Sherbrooke
Sherbrooke | ||
---|---|---|
City | ||
Ville de Sherbrooke | ||
Region Estrie | | |
RCM | None | |
Settled | 1793 | |
Constituted | 1 January 2002 | |
Boroughs | ||
Government GDP (Sherbrooke CMA) | CA$8.0 billion (2016)[7] | |
GDP per capita (Sherbrooke CMA) | CA$37,797 (2016) | |
Website | www |
Sherbrooke (
Sherbrooke is the primary economic, political, cultural, and institutional centre of Estrie, and was known as the Queen of the Eastern Townships at the beginning of the 20th century.
There are eight institutions educating 40,000 students and employing 11,000 people, 3,700 of whom are professors, teachers and researchers. The direct economic effect of these institutions exceeds one billion dollars. The proportion of university students is 10.32 students per 100 inhabitants, giving Sherbrooke the largest concentration of students in Quebec.[8]
Sherbrooke rose as a manufacturing centre in the 1800s, and today the service sector is prominent.
The Sherbrooke region is surrounded by mountains, rivers, and lakes. There are several ski hills nearby and various tourist attractions in regional flavour.
The city was named in 1818 for John Coape Sherbrooke, a former Governor General of Canada.[9]
History
First Nations settled the region 8,000-3,000 years ago.[10] The Abenaki called it Ktinékétolékouac/Kchi Nikitawtegwak ('the large forks'),[11] or Shacewanteku (where one smokes).[2]
The first non-native settler was the farmer Jean-Baptiste Nolain, in 1779.[2] The area was first surveyed in 1792.[12] Americans from Vermont built mills in the area in 1802. Gilbert Hyatt led a group of loyalists, who settled around 1803. He dammed the Magog River and a gristmill and a sawmill were soon built nearby. The settlement was then known as Hyatt's Mills.[13]
The first immigrants from England arrived in 1815.[14] The British American Land Company was formed in 1832[15] to acquire and develop almost 1,100,000 acres (1,719 sq mi; 4,452 km2) of Crown land and other lands in the area. It prioritized speculation over immigration.[16]
In 1852 a railway linked Montreal and Portland, Maine via Sherbrooke. By the 1890s there were rail connections to Boston, Halifax, and New York City.
Immigration from the rest of Quebec began in 1850, and by 1871 francophones were in the majority.[14]
By the turn of the 20th century, Sherbrooke was a thriving industrial city, with manufacturing benefiting from locally-produced hydroelectricity. From the 1950s, some the steel and textile industries declined, giving way to government services and education.
As part of the 2000–2006 municipal reorganization in Quebec, the city grew considerably on 1 January 2002, when it absorbed Ascot, Bromptonville, Deauville, Fleurimont, Lennoxville, Rock Forest, and Saint-Élie-d'Orford. Part of Stoke was also annexed to the newly expanded Sherbrooke.
In 2012, a local biochemical factory suffered an explosion, which killed 2, and injured 19, some severely. A large toxic cloud enveloped part of the city, raising health concerns.[17][18]
Geography
Located at the confluence of the Saint-François (St. Francis) and Magog rivers in the heart of the Eastern Townships and the Estrie administrative region. Sherbrooke is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Sherbrooke. Its geographical code is 43. [vague]
Climate
Sherbrooke has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with long, cold, and snowy winters, warm summers, and short but crisp springs and autumns. Highs range from −5.8 °C (21.6 °F) in January to 24.6 °C (76.3 °F) in July. In an average year, there are 34 nights at or colder than −20 °C (−4 °F), and 6.5 nights at or colder than −30 °C (−22 °F); 4.1 days will see highs reaching 30 °C (86 °F).[19] Annual snowfall is large, averaging at 287 centimetres (113 in), sometimes falling in May and October. Precipitation is not sparse any time of the year, but is the greatest in summer and fall and at its least from January to April, totalling 1,100 millimetres (43.3 in) annually.
