List of World War II prisoner-of-war camps in Canada
There were 40 known prisoner-of-war camps across Canada during World War II, although this number also includes internment camps that held Canadians of German and Japanese descent.[1] Several reliable sources indicate that there were only 25 or 26 camps holding exclusively prisoners from foreign countries, nearly all from Germany.[2][3][4]
The camps were identified by letters at first, then by numbers.[5] In addition to the main camps there were branch camps and labour camps. The prisoners were given various tasks; many worked in the forests as logging crews or on nearby farms; they were paid a nominal amount for their labour. Approximately 11,000 were thus employed by 1945.[3]
The largest number of military prisoners of war was recorded as 33,798 by several sources.[6][7][8] In addition to POWs, some civilian internees were held in the camps and some estimates include such prisoners.[7][9]
All POWs were protected by the conditions of the
Camp | Place | Province | Relative Location | Specific Location | Period |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | Chatham
|
Ontario | 260 km southwest of Toronto | 1944 1945-1946 | |
10 | Fingal | Ontario | 40 km south of London | 1945-1946 | |
20 (C) | Gravenhurst | Ontario | 170 km north of Toronto | 1940-1946 | |
21 (F) | Espanola | Ontario | 330 km NNW of Toronto | 1940-1943 | |
22 (M) | Mimico | Ontario | 15 km west of Toronto | 1940-1944 | |
23 (Q) | Monteith (near Iroquois Falls) | Ontario | 700 km north of Toronto | 1940-1946 | |
30 | Bowmanville | Ontario | 65 km ENE of Toronto | 1941-1945 | |
31 (F) | Kingston | Ontario | 145 km SSW of Ottawa | 1940-1943 | |
32 (H) | Hull | Quebec | 10 km north of Ottawa | 1941-1947 | |
33 (F) | Petawawa | Ontario | 130 km WNW of Ottawa | 1942-1946 | |
40 (A) | Farnham | Quebec | 50 km ESE of Montreal | 825 Rue Principale O, Farnham, QC[11] | 1940-1941 1942-1943 1944-1946 |
42 (N) | Newington (Sherbrooke) | Quebec | 130 km east of Montreal | 990 Rue Bowen S, Sherbrooke, QC [12] | 1942-1946 |
43 | Ile Ste Helene, Montreal | Quebec | 1940-1943 | ||
44 | Feller College / Grande Ligne | Quebec | 56 km southeast of Montreal | 1943-1946 | |
45 | Sorel
|
Quebec | 65 km NNE of Montreal | 1945-1946 | |
70 (B) | Fredericton (Ripples) | New Brunswick | 20 km east of Fredericton | 1941-1945 | |
100 (W) | Neys | Ontario | 1100 km northwest of Toronto | 1944-1943 1944-1946 | |
101 (X) | Angler | Ontario | 800 km northwest of Toronto | 1941-1946 | |
130 | Seebe | Alberta | 100 km west of Calgary
|
1939-1946 | |
132 | Medicine Hat | Alberta | 260 km ESE of Calgary | 2055 21 Ave SE, Medicine Hat, AB | 1943-1945 |
133 | Ozada | Alberta | 130 km west of Calgary | 1942 | |
133 | Lethbridge | Alberta | 160 km southeast of Calgary | 1942-1946 | |
? | Chisholm | Alberta | 180 km N of Edmonton | ? | |
135 | Wainwright | Alberta | 190 km ESE of Edmonton | 1945-1946 | |
(R) | Red Rock | Ontario | Lake Superior | 1940-1941 | |
? | Whitewater | Manitoba | Riding Mountain National Park | 1943-1945 | |
N/A | Wainfleet | Ontario | Close to Port Colborne | 1943-1945 |
See also
References
- ^ "Canadian Internment Camps | Petawawa Heritage Village". www.petawawaheritagevillage.com.
- ^ a b "Prisoner of War Camps in Canada". The Canadian Encyclopedia.
- ^ a b c "The Happiest Prisoners | Legion Magazine". legionmagazine.com. 15 March 2012.
- ^ "Little left of PoW camps that dotted northern Ontario 70 years ago | Toronto Sun". 30 August 2012.
- ^ Tremblay, Robert, Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, et al. "Histoires oubliées – Interprogrammes : Des prisonniers spéciaux" Interlude. Aired: 20 July 2008, 14h47 to 15h00.
- ^ August 30, Jon Thompson More from Jon Thompson Published on; August 31, 2012 | Last Updated; Edt, 2012 11:31 Am (30 August 2012). "Little left of PoW camps that dotted northern Ontario 70 years ago".
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d "WarMuseum.ca - Democracy at War - Axis Prisoners in Canada - Canada and the War". www.warmuseum.ca.
- ^ Dodson, Timothy; Myers, A. "Prisoners of War and Dreams of Freedom: Dugout Canoes at a Second World War Work Camp in Manitoba, Canada" – via www.academia.edu.
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(help) - ^ "Homefront in Alberta - Alberta and the Keeping of German Prisoners of War, 1939-1947". wayback.archive-it.org. Archived from the original on 8 December 2010.
- ^ "HOMELAND STORIES: Enemies Within" (PDF). ReadingAndRemembrance.ca.
- ^ "Camp 40 (Camp A) – Farnham, Quebec". Michael O'Hagan. 2 December 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
- ^ Lapointe, Vicky (16 August 2012). "Photos: le camp d'internement no 42 (camp Newington), Sherbrooke 1944-1945". Patrimoine, Histoire et Multimédia (in French). Retrieved 28 May 2021.