Liposcelis bostrychophila
Liposcelis bostrychophila | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Psocodea |
Family: | Liposcelididae |
Genus: | Liposcelis |
Species: | L. bostrychophila
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Binomial name | |
Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, 1931
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Liposcelis bostrychophila is a species of booklouse in the family Liposcelididae. It is known nearly worldwide as a common pest of stored products. It is especially prevalent in cereals.[1] In 2019 it was identified as a predator of mosquito eggs in a FAO/IAEA Insect Pest Control Laboratory which developed sterile males.
This insect is about 1 millimetre (0.039 in) long, brown in color, and wingless.[2] Females of this species often undergo parthenogenesis and populations consist almost entirely of females. A male specimen was not noted until 2002 and a few years later, another sexually-reproducing strain was found.
Description
Liposcelis bostrychophila is a tiny, pale brown, wingless insect about 1 mm (0.04 in) in length. Like other liposcelids it has short antennae with 15 segments, reduced eyes, and a flattened body with a relatively long abdomen. The femur of the hind leg is wide and flattened, the tarsi have three segments and the coxae are widely separated from each other.[3]
Distribution
Liposcelis bostrychophila has a world-wide distribution, being found in grain stores, warehouses, factories and households, wherever dry foodstuffs are processed or stored.[2]
Reproduction and development
In most populations of Liposcelis bostrychophila, only females are present and reproduction is by parthenogenesis. During her lifetime, the female produces about 200 eggs. These hatch into nymphs which resemble the adult form and pass through four moults before maturing at about 40 days.[4] In 2002, a sexually reproducing strain of L. bostrychophila with both sexes was found in Hawaii, and in 2009, another was found in Arizona. In both of these, reproduction was by sexual means and parthenogenesis did not occur. An endosymbiotic bacterium, Rickettsia sp., is present in all the asexually-reproducing individuals tested, but is absent from the sexually-reproducing strains; this suggests the possibility that the Rickettsia actually causes parthenogenesis, although this remains to be demonstrated. Rickettsia has been implicated in this way in the case of two parthenogenetically-reproducing eulophid wasps.[5]
L. bostrychophila can pause its development by entering diapause, and can survive for up to two months without food.[6]
Pest status
Historically, Liposcelis bostrychophila has been considered a minor pest of stored commodities, perhaps because the small size of the insect made them seem insignificant in comparison with more noticeable pests such as the
It was identified in 2019 as the predator responsible for damaging stored eggs in a mosquito-rearing facility.[6]
Genome
Liposcelis bostrychophila is almost entirely of a
References
- ^
- Genetics and Molecular Biology of Entomopathogenic Fungi. .
- This review cites this research.
- Lord, Jeffrey C. & Howard, Ralph W. (2004). "A proposed role for the cuticular fatty amides of Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocoptera: Liposcelidae) in preventing adhesion of entomopathogenic fungi with dry-conidia" (PDF). S2CID 5893551.
- ^ a b c
- Khaleel, Christina; Tabanca, Nurhayat; Buchbauer, Gerhard (2018). "α-Terpineol, a natural monoterpene: A review of its biological properties". S2CID 103280388.
- This review cites this research.
- Liu, Zhi; Zhao, Na; Liu, Chun; Zhou, Ligang & Du, Shu (2012). "Identification of insecticidal constituents of the essential oil of Curcuma wenyujin rhizomes active against Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel". Molecules. 17 (10): 12049–12060. PMID 23085655.
- Khaleel, Christina; Tabanca, Nurhayat; Buchbauer, Gerhard (2018). "α-Terpineol, a natural monoterpene: A review of its biological properties".
- ^ Emilie Bess (25 March 2009). "Liposcelididae". Tree of Life Web Project. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
- ^ Wegiriya, H.C.E.; Indika, B.A.N. & Edirisinghe, C. (2007). "Biology and control of Liposcelis bostrychophila (Badonnel) (Insecta:Psocoptera) a newly recorded insect pest on herbal materials prepared for the export market" (PDF). Proceedings of the Fourth Academic Sessions. University of Ruhuna.
- PMID 26013922.
- ^ a b
- Vreysen, Marc J. B.; Abd-Alla, Adly M. M.; Bourtzis, Kostas; Bouyer, Jeremy; Caceres, Carlos; de Beer, Chantel; Oliveira Carvalho, Danilo; Maiga, Hamidou; Mamai, Wadaka; Nikolouli, Katerina; Yamada, Hanano; Pereira, Rui (2021). "The Insect Pest Control Laboratory of the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme: Ten Years (2010–2020) of Research and Development, Achievements and Challenges in Support of the Sterile Insect Technique". S2CID 233395849.
- This review cites this research.
- Yamada, Hanano; Kraupa, Carina; Lienhard, Charles; Parker, Andrew Gordon; Maiga, Hamidou; de Oliveira Carvalho, Danilo; Zheng, Minlin; Wallner, Thomas & Bouyer, Jeremy (2019). "Mosquito mass rearing: who's eating the eggs?". Parasite. 26: 75. PMID 31859620.
- Vreysen, Marc J. B.; Abd-Alla, Adly M. M.; Bourtzis, Kostas; Bouyer, Jeremy; Caceres, Carlos; de Beer, Chantel; Oliveira Carvalho, Danilo; Maiga, Hamidou; Mamai, Wadaka; Nikolouli, Katerina; Yamada, Hanano; Pereira, Rui (2021). "The Insect Pest Control Laboratory of the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme: Ten Years (2010–2020) of Research and Development, Achievements and Challenges in Support of the Sterile Insect Technique".
- ^ a b c d e f
- Beckmann, John F.; Bonneau, Manon; Chen, Hongli; Hochstrasser, Mark; Poinsot, Denis; Merçot, Hervé; Weill, Mylène; Sicard, Mathieu; Charlat, Sylvain (2019). "The Toxin–Antidote Model of Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: Genetics and Evolutionary Implications". S2CID 59306793.
- This review cites this research.
- Gillespie, Joseph J; Driscoll, Timothy P; Verhoeve, Victoria I; Rahman, Mohammed Sayeedur; Macaluso, Kevin R; Azad, Abdu F (2018). "A Tangled Web: Origins of Reproductive Parasitism". S2CID 51878584.
- Beckmann, John F.; Bonneau, Manon; Chen, Hongli; Hochstrasser, Mark; Poinsot, Denis; Merçot, Hervé; Weill, Mylène; Sicard, Mathieu; Charlat, Sylvain (2019). "The Toxin–Antidote Model of Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: Genetics and Evolutionary Implications".