The highest temperature ever recorded in Sherbrooke was 36.7 °C (98 °F) on 1 & 2 July 1931.[20] The coldest temperature ever recorded was −41.2 °C (−42.2 °F) on 15 January 2004.[21]
Climate data for Sherbrooke Airport, 1981−2010 normals, extremes 1900−present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high humidex | 17.4 | 17.1 | 27.0 | 31.5 | 38.3 | 43.9 | 46.5 | 43.4 | 38.7 | 31.8 | 26.3 | 19.0 | 46.5 |
Record high °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) |
17.1 (62.8) |
25.3 (77.5) |
30.0 (86.0) |
33.5 (92.3) |
35.0 (95.0) |
36.7 (98.1) |
36.1 (97.0) |
34.0 (93.2) |
28.3 (82.9) |
23.9 (75.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
36.7 (98.1) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −5.8 (21.6) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
2.3 (36.1) |
10.4 (50.7) |
18.3 (64.9) |
22.2 (72.0) |
24.6 (76.3) |
23.7 (74.7) |
19.2 (66.6) |
12.2 (54.0) |
5.1 (41.2) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
10.6 (51.1) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −11.9 (10.6) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
4.5 (40.1) |
11.4 (52.5) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.2 (64.8) |
17.3 (63.1) |
12.3 (54.1) |
6.3 (43.3) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−7.3 (18.9) |
4.5 (40.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −17.9 (−0.2) |
−15.9 (3.4) |
−9.7 (14.5) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
4.3 (39.7) |
8.8 (47.8) |
11.7 (53.1) |
10.8 (51.4) |
6.3 (43.3) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−4 (25) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
Record low °C (°F) | −41.2 (−42.2) |
−40 (−40) |
−35 (−31) |
−21.1 (−6.0) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−15 (5) |
−25.5 (−13.9) |
−39.4 (−38.9) |
−41.2 (−42.2) |
Record low wind chill | −47.2 | −48 | −42.4 | −29.7 | −12.8 | −5.4 | 0.0 | −4.7 | −8.6 | −16.7 | −27.9 | −48.3 | −48.3 |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 74.3 (2.93) |
61.7 (2.43) |
71.3 (2.81) |
84.0 (3.31) |
94.3 (3.71) |
108.4 (4.27) |
109.5 (4.31) |
126.1 (4.96) |
94.8 (3.73) |
90.4 (3.56) |
99.1 (3.90) |
86.5 (3.41) |
1,100.4 (43.32) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 17.3 (0.68) |
16.6 (0.65) |
27.6 (1.09) |
63.3 (2.49) |
94.0 (3.70) |
108.4 (4.27) |
109.5 (4.31) |
126.1 (4.96) |
94.7 (3.73) |
87.5 (3.44) |
70.8 (2.79) |
32.0 (1.26) |
847.9 (33.38) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 68.2 (26.9) |
54.2 (21.3) |
48.2 (19.0) |
21.2 (8.3) |
0.37 (0.15) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.03 (0.01) |
3.2 (1.3) |
29.1 (11.5) |
62.1 (24.4) |
286.5 (112.8) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 19.7 | 15.5 | 16.0 | 14.9 | 15.7 | 15.2 | 14.0 | 13.3 | 12.6 | 14.0 | 17.2 | 19.1 | 187.1 |
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 3.5 | 3.3 | 6.4 | 12.2 | 15.1 | 15.1 | 13.8 | 14.5 | 13.0 | 13.7 | 11.5 | 5.4 | 127.5 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 18.9 | 14.3 | 10.9 | 5.6 | 0.21 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.07 | 1.5 | 8.6 | 16.2 | 76.3 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 84.5 | 107.8 | 137.7 | 159.8 | 212.3 | 234.6 | 257.0 | 231.3 | 165.6 | 118.9 | 67.9 | 67.6 | 1,844.9 |
Percent possible sunshine | 29.8 | 36.9 | 37.4 | 39.5 | 46.1 | 50.1 | 54.2 | 52.9 | 43.9 | 34.9 | 23.7 | 24.8 | 39.5 |
Source: |
Neighbourhoods
The city includes several neighbourhoods:
- Le quartier universitaire
- Le Vieux-Nord
- Collinsville
- Secteur Galvin
- L'Est
- Ascot
- Mi-Vallon
- du Pin-Solitaire
- Le Petit Canada
Demographics
City of Sherbrooke
172,950 | +7.2% | |
(*) Sherbrooke annexed the City of Bromptonville, the City of Fleurimont, the City of Lennoxville, the City of Rock-Forest, the Municipality of Ascot and the Municipality of Deauville. |
172,950 | +7.2% |
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Sherbrooke had a population of 172,950 living in 80,476 of its 86,019 total private dwellings, a change of 7.2% from its 2016 population of 161,323. With a land area of 353.4 km2 (136.4 sq mi), it had a population density of 489.4/km2 (1,267.5/sq mi) in 2021.[28]
2021 | 2016 | 2011 | |
---|---|---|---|
Population | 172,950 (+7.2% from 2016) | 161,323 (+4.3% from 2011) | 154,601 (+4.9% from 2006) |
Land area | 353.40 km2 (136.45 sq mi) | 353.76 km2 (136.59 sq mi) | 353.49 km2 (136.48 sq mi) |
