daily Online". en.people.cn. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ 白云. "人物·张伟丽:走上国际赛场的"格斗女孩"". 河北新闻网. Archived from the original on 2019-04-04. Retrieved 2019-07-19.
- ^ "邯郸少林智勇武术院毕业生张伟丽"打"破中国UFC纪录!". 河北新教育. Retrieved 2019-07-19.