Khin Nyunt

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

In this
Burmese name, the given name
is Khin Nyunt. There is no family name.
General
Khin Nyunt
ခင်ညွန့်
Khin Nyunt in 2012
Prime Minister of Myanmar
In office
25 August 2003 – 18 October 2004
LeaderThan Shwe
Preceded byThan Shwe
Succeeded bySoe Win
Secretary 1 of the State Peace and Development Council
In office
15 November 1997 – 25 August 2003
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded bySoe Win
Secretary 1 of the State Law and Order Restoration Council
In office
18 September 1988 – 15 November 1997
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byPosition abolished
Chief of Military Intelligence
In office
1984 – 18 October 2004
Preceded byKyaw Win
Succeeded byMyint Swe
Personal details
Born (1939-10-23) 23 October 1939 (age 84)
General

Khin Nyunt (Burmese: ခင်ညွန့်; MLCTS: hkang nywan; pronounced [kʰɪ̀ɰ̃ ɲʊ̰ɰ̃]; born 23 October 1939)[1][2] is a retired Burmese army general widely recognized for his influential role in shaping Myanmar's political dynamics.[3][4][5][6][7] Serving as the Chief of Intelligence and Prime Minister of Myanmar from 25 August 2003 to 18 October 2004, he played a crucial part in the nation's history.[8][9][10][11][12][13]

Born on 23 October 1939 in

souvenir shop.[41][42][43][44][45][46]

Early life and education

Khin Nyunt as a Lieutenant in 1962.

Khin Nyunt was born on 23 October 1939, in

Meixian, Meizhou, Guangdong, China.[47][48]

Khin Nyunt graduated from the 25th batch of the Officers Training School, Bahtoo in 1960, after dropping out of Yankin College in the late 1950s.[49]

Political career

After his

retired from politics in 23 July 1988 but who is thought to have continued to be an influential figure behind the scenes until about the late 1990s.[54][55]

The

SLORC) was renamed as the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) in 15 November 1997, and Khin Nyunt was appointed as its first secretary (Secretary −1), a post which he held until his appointment as Prime Minister in 25 August 2003.[58][59]

Shortly after Khin Nyunt was appointed as Prime Minister, he announced a seven-point roadmap to democracy on 30 August 2003; this roadmap was heavily criticized by the Burmese opposition as well as by many foreign governments especially Western ones as it envisaged a permanent military participation in the government.[60] The so-called 'systematic and step-by-step implementation of the road-map to democracy' also contained no time-line.[61]

The first 'step' of the road map was the recalling of the suspended National Convention which first met in January 1993. The NC was supposed to 'lay down' the basic principles for a new Constitution.[62] The NC met sporadically until the approval of a new constitution in 2008 by what many observers considered the rigged 2008 constitutional referendum.[63]

Prime Minister

After Khin Nyunt's appointment as

Vice-Senior General Maung Aye, were seen as hardliners who opposed any relaxation of the military's iron grip of the country.[65]

Controversy

From 1988 until his

military officials, including top generals.[69]

Khin Nyunt was instrumental in closing the

meaningful education.[70]

Arrest and release

On 18 October 2004, in a one-sentence announcement signed by

Chairman Than Shwe, Khin Nyunt was "permitted to retire on health grounds". However, he was immediately arrested and placed under protective custody.[71]

Allegations of Khin Nyunt's

Myanmar Armed Forces which Khin Nyunt led. Most of the Generals and military officers in the SPDC, like Senior General Than Shwe, did not want to negotiate with Aung San Suu Kyi and the National League for Democracy (NLD
).