Population density | 489.4/km2 (1,268/sq mi) | 456.0/km2 (1,181/sq mi) | 437.4/km2 (1,133/sq mi) |
Median age | 41.2 (M: 39.2, F: 42.8) | 40.5 (M: 38.5, F: 42.5) | 40.2 (M: 38.0, F: 42.3) |
Private dwellings | 86,019 (total) | 80,341 (total) | 75,880 (total) |
Median household income | $62,400 | $51,706 | $46,468 |
Language
86.4% of Sherbrooke residents spoke French as a first language in 2021, while those whose mother tongue was English accounted for 3.9%. The next most common first languages were Spanish (2%), Arabic (1.3%) and Dari (0.7%)
Ethnicity
As of 2021, approximately 88.7% of Sherbrooke residents were white, while 9.6% were
Panethnic group |
2021[34] | 2016[35] | 2011[36] | 2006[37] | 2001[38] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |||||
White[a] | 148,235 | 88.67% | 143,110 | 91.58% | 140,695 | 93.64% | 137,040 | 94.78% | 70,625 | 96.37% | ||||
Black
|
5,215 | 3.12% | 3,515 | 2.25% | 2,530 | 1.68% | 1,780 | 1.23% | 745 | 1.02% | ||||
Middle Eastern[b] | 4,530 | 2.71% | 3,235 | 2.07% | 1,825 | 1.21% | 1,410 | 0.98% | 590 | 0.81% | ||||
Latin American | 3,410 | 2.04% | 2,705 | 1.73% | 2,110 | 1.4% | 2,005 | 1.39% | 690 | 0.94% | ||||
Indigenous | 2,820 | 1.69% | 1,720 | 1.1% | 1,345 | 0.9% | 865 | 0.6% | 140 | 0.19% | ||||
East Asian[c] | 965 | 0.58% | 655 | 0.42% | 475 | 0.32% | 620 | 0.43% | 105 | 0.14% | ||||
Southeast Asian[d] | 760 | 0.45% | 530 | 0.34% | 605 | 0.4% | 390 | 0.27% | 260 | 0.35% | ||||
South Asian | 710 | 0.42% | 450 | 0.29% | 455 | 0.3% | 310 | 0.21% | 85 | 0.12% | ||||
Other/Multiracial[e] | 540 | 0.32% | 340 | 0.22% | 210 | 0.14% | 170 | 0.12% | 40 | 0.05% | ||||
Total responses | 167,180 | 96.66% | 156,260 | 96.86% | 150,255 | 97.19% | 144,595 | 98.08% | 73,285 | 96.53% | ||||
Total population | 172,950 | 100% | 161,323 | 100% | 154,601 | 100% | 147,427 | 100% | 75,916 | 100% | ||||
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses |
Ethnic origin | Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
Canadian | 57,945 | 34.6 |
French | 43,525 | 26.0 |
Québécois
|
21,100 | 12.6 |
Irish | 8,400 | 5.0 |
North American Aboriginal | 7,605 | 4.5 |
English | 4,570 | 2.7 |
Scottish | 3,245 | 1.9 |
Italian
|
2,790 | 1.6 |
German
|
2,305 | 1.3 |
Sherbrooke CMA
Approximately 90.5% of the greater Sherbrooke area residents were white, while 7.7% were visible minorities and 1.8% were Aboriginal.[4]
French was
About 55.7% of the population identified as
Economy
Sherbrooke, which is the economic centre of
According to data from the
The hockey equipment manufacturer Sherwood was founded in Sherbrooke in 1949. The city is also home to the hockey puck manufacturer Inglasco.
- Largest employers
As of 2010, the largest employers in Sherbrooke are
Arts and culture
In the summer season, several festivals, concerts, and events are held in the city, such as the Fête du Lac des Nations, Sherblues & Folk, and the Festival des traditions du monde. Come winter, the city hosts the Carnaval de Sherbrooke.
The city has British architectural heritage, as seen in the buildings in Vieux-Nord.[citation needed]
Sherbrooke has the fourth largest theatre in Quebec, the Maurice O'Bready University Cultural Centre of Sherbrooke (Salle Maurice-O’bready du centre culturel de l’Université de Sherbrooke). Music, theatre, and dance shows are staged there. The Centennial Theatre of Bishop's University also hosts music and dance concerts from around the world. The Vieux Clocher, owned by the Université de Sherbrooke, has two stages, the primary being used by various music groups and comedians from around the province. The Théâtre Granada, designated as a historical site by the Canadian government, holds music concerts. It has retained its original architecture since its opening. The Petit Théâtre de Sherbrooke, located downtown, presents musicals and plays for children.[43]
Since 2007, the Centre des arts de la scène Jean-Besré (CASJB), built by the city with the support of the Ministry of Culture and Communications, has assisted in the creation and production of material for the region's artistic community.[44] It serves as the location for training theatre, music, and dance professionals. It contains three rehearsal studios, a production room, a decoration workshop, and a costume workshop, as well as administrative offices for each of its resident companies.
