Latvians in Russia
 Students of the school at the Latvian embassy in Moscow, 2019 | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 18,979, including 1,089 Latgalians (2010 Census)[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Moscow, Bashkortostan, Siberia | |
| Languages | |
| Russian, Latvian | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Latvians |
In
2010 census
, 18,979 in Russia identified as ethnic Latvian, down from 28,520 in 2002.
History
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There have been several waves of migration of Latvians to Russia following the annexation of the Latvian lands by the Russian Empire in the 18th century.
A Latvian Lutheran church existed in St. Petersburg since 1849.[2]
During the 19th century, many landless Latvian peasants moved eastwards, establishing settlements in
Bolshevik politicians and activists settled down in Russia after the Russian Civil War
and became members of the Soviet state leadership.
According to the results of the
USSR. Numerous Latvian cultural organizations, publishing houses and schools were created in various regions of the USSR. The largest and most influential organization was Prometejs Society, headquartered in Moscow.[3]
In the 1930s, thousands of Latvians faced
Jānis Bērziņš, and others. More than 21,300 persons were sentenced during the operation, of which 16,575 were executed.[4] In total, about 70,000 ethnic Latvians in the USSR were killed during the repressions of the 1930s.[5]
After the
collapse of the Soviet Union and the restoration of the independence of Latvia.[citation needed
]
Latvian settlements in Russia
An autonomous Latvian
Korenizatsiya). The Latvian kolkhoz
Jaunā dzīve ("New Life") was established there in 1929. Today, Latvians make up approximately 300 out of almost 2000 inhabitants of the municipality.
In Siberia (modern Krasnoyarsk Krai), the village Nizhnyaya Bulanka (Russian: Нижняя Буланка, Latvian: Lejas Bulāna) was founded by Latvian settlers in 1859. The village still exists and has less than one hundred inhabitants.[citation needed]
Organizations
Since the 1990s, there is a number of Latvian organizations and Latvian Lutheran parishes in Russia, primarily in major cities such as Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Omsk, Tomsk, Smolensk and others.[7] The Moscow Latvian choir, Tālava, was established in 1993.[8]
Burials
Several Latvian communists are buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis in Moscow: Pēteris Stučka, Arvīds Pelše, Jānis Lepse, Jānis Valdovskis, Oto Vērzemnieks, Jānis Zvejnieks, as well as the Riga-born scientist Mstislav Keldysh.
-
Burial of Jānis Lepse in the Kremlin Wall -
Burial of Pēteris Stučka in the Kremlin Wall -
Burial of Arvīds Pelše in the Kremlin Wall
Russians of Latvian descent
- Petr Aven, businessman and former government minister
- Alexei Kudrin, statesman, former finance minister
- Vladimir Vladimirovich Kara-Murza, politician and human rights activist
- Valdis Pelšs, television presenter
- Dmitry Nagiyev, actor, TV-host, musician, showman and radio host
- Alexander Auzan, economist, head of economics department of the Moscow State University
Latvians in the Soviet Union
- Otto Schmidt, scientist, explorer of the Arctic, Hero of the Soviet Union
- Pēteris Stučka, first president of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union
- Jukums Vācietis, the first commander-in-chief of the Red Army
- Jānis Fabriciuss, widely memorialized commander in the Red Army during the Russian Civil War and in the 1920s
- Jēkabs Alksnis, commander of the Red Army Air Forcesfrom 1931 to 1937
- Jānis Rudzutaks, Soviet government minister, member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- State Planning Committee(Gosplan) in 1934 – 1937
- Jānis Bērziņš, creators of the Soviet military intelligence
- Turkmen SSR
- Belarusian SSRin 1920 – 1923 and in 1927 – 1928
- Yakutia during the Yakut revolt
- Central Committee elected by the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
- 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt
- Arvīds Pelše, member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- Ambassador of the Soviet Union to Austriabetween 1925 and 1927
- Jānis Lācis, Red Army commander, member of the Central Executive Committee of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
- Otto Lācis, Soviet and Russian journalist
Latvian Baltic Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union
- Baltic German or Baltic Jewishorigin
- Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly, Russian field marshal during the 1812 war with Napoleon
- House of Biron, a Baltic German aristocratic family
- Ernst Johann von Biron, Regent of Russia in 1737–1740
- House of Livoniantribal leaders
- Yevgeny Miller, general and one of the leaders of the anticommunist White Army during and after the Russian Civil War
- Wilfried Strik-Strikfeldt, officer of the White Army during the Russian Civil War and of the Russian Liberation Army during World War II
See also
References
- ^ Тома официальной публикации итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года – Том 4. Национальный состав и владение языками, гражданство – 1. НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ СОСТАВ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ
- ^ Латышская церковь Христа Спасителя [The Latvian Church of Christ the Saviour] - Санкт-Петербург. Энциклопедия
- ^ Латышское просветительное общество "Прометей" – by Memorial
- ^ «Большой террор»: 1937–1938. Краткая хроника ('The Great Purge: 1937–1938. A general timeline.') – by Memorial
- ^ Т.КОНСТАНТИНОВА. Машина времени // АМЫЛЬСКИЕ ПЕРЕКАТЫ. Август 2001
- ^ Juris Lorencs. Baškīrijā, latviešos
- ^ Латышская община в России [Official website of the Embassy of Latvia in Moscow]
- ^ President thanks Latvians living in Russia for retaining language and traditions - The Balric Course, 10.05.2010
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