On 5 July 2005, Khin Nyunt was tried by a Special Tribunal inside

indicted.[73]

In July 2009, a video of Khin Nyunt at the home of former

senior police officers was circulated on YouTube.[75]

Khin Nyunt's brother-in-law was

Than Nyein, a long-term political prisoner under military regime and founder of National Democratic Force Party, who died of lung cancer in Yangon on 21 May 2014.[76] Tin Htut, his son in law, has been in prison since October 2004. Khin Nyunt was released from house arrest on 13 January 2012 by the order of President Thein Sein.[77]

Later life

After his release from

souvenir shop featuring items like wood carvings for tourists.[78] On 2 March 2015, Khin Nyunt published a 657-page autobiography, providing insights into various aspects of his life. On 5 December 2021, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, the current Commander-in-Chief of the Tatmadaw, visited Khin Nyunt's home. It has been reported that the former general is facing health challenges, specifically from Alzheimer's disease.[79]

Personal life

Khin Nyunt is married to Khin Win Shwe, a

apparel and sportswear chains.[80]
He reportedly has seven grandchildren, some of which are doctors and a few are said to be studying overseas.

References

  1. ^ Hmaw Win Thar U Khin Nyunt (April 2015). ကြုံတွေ့ခဲ့ရ ကျွန်တော့ဘဝအထွေထွေ [My life, my experiences (third edition)] (in Burmese). Yangon: 100 kinds of flowers publishing house (ပန်းမျိုးတစ်ရာစာပေ). p. 36. "...ဦးဘညွန့်(ရှေ့နေ)၊ မိခင် ဒေါ်သိန်းရှင်တို့က ၁၃၀၁ ခုနှစ် သီတင်းကျွတ်လဆန်း ၁၁ ရက်နေ့မှာ မွေးဖွားခဲ့တာပါ။..."
  2. ^ Than Win Hlaing (November 2014). ဦးခင်ညွန့် (သို့မဟုတ်) ရက်စက်မှုအပေါင်းသရဖူဆောင်းခဲ့သူ [U Khin Nyunt (or) the one crowned with extreme cruelty (first edition)] (in Burmese). Yangon: U Lwin Oo (Lwin Oo publishing house). p. 23. ...Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia, erroneously described his birthdate as 11 October 1939
  3. ISEAS Publishing
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  6. ^ "'We Restored Order' In a rare interview, Myanmar's General Khin Nyunt goes on the defensive". BBC News. 17 December 1999.
  7. ^ Andrew Selth. "The Fall of General Khin Nyunt". De Gruyter.
  8. ^ Andrew Selth (May 2019). "Myanmar's intelligence apparatus and the fall of General Khin Nyunt". ResearchGate.
  9. ^ "The Day Myanmar's Military Intelligence Chief was Sacked". The Irrawaddy. 19 October 2020.
  10. ^ Andrew Selth (28 March 2019). "Myanmar's intelligence apparatus since the fall of General Khin Nyunt in 2004". Griffith University.
  11. ^ Tianlei Huang (5 November 2019). "Secrets and Power in Myanmar: Intelligence and the Fall of General Khin Nyunt". New Mandala.
  12. ^ Andrew Selth, May 2019. "Myanmar's intelligence apparatus and the fall of General Khin Nyunt". ResearchGate.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ "Burmese PM 'removed from office'". The Guardian. 19 October 2004.
  14. ^ Myint Shwe (8 April 2012). "In his own words: the rise and fall of Khin Nyunt". Bangkok Post.
  15. ^ Donald M. Seekins (2002). "MYANMAR: Secret Talks and Political Paralysis". JSTOR.
  16. ^ "Khin Nyunt: Free, but Still Deeply Unpopular". The Irrawaddy. 13 January 2012.
  17. ^ Barbara Victor (21 November 1996). "Q & A / General Khin Nyunt : Burma:An Inside View Of the Military's Control". The New York Times.
  18. TIME
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  19. ^ "As number three in the hierarchy of a regime known best for its brutality, General Khin Nyunt, Myanmar's prime minister and head of military intelligence, was no cuddly liberal. But his ousting on October 19th, to be replaced by General Soe Win, a martinet identified with the army's hardliners, leaves a sense of deep foreboding about the country's future". The Economist. 21 October 2004.
  20. ^ "Ex PM Khin Nyunt sentenced to a 44 years suspended prison term". AsiaNews. 25 July 2005.
  21. ^ Andy Wong (19 October 2004). "Myanmar prime minister ousted, Thais report". NBC News.