Auditoriums
- Salle Maurice-O'Bready
- Granada Theatre
- Centennial Theatre
- Vieux Clocher
- Le Petit Théâtre de Sherbrooke
- Théâtre Léonard Saint-Laurent
- Salle Alfred-Des Rochers
Libraries
- La bibliothèque municipale Éva-Senécal, the main city library (opened 22 December 1990), is named for Éva Senécal (1905-1988), poet, novelist and journalist.
- La bibliothèque du secteur de Rock Forest
- La bibliothèque du secteur de Saint-Élie
- La bibliothèque Gisèle-Bergeron
- La bibliothèque de Lennoxville, at the intersection of rue Queen and rue College, near Bishop's University, offers a book lending service in French and English.
Attractions
Museums and visitors' centres
- Sherbrooke Nature and Science Museum
- Centre d'interprétation de l'histoire de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke Museum of Fine Arts
- Centre culturel et du patrimoine Uplands
- Art gallery at the Centre Culturel of Sherbrooke University
- Centre d'art actuel Sporobole
- Prison Winter
Parks
- Johnville Bog & Forest Park
- Forêt jardinée de l'aéroport de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke has parks and greenspaces that encompass a variety of recreational activities. In total, there are 108 in the municipality.[45] Parks Jacques-Cartier, Mont Bellevue, Bois Beckett, Lucien-Blanchard, Central, Quintal, Victoria, and Marais Réal-D.-Carbonneau are among the most popular destinations.
- Jacques-Cartier Park
- Situated along Fête Nationale and Canada Day.
- This park is the largest in Sherbrooke, with an area of 200 hectares (490 acres). Situated partially on the campus of the Université de Sherbrooke, it is managed by the city and developed by volunteer organization Regroupement du Mont-Bellevue. Within the park are mounts Bellevue and John-S.-Bourque, the former of which has a small ski station. The park is also used for cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, walking, and tubing in winter; as well as hiking, mountain biking, archery, tennis, and jogging in summer. The park contains a total of 30 kilometres (19 mi) of trails and several different types of ecosystems.[46]
- Bois Beckett Park
- This park was established on an old maple grove that belonged to Major Henry Beckett between 1834 and 1870. The property remained in his family until it was acquired by the city in 1963.[47] In 2000, the Ministère de Ressources naturelles et de la Faune recognized the property as an old-growth forest.[48] The oldest tree is said to be 270 years old.[49] The park is maintained, protected and promoted by a volunteer group. Several trails have been built by the city which are open year-round. Within the park, there are several artifacts left behind by Beckett, such as foundations, wells, and farm equipment.
- Lucien-Blanchard Park
- Situated 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) west of downtown on the bank of the dragon boats are available for rent. There is an interpretation centrewith an emphasis on the reptiles and amphibians of the region as well as a boutique.
- Central Park
- At the heart of the Rock Forest–Saint-Élie–Deauville borough, this park is equipped for soccer, tennis, baseball, beach volleyball, and has a playground and an outdoor pool.
- Quintal Park
- Formerly called Parc Central de Fleurimont, this park is situated in the borough of Fleurimont, and mirrors Central Park of Rock Forest-Saint-Élie-Deauville. In early July, the Pif Classic baseball tournament is held in the park, and in August, it hosts the Festival des Traditions du Monde.
- Victoria and Sylvie-Daigle Parks
- Across Terrill Street from one another, these parks are situated just east of downtown. Inside these parks lie pedestrian trails, Olympic-size soccer fields, a handicap accessible outdoor pool, and a sports complex.[50] This multifunctional facility, called the Centre MultiSport Roland-Dussault, has an artificial turf allowing local teams the opportunity to practise indoor soccer, baseball, football, rugby, and so on. There is a hockey arena.
- Marais Réal-D.-Carbonneau
- Located near the Saint-François River, this marsh was developed by CHARMES, a non-profit management corporation that seeks to promote ecotourism in and around Sherbrooke.[51] The park is located on 40 hectares (99 acres) of land and allows visitors access to wooden piers and observation towers, where there are over 50 tree and shrub species and birds.[52]
Sports
Baseball
The Sherbrooke Expos of the Ligue de Baseball Majeur du Québec, an amateur baseball league, play their home games at Amedée Roy Stadium.