  22. VOA News
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  23. ^ Zaw Oo (23 October 2004). "Power struggle : Is history repeating itself in Myanmar". The New York Times.
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  27. Al Jazeera News
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  28. ^ Andrew Selth (11 August 2023). "Are Western intelligence agencies "fuelling an armed rebellion" in Myanmar". Griffith University.
  29. ^ "Burma's prime minister 'arrested' Conservative elements in Burma's military junta have ousted Prime Minister Khin Nyunt and put him under house arrest, Thai officials say". BBC News. 19 October 2004.
  30. ^ William Barnes (24 March 1999). "Intelligence chief eyes power. As Burma's army chiefs prepare to replace fading junta leader General Than Shwe - possibly by as soon as Thursday - the country's intelligence hard man is emerging as a foil to his less flexible colleagues". South China Morning Post.
  31. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Singapore
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  32. Frontline Magazine
    . 19 November 2004.
  33. ^ "Coup Rumors, General Khin Nyunt and Purges in the Myanmar Regime in the 2000s". Facts and Details. May 2004.
  34. ^ "Roundtable: Khin Nyunt's legacy". Democratic Voice of Burma. 22 October 2008.
  35. ^ Sunil Sethi (31 January 1994). "SLORC: At best a kind of military secret society, at worst a closely-knit soldiers' club". India Today.
  36. ^ R.H. Taylor (1995). "MYANMAR: New, but Different?". JSTOR.
  37. ^ "Burma - Burma Communist Party's Conspiracy to Take Over State Power. By Brig-Gen Khin Nyunt. Yangon [Rangoon]: Ministry of Information of the Government of the Union of Myanmar [Burma], 1989". Cambridge University Press. 24 August 2009.
  38. Den Store Danske
    . 15 May 2023.
  39. ^ Amara Thiha (8 February 2023). "It's Time to Re-evaluate the Myanmar Military's Intelligence Capabilities". The Diplomat.
  40. ^ "Statement attributable to the Spokesman for the Secretary-General on Myanmar". United Nations. 22 September 2003.
  41. ^ "Situation of human rights in Myanmar: Report of the Secretary-General". Ref World. 24 November 1995.
  42. ^ Andrew Selth (7 April 2021). "Myanmar: An Enduring Intelligence State, or a State Enduring Intelligence?". Stimson.
  43. ^ Larry Jagan (21 February 2005). "Deposed PM's allies face sentencing". South China Morning Post.
  44. ^ Nyunt Shwe (28 October 2005). "Bleak outlook for Myanmar democracy". The Japan Times.
  45. ^ "Burma accuses former PM of corruption". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 7 November 2004.
  46. ^ Thiha (11 November 2017). "Chief General Khin Nyunt - Yangon". Consult-Myanmar.
  47. ^ Kuppuswamy, C.S. (11 September 2004). "Myanmar: The shake- up and the fall out". South Asia Analysis Group. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2006.
  48. ^ "钦纽1939年出生于缅甸孟邦首府毛淡棉。父母都是来自广东梅县的客家人". Archived from the original on 20 August 2016.
  49. ^ "Lieutenant General Khin Nyunt". Mizzima News. 1 April 2010. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
  50. ^ Min Lwin (30 June 2009). "Burmese Internet Users Share Video, Documents about North Korea". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 9 December 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
  51. Al Jazeera News
    . 20 October 2004.
  52. ^ "The Secretary-General is concerned about the events that have unfolded in Yangon overnight, including the report that Prime Minister General Khin Nyunt has been dismissed and put under house arrest". United Nations. 20 October 2004.
  53. ^ "Mr. Razali had discussions with government officials, including Prime Minister General Khin Nyunt and Foreign Minister Win Aung. He also met with Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and other senior members of the National League for Democracy (NLD), as well as representatives of various ethnic nationality groups". United Nations. 5 March 2004.