The city also hosted some games of the
Historically, several professional teams based in Sherbrooke competed in Minor League Baseball or in independent baseball leagues:[55]
Season(s) | Team | League | Classification |
---|---|---|---|
1940 | Sherbrooke Braves | Quebec Provincial League |
Class B
|
1946 | Sherbrooke Canadians | Border League | Class C
|
1947 | Sherbrooke Black Sox | Quebec Provincial League | Independent |
1948–1949 | Sherbrooke Athletics |
Provincial League | |
1950–1951 | Class C | ||
1953–1955 | Sherbrooke Indians | ||
1972–1973 | Sherbrooke Pirates | Eastern League |
Double-A |
Ice hockey
The Sherbrooke Phoenix is a junior hockey team playing in the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League.
The Sherbrooke Canadiens competed in the American Hockey League from 1984 to 1990.
Government
Sherbrooke is the seat of the judicial district of Saint-François.[56]
Municipal
Local governance is provided by the Sherbrooke City Council. The mayor is Évelyne Beaudin.[57]
Under the
Borough | Population | City Councillors |
---|---|---|
Brompton | 5,956 | 3 |
Fleurimont | 41,276 | 5 |
Jacques-Cartier | 30,229 | 4 |
Lennoxville | 5,195 | 3 |
Mont-Bellevue | 33,377 | 4 |
Rock Forest–Saint-Élie–Deauville | 29,191 | 4 |
Federal and provincial
Sherbrooke is split into the federal electoral districts of
.Provincially, Sherbrooke is divided into three electoral districts. Sherbrooke is represented by Christine Labrie of the Québec solidaire (QS), Saint-François is represented by Guy Hardy of the PLQ and Richmond is represented by Karine Vallières of the PLQ.
Year | Liberal | Conservative | Bloc Québécois | New Democratic | Green | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2021 | 37% | 31,803 | 14% | 12,239 | 30% | 26,097 | 12% | 10,636 | 3% | 2,347 | |
2019 | 31% | 27,575 | 11% | 9,873 | 28% | 24,967 | 23% | 20,409 | 5% | 4,188 |
Year | CAQ | Liberal | QC solidaire | Parti Québécois | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | 31% | 26,790 | 22% | 19,132 | 28% | 23,722 | 16% | 13,437 | |
2014
|
19% | 15,494 | 36% | 29,608 | 10% | 8,355 | 32% | 26,133 |
Public safety
In 2007, the
Military
Sherbrooke does not host any units from the Regular Force with the exception of a recruiting centre, but four Primary Reserve units are stationed in the city:
- 52nd Field Ambulance, formerly known as 8th Medical Company.
- 714th Communication Squadron
- Les Fusiliers de Sherbrooke
- The Sherbrooke Hussars, formed from the amalgamation of The Sherbrooke Regiment and the 7th/11th Hussars in 1965.
A Canadian military artifact is preserved at the William Street Armoury,
Infrastructure
Transportation
Société de transport de Sherbrooke (STS) provides bus service within the city. It operates 18 bus routes, 10 minibus routes, 7 express routes, 3 taxibus routes, and 3 microbus routes.
The city is located at the eastern terminus of
The last passenger train for the city was
Public health
The suburban Sherbrooke University Hospital ("CHUS"[63] or "Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbooke) has over 5,200 employees, including 550 doctors. It includes a clinical research facility, the Étienne-Lebel Research Centre.
Education
Education represents an important part of Sherbrooke, both as part of the city's character and as a principal domain of employment, employing about 11,000 people in its
Postsecondary
Sherbrooke has five academic institutions that make up the Sherbrooke University Pole, providing both English and French education. Students in university comprise a total 10.32% of the city's population, the highest concentration in the province.[64]
The city is the location of one French-language university, the
One of the province's three English-language universities,
There are three
Primary and Secondary education
The city's
Sherbrooke has a total of six public secondary schools:
- Alexander Galt Regional High School
- École internationale du Phare
- École le Goéland
- École secondaire Mitchell-Montcalm
- École secondaire de la Montée
- École secondaire du Triolet
Sherbrooke also has four
- Bishop's College School
- Le Salésien
- Séminaire de Sherbrooke
- Collège Mont-Notre-Dame
Media
See also
- List of mayors of Sherbrooke
- List of people from Sherbrooke
- List of regional county municipalities and equivalent territories in Quebec
Notes
- ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
References
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- ^ pronounced "Shoe"
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