  54. ^ "Aung San Suu Kyi satisfied with Khin Nyunt over confidence-building negotiations". India Today.
  55. ^ "Myanmar's premier `permitted to retire'". Taipei Times. 20 October 2004.
  56. ^ "Burmese PM 'sacked, arrested'". The Sydney Morning Herald. 20 October 2004.
  57. ^ "Troubling signs in Myanmar: A shakeup in Yangon has refocused international attention on the reclusive regime in Myanmar. The ousting of Prime Minister Khin Nyunt bodes ill for hopes of democratic reform in the country and will increase tension between Myanmar and ASEAN, and between ASEAN and the West. Concerned governments need to send a message -- and then act to reinforce it -- there can be no backtracking on pledges to move toward democracy". The Japan Times. 26 October 2004.
  58. ^ Glenys Kinnock (18 July 1994). "Dear General Khin Nyunt: We have not forgotten that you've had a Nobel Peace Prize winner locked up for the past five years, the campaigning MEP tells the leader of Burma's military junta". The Independent.
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  60. DAP Malaysia
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  61. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
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  62. ^ "Burma Confirms Ouster of Prime Minister". Radio Free Asia. 19 October 2004.
  63. ^ "Myanmar: Chronology of the National Convention". Human Rights Watch. 18 July 2007. Retrieved 8 January 2024 – via ReliefWeb.
  64. ^ "In 2003, Than Shwe's main challenger as paramount leader, the Prime Minister and military intelligence chief Khin Nyunt, was purged, again under the guise of retirement on health grounds". Reuters. 3 October 2007.
  65. ^ Dominic Faulder (22 March 2024). "Myanmar's failed auction of Suu Kyi's home creates conundrum". Nikkei Asia.
  66. ^ Andrew Selth (16 August 2023). "Memories of Burma's art scene in the 1970s". New Mandela.
  67. ^ Charles Higham (21 July 2021). "Tea with the Myanmar army". The Past.
  68. ^ Mratt Kyaw Thu (4 January 2018). "Once feted by Myanmar's junta, Bronze Age cemetery site returns to the spotlight. By early 1998, a government dig was underway at the burial site, which would become known as Nyaung-gan. When bronze artifacts were discovered, Nyaung-gan was deemed to be of both archaeological and political importance. Military Intelligence, led by General Khin Nyunt, the third most powerful person in the junta, soon took charge of excavations". Frontier Myanmar.
  69. ^ Maung Zarni (22 April 2023). "Myanmar- Struggle On For A Regime Change". The Citizen.
  70. ^ "Criminals at Large | The Irrawaddy Magazine". The Irrawaddy. 23 April 1992. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
  71. ^ "Burma's prime minister 'arrested'". BBC News. 19 October 2004.
  72. ^ "Myanmar PM ousted, under house arrest". China Daily. 20 October 2004.
  73. ^ "Burma ex-PM guilty of corruption". BBC News. 22 July 2005. Retrieved 30 June 2006.
  74. ^ "Khin Nyunt Appears in Public". The Irrawaddy. 10 July 2009. Archived from the original on 2 March 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
  75. ^ Yeni (4 December 2010). "Khin Nyunt Video Resurfaces with Sound Restored". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
  76. ^ "NDF leader Dr Than Nyein dies of lung cancer". www.elevenmedia.com. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  77. ^ [1] Archived 3 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  78. ^ "From Feared Myanmar Spymaster to Art Gallery Owner | The Irrawaddy Magazine". The Irrawaddy. 2 January 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
  79. ^ "The ex-leader of military intelligence Khin Nyunt suffers from Alzheimer's" (in Burmese). The Irrawaddy. 11 December 2021.
  80. ^ "Junta Blocks Google and Gmail". The Irrawaddy. 30 June 2006. Retrieved 30 June 2006.

External links

Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of Myanmar
2003–2004 		Succeeded by
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